Fluorescence Laser Intracavité et Spectrométrie de Fourier : Développements expérimentaux et application au radical NiH.

The main issue of this work is the experimental development of an intracavity spectroscopic method aims at enhanced the sensibility of Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) couplet to High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (LIF-FTS). This enhancement is achieved by an external build-up cavity coupled to a Fourier transform spectrometer. The molecular source is inserted in the cavity which stock the energy of a single mode CW dye laser. The build-up conditions are maintained by an opto-electronic servo-loop.The intracavity power enhancement allows the observation of invisble molecular quantum level in standard LIF experiments. This technique (ICLIF) is validate by the study of an astrophysical radical : NiH, produced in a new changeable hollow cathode source developed during this work.Le thème central de ce travail est le développement expérimental d'une méthode spectroscopique intracavité laser visant à augmenter la sensibilité des expériences de fluorescence induite par laser (LIF) et analysée par spectrométrie par transformée de Fourier (FTS) haute résolution. Cette augmentation passe par la réalisation du couplage d'une cavité externe résonante avec la technique FTS. L'échantillon moléculaire est placé à l'intérieur de la cavité qui stocke l'énergie d'un laser à colorant mono-mode accordable en étant maintenue en permanence en résonance grâce à un système optoélectronique d'asservissement. L'accroissement de puissance intracavité permet alors l'observation de niveaux quantiques moléculaires inaccessibles par les méthodes LIF traditionnelles. Cette technique (ICLIF) est validée par l'étude du radical d'intérêt astrophysique NiH produit par une nouvelle source polyvalente à pulvérisation cathodique, développée en parallèle dans le cadre de ce travail

De l'intérêt du piroxicam et du paracétamol en galénique sublinguale dans la prise en charge de la douleur aux urgences (étude prospective ouverte portant sur 220 dossiers)

But de l étude : La douleur aiguë est un symptôme fréquent dans les services d urgences adulte qui compte pour 86% des motifs de consultation. Dans la pratique quotidienne, la prise en charge de la douleur est un devoir et un défi, si l on considère le contexte actuel d oligo analgésie. L objectif de l étude est de mettre en évidence l intérêt d une prescription antalgique par voie sublinguale en général et l intérêt du piroxicam et du paracétamol lyocs en particulier, comparativement aux autres voies d administration disponibles, dans la prise en charge de la douleur du patient adulte se présentant aux urgences. Méthode : Dans une étude prospective ouverte s étant déroulée d avril 2002 à juin 2003, au sein du SAU de l hôpital R.Ballanger à Aulnay sous bois (Seine Saint Denis), 220 patients âgés de 15 ans et 3 mois ou plus consultant pour le motif recours douleur ont été étudiés et 193 inclus. Les prescriptions étaient libres. Les groupes L, pour lyoc , et A pour autre galénique , ont été confrontés avec comme critère d évaluation principal, les relevés d EVA initiaux et de sortie. L analyse globale a été affinée en fonction de cinq catégories diagnostiques : céphalées, rhumatologie, douleur abdominale, traumatologie et autre. Résultats : Tous les patients inclus sont en CCMU 2. Le groupe A présente des patients plus sévères par rapport au groupe L avec une EVA moyenne d entrée statistiquement supérieure (delta de +1,3) et un ratio d hospitalisation plus élevé. Les EVA de sortie sont équivalentes et satisfaisantes (c'est-à-dire <=3) dans les deux groupes, ce qui témoigne d une prise en charge efficace et adaptée, et de l efficacité des lyocs. Au sein des sous groupes et des catégories diagnostiques, et pour les douleurs présentant une EVA d entrée entre 3 et 6, on dégage l intérêt du paracétamol sublingual dans les catégories diagnostiques Céphalée, Rhumatologie et Autre, le piroxicam lyoc ne se révélant jamais supérieur notamment du fait du manque de puissance statistique dans l étude. Les lyocs ont probablement une place dans la prise en charge de la douleur aux urgences, d autres études devront confirmer et approfondir celle-ci.PARIS13-BU Serge Lebovici (930082101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Fluorescence laser intracavité et spectrométrie de Fourier (développements expérimentaux et application au radical NiH)

