QUANTIFYING THE IMPACT OF IMMIGRATION ON THE SPANISH WELFARE STATE

The Spanish population will experience a significant aging in the coming years. This demographic change will impose a heavy burden on the national budget. In particular, expenditure on pensions and health care will grow much faster than productivity. Some authors believe that immigration could alleviate the fiscal burden on future generations by making the Spanish population younger. We use the methodology of Generational Accounting to quantify the impact of immigration on the Spanish Welfare State, by simulating alternative scenarios according to different quotas of immigrants. Our results suggest that immigration could have a positive and significant effect.Immigration, ¿scal policy, generational accounting, Welfare State.

Fall Risk Among Urban Community Older Persons

The elderly should be screened in the community for risk for falls. It impacts significantly on their ability to still be active and productive even during aging. This study determined the risk for falls among Philippine urban community-dwellers 65 years old and above. Participants were ambulatory elderly peopleregistered in a government centre in one city. Data collection was done by interviewing elders and assessing fall risk factors. Data analyses were done using descriptive statistics and SPSS version 16 was used to correlate variables. Fall risk predictive factor is age. 63.3% of the participants are categorized as young-old to middle old. Protective factor fall risk is being married and/or living with family, which is 65.3% of this group. Confidence level in performance and completion of tasks were measured by Activity-Based Confidence (ABC), which showed 71.5% has moderate level of confidence. However, confidence level isinsufficiently-proven by literature to predict falls. Depression is statistically significant related factor for falls and was measured by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Results showed that 87.7% has mild depression. Functional mobility capacity of the participants, namely balance and gait, and flexibility were measured by Tinetti Balance and Gait Scores (TBGS) and Chair Sit-and-Reach Test (CSRT), respectively. TBGS yielded 46.9%, and CSRT yielded 67.3%, which is low risk for falls. Correlation between TBGS and GDS, and TBGS and ABC were arrived at by using Spearman Rho. It yielded a significant relationship (r = 0.358, p = 0.012) between balance and gait with a depressive state, and no significant relationship (r = -0.136, p = 0.352) between balance and gait with confidence level, respectivel

Perception on Poisoning Among Adult Urban Community Members

Household poisoning is a public health issue in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the perceptions of residents in Pasay City towards household poisoning, using a quantitative descriptive design, through a survey-interview data collection method. The study found that 58% of the respondents perceived improper food preparation as the most common source of poisoning, while 14% reported the absence of poisonous substances in their homes. Only 64% reported seeking medical consult as a priority intervention. Lastly, 83% identified proper labeling as a prevention method for poisoning. The researchers recommend increased public awareness regarding household poisoning, more visibility of therole of NPMCC in the community, and a second interventional phase of the study

Efecto semental x ganadería en la estimación de parámetros genéticos en caracteres de tamaño en el caballo de Pura Raza Español: resultados preliminares

Sire x stud effect on estimation of genetic parameters for body traits in Spanish Purebred horse: Preliminary results The same or closely related stallions are used for reproduction across studs differing in environments. Stallions may perform differently across studs, and adjustment for the environmental sire x stud effect (s) may be recommended. However, there are no available studies analysing the influence of such effect on estimation of genetic parameters in horses. This research aimed at assessing the effect of including s effects in the models for eight body measurements: height at withers (HW), height at chest (HC), leg length (LL), body length (BL), width of chest (WC), heart girth circumference (HGC), knee perimeter (KP) and cannon bone circumference (CBC). Using data from 16,472 individuals, genetic parameters were estimated using a multivariate animal model by REML. The estimated heritabilities ranged between 0.26 (HC and WC) and 0.57 (HW) and estimates for the s effect from 0.02 (HW) to 0.09 (WC and HGC). Correlations between s effects were positive, significant and from moderate to low, varying between 0.09 (HW-BC) and 0.62 (HW-BL); except for LL, which were negative and low (-0.20 - -0.68). Selective decisions or preferential management practices can cause this environmental effect. The inclusion of an s effect in models fitted for genetic evaluation in horse breeding schemes can be advisable.Los mismos sementales o algunos muy emparentados se utilizan en diferentes ganaderías. El rendimiento del semental puede variar según la ganadería por lo que puede ser recomendable incluir en los modelos de estimación el efecto ambiental macho x ganadería (s). Sin embargo, no existen estudios que analicen la influencia de este efecto sobre parámetros genéticos de caracteres de interés en el caballo. En este estudio se pretende evaluar el efecto de la inclusión del efecto s en los modelos de estimación de parámetros genéticos de 8 medidas zoométricas: alzada a la cruz (HW), altura de pecho (HC), longitud de extremidades (LL), longitud corporal (BL), anchura de pecho (WC), perímetro torácico (HGC), perímetro de rodilla (KP) y perímetro de caña (CBC). Se estimaron los componentes de la varianza a partir de los datos obtenidos en 16.472 animales utilizando un modelo animal multivariado con una metodología REML. Las heredabilidades oscilaron entre 0,26 (HC y WC) y 0,57 (HW) y las estimas del efecto s entre 0,02 (HW) y 0,09 (WC y HGC). Las correlaciones entre efectos s fueron positivas, significativas y, en general, entre moderadas y bajas, variando entre 0,09 (HW-BC) y 0,62 (HW-BL); excepto para LL, que fueron negativas y bajas (-0,20 - -0,68). Se considera recomendable incluir este efecto en los modelos de valoración genética en razas equinas

