Correspondência Inédita Dirigida a D. Frei Manuel Do Cenáculo – As Cartas de Joaquim Sá e Alexandre Faria Manuel

A presente obra traz a lume dois importantes fundos da correspondência dirigida a D. frei Manuel do Cenáculo, que não foram catalogadas por Armando de Gusmão e, por isso, têm passado despercebidos à historiografia. Trata-se das cartas que Joaquim José da Costa Sá e Alexandre Faria Manuel escreveram ao Bispo de Beja, entre 1772 e 1802. São fontes que adquirem especial importância para a História do Livro e das Bibliotecas. As cartas de Joaquim Sá são um dos poucos testemunhos do donativo que em 1797 Cenáculo enviou para a Real Biblioteca Pública de Lisboa e as cartas de Alexandre Manuel, dadas as funções de Secretário da Mesa Censória e o processo em que se viu envolvido, constituem uma fonte privilegiada para o estudo da censura prévia, do comércio do livro, da leitura de obras proibidas e do furto de livros

19,19'-diacyloxy signature: an atypical level of structural evolution in carotenoid pigments.

En prens

a comprehensive review

The role of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and trans-esophageal endobronchial ultrasound (EUS-B) in lung cancer is well established and scientifically validated. There is increasing data that endosonography is a crucial tool for the diagnosis of central lung lesions, and mediastinal staging and restaging of non-small cell lung cancer patients. The present article reviews the technical aspects of EBUS and EUS-B and focus on the last published research regarding its value in lung cancer.publishersversionpublishe

Two-dimensional identification of fetal tooth germs

Objective: To demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of two-dimensional ultrasonography in the identification of tooth germs and in the assessment of potential pathology.Design: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study.Setting: Prenatal Diagnosis Unit of Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia / EspinhoEmpresa Publica in Portugal.Patients: A total of 157 white pregnant women (median age, 32 years; range, 14 to 47 years) undergoing routine ultrasound exams.Main Outcome Measure(s): Description of the fetal tooth germs, as visualized by two-dimensional ultrasonography, including results from prior fetal biometry and detailed screening for malformations.Results: In the first trimester group, ultrasonography identified 10 tooth germs in the maxilla and 10 tooth germs in the mandible in all fetuses except for one who presented eight maxillary tooth germs. This case was associated with a chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 13) with a bilateral cleft palate. In the second and third trimesters group, ultrasonography identified a larger range of tooth germs: 81.2% of fetuses showed 10 tooth germs in the maxilla and 85.0% of fetuses had 10 tooth germs in the mandible. Hypodontia was more prevalent in the maxilla than in the mandible, which led us to use qualitative two-dimensional ultrasonography to analyze the possible association between hypodontia and other variables such as fetal pathology, markers, head, nuchal, face, and spine.Conclusions: We recommend using this method as the first exam to evaluate fetal morphology and also to help establish accurate diagnosis of abnormalities in pregnancy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Acute effects of isotonic eccentric exercise on the neuromuscular function of knee extensors vary according to the motor task: impact on muscle strength profiles, proprioception and balance

[EN] Introduction: Eccentric exercise has often been reported to result in muscle damage, limiting the muscle potential to produce force. However, understanding whether these adverse consequences extend to a broader, functional level is of apparently less concern. In this study, we address this issue by investigating the acute and delayed effects of supramaximal isotonic eccentric exercise on neuromuscular function and motor performance of knee extensors during tasks involving a range of strength profiles, proprioception, and balance. Methods: Fifteen healthy volunteers (23.2 ± 2.9 years old) performed a unilateral isotonic eccentric exercise of the knee extensors of their dominant lower limb (4 × 10 reps at 120% of one Repetition Maximum (1RM)). The maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVC), rate of force development (RFD), force steadiness of the knee extensors, as well as knee joint position sense and mediolateral (MLI) and anteroposterior stability (API) of the dominant lower limb, were measured pre-, immediately, and 24 h after the eccentric exercise. The EMG amplitude of the vastus medialis (VM) and biceps femoris (BF) were concomitantly evaluated. Results: MVC decreased by 17.9% immediately after exercise (P < 0.001) and remained reduced by 13.6% 24 h following exercise (P < 0.001). Maximum RFD decreased by 20.4% immediately after exercise (P < 0.001) and remained reduced by 15.5% at 24 h (P < 0.001). During the MVC, EMG amplitude of the VM increased immediately after exercise while decreasing during the RFD task. Both values returned to baseline 24 h after exercise. Compared to baseline, force steadiness during submaximal isometric tasks reduced immediately after exercise, and it was accompanied by an increase in the EMG amplitude of the VM. MLI and knee joint position sense were impaired immediately after isotonic eccentric exercise (P < 0.05). While MLI returned to baseline values 24 h later, the absolute error in the knee repositioning task did not. Discussion: Impairments in force production tasks, particularly during fast contractions and in the knee joint position sense, persisted 24 h after maximal isotonic eccentric training, revealing that neuromuscular functional outputs were affected by muscle fatigue and muscle damage. Conversely, force fluctuation and stability during the balance tasks were only affected by muscle fatigue since fully recovered was observed 24 h following isotonic eccentric exercise.SIThe author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This study was funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, IP, under project UID04045/2020. The Polytechnic of Guarda partly supported the research reported in this publication.ARB and AB are part of the Highly Qualified Human Resources Project, reference number CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000162. MR-A acknowledges the financial support received from the Spanish Ministry of Universities through the Grants for the Requalification of the Spanish University System under the Postdoctoral Margarita Salas Programme (RSUC.UDC.MS09), funded by the European Union – Next Generation