The main issue of this work is the experimental development of an intracavity spectroscopic method aims at enhanced the sensibility of Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) couplet to High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (LIF-FTS). This enhancement is achieved by an external build-up cavity coupled to a Fourier transform spectrometer. The molecular source is inserted in the cavity which stock the energy of a single mode CW dye laser. The build-up conditions are maintained by an opto-electronic servo-loop. The intracavity power enhancement allows the observation of invisble molecular quantum level in standard LIF experiments. This technique (ICLIF) is validate by the study of an astrophysical radical : NiH, produced in a new changeable hollow cathode source developed during this workLe thème central de ce travail est le développement expérimental d une méthode spectroscopique intracavité laser visant à augmenter la sensibilité des expériences de fluorescence induite par laser (LIF) et analysée par spectrométrie par transformée de Fourier (FTS) haute résolution. Cette augmentation passe par la réalisation du couplage d une cavité externe résonante avec la technique FTS. L échantillon moléculaire est placé à l intérieur de la cavité qui stocke l énergie d un laser à colorant mono-mode accordable en étant maintenue en permanence en résonance grâce à un système optoélectronique d asservissement. L accroissement de puissance intracavité permet alors l observation de niveaux quantiques moléculaires inaccessibles par les méthodes LIF traditionnelles. Cette technique (ICLIF) est validée par l étude du radical d intérêt astrophysique NiH produit par une nouvelle source polyvalente à pulvérisation cathodique, développée en parallèle dans le cadre de ce travailLYON1-BU.Sciences (692662101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Silicon Wafer Functionalization with a Luminescent Tb(III) Coordination Complex

A new luminescent Tb-DOTAGA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-glutaric-4,7,10- triacetic acid) complex (TbL) was synthesized and covalently immobilized on a silicon wafer. The grafting process was monitored by means of IR and XPS spectroscopies and the optical properties of the functionalized silicon wafer (TbL@Si) were investigated by fluorescence experiments. A homemade setup was then implemented in order to follow TbL@Si optical properties in the presence of gaseous nitric oxide (NO). The prima facie results indicated that in the presence of NO, the wafer fluorescence was partially quenched. This quenching was reversible as soon as NO was pumped outside the fluorescence cell, which could be interesting for the further development of lanthanide labelled silicon wafers as gas phase sensors

LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS OF NiH BY FOURIER TRANSFORM DISPERSED FLUORESCENCE

International audienceABSTRACT Red and orange bands of laser-induced fluorescence in NiH have been recorded on a Fourier transform interferometer at Doppler resolution. The spectra show strong transitions to low-lying vibronic states which are not thermally populated in a laboratory source, and therefore do not appear in laser excitation spectra, but which would be expected to contribute significantly to any stellar spectrum. The strongest bands belong to the G [Ω′ 5/2]– X 2 2 Δ 3/2 , I [Ω′ 3/2]– X 2 , and 2 Δ 3/2 I [Ω′ 3/2]– W 1 2 Π 3/2 systems. Measurements are reported for 58 NiH, 60 NiH, and 62 NiH

Development and validation of a diode laser sensor for gas-phase CO2 monitoring above champagne and sparkling wines

International audienc

An Infrared Laser Sensor for Monitoring Gas-Phase CO₂ in the Headspace of Champagne Glasses under Wine Swirling Conditions

In wine tasting, tasters commonly swirl their glasses before inhaling the headspace above the wine. However, the consequences of wine swirling on the chemical gaseous headspace inhaled by tasters are barely known. In champagne or sparkling wine tasting, starting from the pouring step, gas-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main gaseous species that progressively invades the glass headspace. We report the development of a homemade orbital shaker to replicate wine swirling and the upgrade of a diode laser sensor (DLS) dedicated to monitoring gas-phase CO2 in the headspace of champagne glasses under swirling conditions. We conduct a first overview of gas-phase CO2 monitoring in the headspace of a champagne glass, starting from the pouring step and continuing for the next 5 min, with several 5 s swirling steps to replicate the natural orbital movement of champagne tasters. The first results show a sudden drop in the CO2 concentration in the glass headspace, probably triggered by the liquid wave traveling along the glass wall following the action of swirling the glass

