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Analysis of Arc Processes in Multi-chamber Arrester for Lightning Protection at High-voltage Overhead Power Lines
Nowadays multi-chamber arresters are widely distributed as devices of lightning protection of overhead power lines. A mathematical modelling of processes in the discharge chamber of multichamber arrester is necessary to carry out in order to improve its breaking capacity. A three-dimensional mathematical transient model of thermal, gas-dynamic and electromagnetic processes taking place in the discharge chamber of multi-chamber arrester is presented in the article. Basic assumptions, model equations, a computational domain and the boundary conditions are described. Plasma turbulence is taken into account. The results of the calculation i.e. distributions of plasma temperature and overpressure in the discharge chamber at different time points are shown. The analysis of the results was carried out. It is shown that the presence of cavities in the electrodes design promotes electric arc extinction in the discharge chamber of multi-chamber arrester
ΠΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ
Objective: to study the influence of focal infection on the immune status of patients with psoriasis.Materials and methods. 30 patients with psoriasis aged 19 to 61 years (21 people β plaque psoriasis, 9 people β psoriasis guttata) were examined, which were divided into 2 groups. The first group β with the diagnosed of focal infection (18 people), the second group β without the presence of focal infection (12 people). The control group consisted of 15 healthy individuals admitted to the clinic for the removal of benign skin tumors. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, instrumental and laboratory examination, as well as an immunogram. Determination of lymphocyte subpopulations was carried out on a flow cytometer βCytom - ics FC500β by Beckman Coulter using various combinations of direct monoclonal antibodies and isotopic controls. The groups were compared using nonparametric Mann β Whitney test, the differences were considered significant at p 0.05.Results. The absence of significant quantitative changes in the main and small subpopulations of T- and Π-lymphocytes in both groups of patients with psoriasis was shown. At the same time, the group of patients with psoriasis and focal infection, was characterized by an increase in the relative number of T-lymphocytes (p = 0.034) and T-helpers (p = 0.012), the relative and absolute number of activated CD3+HLA-DR+cells (p = 0.028 and 0.036, respectively), as well as a decrease in regulatory T-helper (p = 0.031). Subpopulation of CLA+CD3+-lymphocytes tropic to the skin in comparison with control was increased both in the first (p = 0.016) and second (p = 0.044) groups. Also, patients with psoriasis differed from healthy individuals by increasing the number of memory T-cells (p = 0.049 for group 1, p = 0.003 for group 2).Conclusion. Existing focal infection in psoriasis patients lead to an imbalance in the content of individual lymphocyte subpopulations: an increase in the relative number of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+HLA-DR+ cells, as well as a decrease in regulatory T-helper. These changes can lead to a long course of the disease and a reduction in remission periods.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠΈΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ₯Π) Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 30 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 19 Π΄ΠΎ 61 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° (Ρ 21 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π±Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·, Ρ 9 β ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·), ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° 2 Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. Π ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π²ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (18 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ), Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ β Π±Π΅Π· Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ (12 ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊ). ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 15 ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅, ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Cytomics FC500 ΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ Beckman Coulter Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π» ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π° β Π£ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ p 0,05.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π’- ΠΈ Π-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ. Π ΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΠ₯Π, ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π’-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² (p = 0,034) ΠΈ Π’-Ρ
Π΅Π»ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² (p = 0,012), ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
CD3+HLA-DR+-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ (p = 0,028 ΠΈ 0,036 ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
T-Ρ
Π΅Π»ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ (p = 0,031). Π‘ΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΆΠ΅ CLA+CD3+-Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉ (p = 0,016), ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ (p = 0,044) Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡΡΠΈ (p = 0,049 Π΄Π»Ρ 1-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ, p = 0,003 Π΄Π»Ρ 2-ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²: ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° CD3+CD4+ ΠΈ CD3+HLA-DR+ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π’-Ρ
Π΅Π»ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² VEGF (rs699947 ΠΈ rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) ΠΈ ET-1 (rs1800541), Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Background: Uncontrolled use of alcohol can lead to the development of cirrhosis of the liver, which is manifested by fibrosis with the formation of regenerative nodes, an increase in pressure in the portal vein system and impaired liver function. Hepatic endothelium dysfunction during the formation of portal hypertension is accompanied by an increase in the level of protein molecules involved in the functioning of the endothelium: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a soluble form of the intercellular adhesion molecule (s-ICAM-1) and endothelin-1 (ET -one). It is assumed that elevated levels of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in alcoholic liver cirrhosis (AHC) may be interconnected with the structure of polymorphic loci, the promoter regions of the respective genes, which in turn may be a genetic risk factor for developing cirrhosis.Aims: Investigate the relationship of carriage of variant forms of polymorphic loci located in the promoter regions of VEGF-A, ICAM-1 and ET-1 with the level of the corresponding proteins in the blood serum and the risk of AHC.Materials and methods: The main group consisted of patients with pathological dependence on alcohol, aggravated by cirrhosis of the liver (AHC, n=60). The control group consisted of persons suffering from alcohol abuse, without liver pathology (AA, n=24). The observation period was the period of hospitalization. The serum levels of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 were evaluated by enzyme immunoassay. The distribution of variant forms of polymorphic loci located in the promoter regions of the VEGF-A genes (rs699947 and rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) and ET-1 (rs1800541) in the studied sample was performed by real-time PCR.Results: The development of alcoholic cirrhosis was accompanied by a significant increase in the concentration of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in serum. At the same time, direct correlations between the concentrations of VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 and ET-1 in serum and the diameter of the portal vein in persons with liver cirrhosis were revealed. Patients with AHC are often carriers of the G allele of rs1800541 locus, located in the promoter of the ET-1 gene, compared with individuals suffering from control without liver pathology, which is associated with an increased risk of developing cirrhosis in alcohol dependence. The carriage of the C allele rs699947, as well as the C allele rs2010963 located in the promoter of the VEGF gene was associated with an increased level of VEGF-A in the AHC compared to carriers of this allele in the AA group. In addition, in the group of patients with AHC, carriers of allele C, homozygous CC genotype and heterozygous GC genotype of rs2010963 locus compared with carriers of G allele or homozygous GG genotype, respectively, were characterized by elevated serum VEGF-A levels.Conclusion: Carrier allele G of the rs1800541 locus (ET-1) is a risk factor for liver cirrhosis with alcohol abuse. The carriage of the C allele rs699947, as well as the C allele rs2010963 located in the promoter of the VEGF gene, can determine the elevated serum VEGF-A level in the AHC.ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ·Π»ΠΎΠ²-ΡΠ΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ, β Π²Π°ΡΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° Π (VEGF-A), ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ (s-ICAM-1) ΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°-1 (ET-1). ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 ΠΈ ET-1 ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ (ΠΠ¦Π) ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ β ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
VEGF-A, ICAM-1 ΠΈ ET-1, Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ¦Π.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΎΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ (ΠΠ¦Π, n=60). ΠΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΡ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ (ΠΠ, n=24). ΠΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 ΠΈ ET-1 Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π Π°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² VEGF-A (rs699947 ΠΈ rs2010963), ICAM1 (rs281437) ΠΈ ET-1 (rs1800541), Π² ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 ΠΈ ET-1 Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ VEGF-A, s-ICAM-1 ΠΈ ET-1 Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΠ¦Π ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ G Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ° rs1800541, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π° ET-1, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ Π‘ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ° rs699947, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ Π‘ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ° rs2010963, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π° VEGF, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ VEGF-A ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ¦Π ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΠ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΠ¦Π Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ Π‘, Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π‘Π‘ ΠΈ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° GC Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ° rs2010963 ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ G ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠ° GG ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ VEGF-A Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ G Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ° rs1800541 (ET-1) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ Π‘ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ° rs699947, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Ρ Π‘ Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠ° rs2010963, ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½Π° VEGF, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ VEGF-Π Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΠ¦Π
An attempt to understand exclusive pi+ electroproduction
Hard exclusive pi+ electroproduction is investigated within the handbag
approach. The prominent role of the pion-pole contribution is demonstrated. It
is also shown that the experimental data require a twist-3 effect which ensues
from the helicity-flip generalized parton distribution H_T and the twist-3 pion
wave function. The results calculated from this handbag approach are compared
in detail with the experimental data on cross sections and spin asymmetries
measured with a polarized target. It is also commented on consequences of this
approach for exclusive \pi^0 and vector-meson electroproduction.Comment: 35 pages, 12 figures, using Latex, a number of additional comments
have been included in the text, e.g. in paragraph above (3) or at end of
sect.
Polarized parton distributions from NLO QCD analysis of world DIS and SIDIS data
The combined analysis of polarized DIS and SIDIS data is performed in NLO
QCD. The new parametrization on polarized PDFs is constructed. The
uncertainties on PDFs and their first moments are estimated applying the
modified Hessian method.
The especial attention is paid to the impact of novel SIDIS data on the
polarized distributions of light sea and strange quarks. In particular, the
important question of polarized sea symmetry is studied in comparison with the
latest results on this subject
Bosonic representation of one-dimensional Heisenberg ferrimagnets
The energy structure and the thermodynamics of ferrimagnetic Heisenberg
chains of alternating spins S and s are described in terms of the Schwinger
bosons and modified spin waves. In the Schwinger representation, we average the
local constraints on the bosons and diagonalize the Hamiltonian at the
Hartree-Fock level. In the Holstein-Primakoff representation, we optimize the
free energy in two different ways introducing an additional constraint on the
staggered magnetization. A new modified spin-wave scheme, which employs a
Lagrange multiplier keeping the native energy structure free from temperature
and thus differs from the original Takahashi Scheme, is particularly stressed
as an excellent language to interpret one-dimensional quantum ferrimagnetism.
Other types of one-dimensional ferrimagnets and the antiferromagnetic limit S=s
are also mentioned.Comment: to be published in Phys. Rev. B 69, No. 6, 0644XX (2004
Azimuthal asymmetries of charged hadrons produced by high-energy muons scattered off longitudinally polarised deuterons
Azimuthal asymmetries in semi-inclusive production of positive (h^+) and
negative hadrons (h^-) have been measured by scattering 160 GeV muons off
longitudinally polarised deuterons at CERN. The asymmetries were decomposed in
several terms according to their expected modulation in the azimuthal angle phi
of the outgoing hadron. Each term receives contributions from one or several
spin and transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution and fragmentation
functions. The amplitudes of all phi-modulation terms of the hadron asymmetries
integrated over the kinematic variables are found to be consistent with zero
within statistical errors, while the constant terms are nonzero and equal for
h^+ and h^- within the statistical errors. The dependencies of the
phi-modulated terms versus the Bjorken momentum fraction x, the hadron
fractional momentum z, and the hadron transverse momentum p_h^T were studied.
The x dependence of the constant terms for both positive and negative hadrons
is in agreement with the longitudinal double-spin hadron asymmetries, measured
in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering. The x dependence of the sin
phi-modulation term is less pronounced than that in the corresponding HERMES
data. All other dependencies of the phi-modulation amplitudes are consistent
with zero within the statistical errors.Comment: 12 pages, 11 Figures; revision 1 signs in Eq 5 corrected, polishe
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