Influence of the Carthusian strain in the andalusian horses

In this work the evolution of the Carthusian influence has been analysed in 33.486 Andalusian horses (P.R.E.) registered in the Stud Book from its opening in the year 1912 until 1990. It has been able to verify that the maximum number of the Carthusian predecessors, in a given generation level is reflected, in the form of greater percentage of influence, in three subsequent generations. The level of Carthusian influence in the set of the P.R.E. horses population has been increased in the successive generation intervals, being produced the four increases more meaningful in successive decades, from the years 30 until the years 70, with a total increase of the 55.28 percent of influence. In summary, more than 70 percent of the P.R.E. reproducers posses some Carthusian forefather between their registered antecedent in the Stud Book, being included in the level of the 80-100 percent of Carthusian blood the greater group of P.R.E. reproducers.En este trabajo se ha analizado la evolución de la influencia Cartujana en los 33.486 caballos de P.R.E. inscritos en el Stud Book hasta el año 1990. Se ha podido constatar que el máximo número de antecesores Cartujanos en un determinado nivel generacional se refleja, en forma de mayor porcentaje de influencia, en tres generaciones posteriores. El nivel de influencia Cartujana en el conjunto de la población de caballos de P.R.E. se ha visto incrementada en los sucesivos intervalos generacionales, produciéndose los cuatro incrementos más significativos en décadas sucesivas, desde los años 30 hasta los años 70, con un incremento total del 55,28 p.100 de influencia. En suma, más del 70 p.100 de la población de reproductores del P.R.E., posee algún antepasado Cartujano entre sus antecesores inscritos en el Libro genealógico, incluyéndose en el nivel del 80-100 p.100 de sangre Cartujana el mayor grupo de animales reproductores de la población del P.R.E

Genetic conservation index in the Carthusian strain of the andalusian horses

In this work we have analysed the evolution of the effective number of the population base or founding of the Carthusian strain of the Spanish Pure Breed Horse (P.R.E.). The Stud Book has supplied the necessary information to constitute the data base formed with the set of Carthusian horses (2673 animals registered up to 1991). Concerning the base or founding population of the Carthusian strain, being 220 the number of animals that integrates the foundational group. At present and due to the selection policy of the individuals more significants, as well as to the type of line inbreeding employed within a strain with a low effective number of reproducers, only exist effective genetic representation of 22 antecedent (11 sires and 11 mares). The mean Genetic Conservation Index, seems have arrived to a stabilisation phase after a gradual increasing throughout the successive generations analysed. The interval 1980-1990 is emphasised, then takes a value of 14.23 the one which can be considered a good conservation level of those genetic lines that they were constituted by the group of founding ancestors.En este trabajo se ha analizado la evolución del número efectivo de la población base o fundadora de la estirpe Cartujana del caballo de P.R.E. El Libro Genealógico de la raza ha suministrado la información necesaria para constituir la base de datos formada por los 2.673 caballos Cartujanos inscritos hasta el año 1991. En cuanto a la población base o fundadora de la estirpe Cartujana, está constituida por aquellos antecesores que cierran los pedigríes de los animales que forman la estirpe. Según nuestros resultados es de 220 el número de animales que integra el grupo fundacional. En la actualidad y debido a la política de utilización exhaustiva de los individuos más emblemáticos y al tipo de endocría en línea empleada dentro de una estirpe con un bajo número efectivo de reproductores, sólo existe representación genética efectiva de 22 antecesores (11 sementales y 11 yeguas). El Índice de Conservación Genético medio parece haber llegado a una fase de estabilización después de un paulatino incremento a lo largo de los sucesivos periodos generacionales, siendo en el último intervalo analizado (1980-1990) de 14,23

