247 research outputs found
On Sp(2M) Invariant Green Functions
Explicit form of two-point and three-point Sp(2M) invariant Green functions
is found.Comment: 7 page
Characterization of lipids A of Ralstonia solanacearum lipopolysaccharides
The analysis of fatty acid profiles of lipopolysacharides has shown that R. solanacearum strains tested may be divided into two groups. The first group is represented by R. solanacearum strains (5712, 7945, 7955 and 8110) the lipids A of which contained hydroxylated fatty acids with long chains: 3-hydroxytetradecanoic, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic and 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic. The second group was represented by R. solanacearum strains the lipids A of which contained hydroxylated fatty acids with short chains: 3-hydroxydecanoic, 2-hydroxydodecanoic and 3-hydroxydodecanoic. 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid was observed in a small amount. A comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition and biological activity gives a possibility to suppose that 3-hydroxytetradecanoic, 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic and 2-hydroxyoctadecanoic acids may be responsible for the toxicity and pyrogenicity of the lipopolysaccharides tested.ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ² Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ R. solanacearum ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π³ΡΡΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ R. solaΒnacearum (5712, 7945, 7955 Ρ 8110), Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π· Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²ΡΠ³Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π½ΡΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ: 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°-Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ, 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ° 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ. Π Π΄ΡΡΠ³Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ R. solanacearum, Ρ Π»ΡΠΏΡΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π½ΡΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ: 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°, 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ° 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°. 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π² Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ° Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΏΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°, 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°-Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΡΠ° 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΒΡ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ².ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ», ΡΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ R. solanacearum ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΒΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ R. solanacearum (5712, 7945, 7955 ΠΈ 8110), Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Ρ Π ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΌΠΈ: 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ, 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΈ 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ R. solanacearum, Π² Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ
Π ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΌΠΈ: 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈ 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ. 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° Π² Π½Π΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅. Π‘ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΒΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ 3-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈ 2-ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠΊΡΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΒΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²
Desenvolvimento de sistema de poupança de energia baseado em bomba de calor
This article describes the structure and the operation of energy-saving systems based on a heat pump with the use of renewable energy sources. Using the method of an experiment three-factor active planning, the response surfaces and their two-dimensional cross sections were constructed in the isolines of the transition process duration and the amount of the energy carrier heat from the the electric heater power. The developed energy-saving systems support the temperature regime of an agricultural object by using solar energy, low-potential and artificial energy sources throughout the year. The developed system (option one), installed in hard-to-reach places at agricultural facilities, is designed to generate thermal energy, electricity, and provides significant energy savings during energy supply. Due to the speed of the electric regulator with solid filler and electric heater, the efficiency of the heat pump is increased, which maintains the microclimate parameters of the agricultural object.Este artΓculo describe la estructura y el funcionamiento de los sistemas de ahorro de energΓa basados en una bomba de calor con el uso de fuentes de energΓa renovables. Utilizando el mΓ©todo de un experimento de planificaciΓ³n activa de tres factores, las superficies de respuesta y sus secciones transversales bidimensionales se construyeron en las isolinas de la duraciΓ³n del proceso de transiciΓ³n y la cantidad de calor del portador de energΓa de la potencia del calentador elΓ©ctrico. Los sistemas de ahorro de energΓa desarrollados apoyan el rΓ©gimen de temperatura de un objeto agrΓcola mediante el uso de energΓa solar, potencial bajo y fuentes de energΓa artificial durante todo el aΓ±o. El sistema desarrollado (opciΓ³n uno), instalado en lugares de difΓcil acceso en las instalaciones agrΓcolas, estΓ‘ diseΓ±ado para generar energΓa tΓ©rmica, electricidad y proporciona ahorros de energΓa significativos durante el suministro de energΓa. Debido a la velocidad del regulador elΓ©ctrico con relleno sΓ³lido y calentador elΓ©ctrico, se incrementa la eficiencia de la bomba de calor, lo que mantiene los parΓ‘metros de microclima del objeto agrΓcola.Este artigo descreve a estrutura e a operação de sistemas de economia de energia baseados em uma bomba de calor com o uso de fontes de energia renovΓ‘veis. Utilizando o mΓ©todo de um planejamento ativo de trΓͺs fatores experimentais, as superfΓcies de resposta e suas seçáes transversais bidimensionais foram construΓdas nas isolinhas da duração do processo de transição e na quantidade de calor do portador de energia a partir da potΓͺncia do aquecedor elΓ©trico. Os sistemas de economia de energia desenvolvidos suportam o regime de temperatura de um objeto agrΓcola usando energia solar, fontes de energia artificiais e com baixo potencial ao longo do ano. O sistema desenvolvido (opção 1), instalado em locais de difΓcil acesso em instalaçáes agrΓcolas, Γ© projetado para gerar energia tΓ©rmica, eletricidade e proporcionar economias de energia significativas durante o fornecimento de energia. Devido Γ velocidade do regulador elΓ©trico com enchimento sΓ³lido e aquecedor elΓ©trico, a eficiΓͺncia da bomba de calor Γ© aumentada, o que mantΓ©m os parΓ’metros microclima do objeto agrΓcola