Widely-Tunable Quantum Cascade-Based Sources for the Development of Optical Gas Sensors

Spectroscopic techniques based on Distributed FeedBack (DFB) Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) provide good results for gas detection in the mid-infrared region in terms of sensibility and selectivity. The main limitation is the QCL relatively low tuning range (~10 cm−1) that prevents from monitoring complex species with broad absorption spectra in the infrared region or performing multi-gas sensing. To obtain a wider tuning range, the first solution presented in this paper consists of the use of a DFB QCL array. Tuning ranges from 1335 to 1387 cm−1 and from 2190 to 2220 cm−1 have been demonstrated. A more common technique that will be presented in a second part is to implement a Fabry–Perot QCL chip in an external-cavity (EC) system so that the laser could be tuned on its whole gain curve. The use of an EC system also allows to perform Intra-Cavity Laser Absorption Spectroscopy, where the gas sample is placed within the laser resonator. Moreover, a technique only using the QCL compliance voltage technique can be used to retrieve the spectrum of the gas inside the cavity, thus no detector outside the cavity is needed. Finally, a specific scheme using an EC coherent QCL array can be developed. All these widely-tunable Quantum Cascade-based sources can be used to demonstrate the development of optical gas sensors

Silicon Wafer Functionalization with a Luminescent Tb(III) Coordination Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application to the Optical Detection of NO in the Gas Phase

International audienceA new luminescent Tb-DOTAGA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1-glutaric-4,7,10- triacetic acid) complex (TbL) was synthesized and covalently immobilized on a silicon wafer. The grafting process was monitored by means of IR and XPS spectroscopies and the optical properties of the functionalized silicon wafer (TbL@Si) were investigated by fluorescence experiments. A homemade setup was then implemented in order to follow TbL@Si optical properties in the presence of gaseous nitric oxide (NO). The prima facie results indicated that in the presence of NO, the wafer fluorescence was partially quenched. This quenching was reversible as soon as NO was pumped outside the fluorescence cell, which could be interesting for the further development of lanthanide labelled silicon wafers as gas phase sensors

Alternative splicing and ACMG-AMP-2015-based classification of PALB2 genetic variants: an ENIGMA report

International audienceBackground PALB2 monoallelic loss-of-function germ-line variants confer a breast cancer risk comparable to the average BRCA2 pathogenic variant. Recommendations for risk reduction strategies in carriers are similar. Elaborating robust criteria to identify loss-of-function variants in PALB2—without incurring overprediction—is thus of paramount clinical relevance. Towards this aim, we have performed a comprehensive characterisation of alternative splicing in PALB2, analysing its relevance for the classification of truncating and splice site variants according to the 2015 American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics-Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines.Methods Alternative splicing was characterised in RNAs extracted from blood, breast and fimbriae/ovary-related human specimens (n=112). RNAseq, RT-PCR/CE and CloneSeq experiments were performed by five contributing laboratories. Centralised revision/curation was performed to assure high-quality annotations. Additional splicing analyses were performed in PALB2 c.212–1G>A, c.1684+1G>A, c.2748+2T>G, c.3113+5G>A, c.3350+1G>A, c.3350+4A>C and c.3350+5G>A carriers. The impact of the findings on PVS1 status was evaluated for truncating and splice site variant.Results We identified 88 naturally occurring alternative splicing events (81 newly described), including 4 in-frame events predicted relevant to evaluate PVS1 status of splice site variants. We did not identify tissue-specific alternate gene transcripts in breast or ovarian-related samples, supporting the clinical relevance of blood-based splicing studies.Conclusions PVS1 is not necessarily warranted for splice site variants targeting four PALB2 acceptor sites (exons 2, 5, 7 and 10). As a result, rare variants at these splice sites cannot be assumed pathogenic/likely pathogenic without further evidences. Our study puts a warning in up to five PALB2 genetic variants that are currently reported as pathogenic/likely pathogenic in ClinVar