Un paso hacia la madurez lectora: análisis de dos cuentos de Ana María Matute

Este artículo recoge las conclusiones del análisis de dos cuentos de Ana María Matute, así como las líneas maestras de una propuesta de trabajo para iniciar a los alumnos de Secundaria y Bachillerato en el comentario de textos narrativos, con especial referencia a los elementos que configuran la estructura de los relatos.This article captures the conclusions obtained by the analysis of two tales by Ana Maria Matute, as well as the main ideas of an essay proposal to initiate High School and Secondary Education students in the construction of commentaries of narrative texts, giving special emphasis to those elements that build the structure of the story

Isogeny volcanoes of elliptic curves and sylow subgroups

International Conference on Cryptology and Information Security in Latin America LATINCRYPT 2014: Progress in Cryptology - LATINCRYPT 2014 pp 162-175Given an ordinary elliptic curve over a finite field located in the floor of its volcano of ℓ-isogenies, we present an efficient procedure to take an ascending path from the floor to the level of stability and back to the floor. As an application for regular volcanoes, we give an algorithm to compute all the vertices of their craters. In order to do this, we make use of the structure and generators of the ℓ-Sylow subgroups of the elliptic curves in the volcanoes.The authors thank the reviewers for their valuable comments and specially Sorina Ionica for her suggestions which have improved this article. Research of the second and third authors was supported in part by grants MTM2013-46949-P (Spanish MINECO) and 2014 SGR1666 (Generalitat de Catalunya)

Population study of the native Losine horse

The Losine horse, Spanish Losine Pony according to Masón (1969), gets its name for the point of origin, the Losa Valley in the north of the province of Burgos (Spain). This breed maintained its numbers until the 50s when its population declined until reaching a critical point 1986 of only around 180 specimens, in that year, in view of the alarming situation, recovery program for the breed was initiated with the establishment of the first centre for the Breeding and selection of the Losine horse in Pancorbo (Burgos). The fact that so little time has passed since establishing this centre, explains the fact that the Losine horse has a 20.31 p.100 of its population of 154 specimens belonging to the base or founding animals. Further more, it has high average of pedigree founders (16.80) that represent approximately 65 p.100 of the population base. The sequential entrance of founding animal from generation to generation has caused a low ave rage of inbreeding in the Losine horse population ( Fmedia = 1.8 p.100).El caballo Losino, Pony sp. Losino según Masón (1969), recibe su denominación del área original de cría, el Valle de Losa, en el Norte de la provincia de Burgos (España). Esta raza mantuvo sus efectivos hasta los años 50 pero posteriormente su población descendió hasta llegar en 1986 a los límites más críticos de su historia (alrededor de 180 ejemplares). En ese año, en vista de la alarmante situación, se inició un proyecto de recuperación de la raza, creándose en Pancorbo (Burgos) el primer Centro de Cría y Selección del caballo Losino. El hecho de haber transcurrido tan poco espacio de tiempo desde el momento de comenzar, en el Centro de Pancorbo, la recuperación de la Raza del Caballo Losino hace que de los 154 animales que han sido censados hasta el momento del estudio, un 20,31 p.100 sean animales pertenecientes a la población base o fundadora. Así mismo, observamos el elevado número medio de fundadores por pedigrí (16,80) que representa aproximadamente el 65 p.100 de la población base. La entrada secuencial de animales fundadores en cada intervalo generacional, ha motivado que la consanguinidad media de la población de caballos Losinos sea baja ( Fmedia = 1,8 p.100