Subcarrier Wave Quantum Key Distribution in Telecommunication Network with Bitrate 800 kbit/s
In the course of work on creating the first quantum communication network in Russia we demonstrated quantum key distribution in metropolitan optical network infrastructure. A single-pass subcarrier wave quantum cryptography scheme was used in the experiments. BB84 protocol with strong reference was chosen for performing key distribution. The registered sifted key rate in an optical cable with 1.5 dB loss was 800 Kbit/s. Signal visibility exceeded 98%, and quantum bit error rate value was 1%. The achieved result is a record for this type of systems
Development of a Momentum Determined Electron Beam in the 1 -45 GeV Range
A beam line for electrons with energies in the range of 1 to 45 GeV, low
contamination of hadrons and muons and high intensity up to 10^6 per
accelerator spill at 27 GeV was setup at U70 accelerator in Protvino, Russia. A
beam tagging system based on drift chambers with 160 micron resolution was able
to measure relative electron beam momentum precisely. The resolution sigma_p p
was 0.13% at 45 GeV where multiple scattering is negligible. This test beam
setup provided the possibility to study properties of lead tungstate crystals
(PbWO_4) for the BTeV experiment at Fermilab.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures; work done by the BTeV Electromagnetic
Calorimeter grou
Comparison of Radiation Damage in Lead Tungstate Crystals under Pion and Gamma Irradiation
Studies of the radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals produced by the
Bogoroditsk Techno-Chemical Plant in Russia and the Shanghai Institute of
Ceramics in China have been carried out at IHEP, Protvino. The crystals were
irradiated by a 40-GeV pion beam. After full recovery, the same crystals were
irradiated using a -ray source. The dose rate profiles along
the crystal length were observed to be quite similar. We compare the effects of
the two types of radiation on the crystals light output.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, Latex 2e, 28.04.04 - minor grammatical change
Correlation of Beam Electron and LED Signal Losses under Irradiation and Long-term Recovery of Lead Tungstate Crystals
Radiation damage in lead tungstate crystals reduces their transparency. The
calibration that relates the amount of light detected in such crystals to
incident energy of photons or electrons is of paramount importance to
maintaining the energy resolution the detection system. We report on tests of
lead tungstate crystals, read out by photomultiplier tubes, exposed to
irradiation by monoenergetic electron or pion beams. The beam electrons
themselves were used to measure the scintillation light output, and a blue
light emitting diode (LED) was used to track variations of crystals
transparency. We report on the correlation of the LED measurement with
radiation damage by the beams and also show that it can accurately monitor the
crystals recovery from such damage.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, LaTeX2
LED Monitoring System for the BTeV Lead Tungstate Crystal Calorimeter Prototype
We report on the performance of a monitoring system for a prototype
calorimeter for the BTeV experiment that uses Lead Tungstate crystals coupled
with photomultiplier tubes. The tests were carried out at the 70 GeV
accelerator complex at Protvino, Russia.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, LaTeX2e, revised versio
Design and performance of LED calibration system prototype for the lead tungstate crystal calorimeter
A highly stable monitoring system based on blue and red light emitting diodes
coupled to a distribution network comprised of optical fibers has been
developed for an electromagnetic calorimeter that uses lead tungstate crystals
readout with photomultiplier tubes. We report of the system prototype design
and on the results of laboratory tests. Stability better than 0.1% (r.m.s.) has
been achieved during one week of prototype operation.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, LaTeX2
Low-energy X-ray radiation after the biological shielding of electron accelerators
The bremsstrahlung of electrons from thick converters and its passage through concrete shielding of accelerators at different angles to the axis of the electron beam were calculated using GEANT4. Numerical estimates of the
residual low-energy component of X-ray radiation after passing through the biological protection were carried out
at an electron energy of up to 300 MeV. Additional reasons for the possible appearance of soft X-ray radiation
after the shielding are considered. Experimental measurements of the spectral and dosimetric characteristics were
performed by a silicon uncooled detector with the energy resolution of ~ 1 keV and spectral sensitivity in the range
5...150 keV. The comparison of the estimated dose (using the number of counts in Si detector) with indications of
dosimeters was made.Π£ GEANT4 ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π³Π°Π»ΡΠΌΡΠ²Π½Π΅ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π΅ Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΄ ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ
ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Π΄ΠΎ 300 ΠΠ΅Π. Π ΠΎΠ·Π³Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈ ΠΌ'ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π· Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ~ 1 ΠΊΠ΅Π Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π² Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ 5...150 ΠΊΠ΅Π. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ (Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΄Π»ΡΠΊΡΠ² Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ Si) Π· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ².Π GEANT4 ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· Π±Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΊΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅
ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ 300 ΠΡΠ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΡΠ³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ
Π»Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ~ 1 ΠΊΡΠ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ 5...150 ΠΊΡΠ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ (Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ΅ Si) Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²
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