La motivación del profesorado clínico de las Escuelas de Medicina

Introducción Este estudio fue el primero en abordar los factores que pueden motivar a los docentes clínicos en las Escuelas de Medicina Deportiva. Estos hallazgos podrían ser de interés particular en un momento en el que van disminuyendo los recursos para recompensar la enseñanza en las escuelas deportivas. Material y métodos Se incluyó a un total de 32 docentes clínicos voluntarios (13 mujeres [40%], 19 varones [60%]) en este estudio observacional y transversal. Se utilizó la metodología Q convencional para que los participantes clasificaran en orden 69 aseveraciones, en función del modo en que éstas reflejaran su motivación para impartir la docencia en una Escuela de Medicina Deportiva. Las aseveraciones clasificadas fueron analizadas utilizando factores, para obtener así grupos de experiencias similares. Resultados De acuerdo a la práctica recomendada, surgieron dos factores: el factor 1 “Yo enseño para ayudar a los demás” incluyó a 23 (72%) tipos de participantes (13 varones y 10 mujeres), mientras que el factor 2 “Yo enseño para mejorarme a mí mismo” incluyó únicamente a 9 (28%) participantes (6 varones y 3 mujeres). La aseveración que recibió una mayor puntuación media para el factor 1 fue: “Quiero ayudar a mis estudiantes a convertirse en buenos doctores”. En cuanto al factor 2, la afirmación que recibió la mayor puntuación media fue: “Yo enseño movido por la estimulación intelectual”. Conclusión Se ha propuesto un pool de factores clasificados que motivan a los facultativos a la enseñanza en las Escuelas de Medicina Deportiva. Al identificarlos, estos factores pueden reforzarse mediante estrategias de motivación en las Escuelas de Medicina Deportiva, a fin de realzar la cooperación y el cumplimiento de los profesores, reduciendo así los porcentajes de abandono

La motivació dels professors clínics en escoles de Medicina

Introducció: Aquest és el primer estudi que aborda els factors que poden motivar els professors clínics de les escoles de Medicina de l’Esport. Les seves troballes podrien tenir un interès especial en un moment en què disminueixen els recursos per recompensar l’ensenyament a les escoles de Medicina de l’Esport. Material i mètodes: Participaren un total de 32 professors clínics voluntaris (13 dones [40%]; 19 homes [60%]) en aquest estudi observacional transversal. S’utilitzà la Medo-tologia Q convencional en què els participants ordenaren 69 enunciats numerats d’acord amb el grau d’intensitat de la motivació per ensenyar en una escola de Medicina de l’Esport. Les respostes foren ordenades segons el factor analitzat per obtenir grups d’experiència similar. Resultats: D’acord amb la pràctica recomanada, sorgiren dos factors: factor 1 «Ensenyo per ajudar els altres», incloïa 23 classes de participants (72%; 13 homes; 10 dones), mentre que el factor 2 «Ensenyo per millorar jo mateix» inclogué només 9 participants (28%; 6 homes; 3 dones). L’enunciat que rebé la puntuació mitjana més alta del factor 1 fou «Vull ajudar els meus estudiants a ser bons metges». Pel que fa al factor 2, la declaració que rebé la puntuació mitjana més elevada fou «Ensenyo per estimular-me intel·lectualment». Conclusió: S’ha establert un rànquing d’afirmacions relatives a la motivació del professorat de les escoles de Medicina de l’Esport, que permetrà als seus responsables desenvolupar l’estratègia oportuna per atreure i retenir el professorat

Motivation of clinical teachers at Schools of Sports Medicine:

Introduction This was the first study to focus on what factors may motivate clinical teachers in Sports Medicine Schools. These findings would be of particular interest at a time of decreasing resources for Schools of Sports Medicine to reward teaching. Material and methods A total of 32 clinical teachers (13 females [40%]; 19 males [60%]) volunteered for this observational, cross-sectional study. Conventional Q-methodology so that participants rank-ordered 69 numbered statements according to the extent to which these reflected their motivation to teach at School of Sports Medicine. The sorted statements were factor-analyzed to provide clusters of similar experiences. Results In accordance with recommended practice, two factors emerged: factor 1 “I teach for helping others” included 23 (72%) participant's sorts (13 males; 10 females) whereas factor 2 “I teach for improving myslef” included just 9 (28%) participants (6 males; 3 females). The statement that received the highest average score for factor 1 was “I want to help my students become good doctors”. Regarding factor 2, the statement that received the highest average score was “I teach because of the intellectual stimulation”. Conclusion A ranked-pool of factors that motivate clinicians to teach in Schools of Sports Schools has been proposed. By identifying them, these factors can be reinforced by motivational strategies at Schools of Sports Medicine in order to enhance teacher cooperation and compliance, thereby reducing drop-out rates

Does the Evaluation of Coagulation Factors Contribute to Etiological Diagnosis of Pleural Effusions?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the participation of the coagulation system in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusions. INTRODUCTION: Imbalance between immunologic and metabolic factors triggers a sequence of events resulting in pleural reactions and accumulation of fluid. The coagulation system, which is fundamental for the maintenance of homeostasis, contributes to the inflammatory process responsible for pleural effusions, and participates in cellular proliferation and migration as well as in the synthesis of inflammatory mediators. METHODS: We evaluated the laboratory profile of coagulation and fibrinolysis in 54 pleural fluids (15 transudates and 39 exudates). RESULTS: The coagulation system acts according to the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in the development of pleural effusions. In inflammatory effusions (exudates), there is activation of coagulation with increased levels of fragment 1+2 and thrombin-antithrombin complex in addition to reduction of fibrinogen levels due to fibrinolysis and fibrin tissue incorporation. As a consequence, there is activation of the fibrinolytic system with increased levels of fibrin degradation products, including the D-dimer. These changes are not sufficient for differentiation of different subgroups of exudates. In transudates, these events were observed to a lesser degree. CONCLUSION: The coagulation system plays an important role in the development of pleural diseases. Coagulation tests show differences between transudates and exudates but not among exudate subgroups. Understanding the physiopathological mechanisms of pleural disorders may help to define new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches

Combinatorial saturation mutagenesis of the Myceliophthora thermophila laccase T2 mutant: The connection between the C-terminal plug and the conserved509VSG511 tripeptide

A mutant laccase from the Ascomycete Myceliophthora thermophila has been submitted to iterative cycles of combinatorial saturation mutagenesis through in vivo overlap extension in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Over 180,000 clones were explored, among which the S510G mutant revealed a direct interaction between the conserved 509VSG511 tripeptide, located in the neighborhood of the T1 site, and the C-terminal plug. The Km O 2 value of the mutant increased 1.5-fold, and the electron transfer pathway between the reducing substrate and the T1 copper ion was altered, improving the catalytic efficiency towards non-phenolic and phenolic substrates by about 3- and 8-fold. Although the geometry at the T1 site was perturbed by the mutation, paradoxically the laccase redox potential was not significantly altered. Together, the results obtained in this study suggest that the 509VSG511 tripeptide may play a hitherto unrecognized role in regulating the traffic of oxygen through the C-terminal plug, the latter blocking access to the T2/T3 copper cluster in the native enzyme.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science projects VEM2004-08559, CTQ2005-08925-C02-02/PPQ and CTQ2006-12097/BQU; the EU project NMP2-CT-2006-026456; a CSIC project 200580M121, the Ramón y Cajal Program, and the Swedish Research Council (Vetenskapsårdet, project ärandenummer: 621-2005-3581). MZ was supported by a fellowship from the “Gobierno Vasco” and CV by a fellowship from the FPU program of the “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia”.Peer Reviewe