575 research outputs found
A. N. Radishcev and N. M. Karamzin in the Ideological Context of βThe Captainβs Daughterβ by Π. S. Pushkin
The novel βThe Captainβs Daughterβ by A. S. Pushkin is analyzed in the context of ideological and creative dialogue with A. N. Radishchev and N. M. Karamzin. The last chapter of the novel (βJudgmentβ), in which the yearlong dispute with Pushkinβs forerunners is summarized, has become an object of scholarly investigation in this study. A hypothesis is posed that Pushkinβs novel goes back to the βteaching for king Merykaraβgenre. βThe Captainβs Daughterβ has associations with the texts directly addressed to the authorities β the novel βA Journey from St Petersburg to Moscowβ by Radishchev and βA Note on Ancient and Modern Russia in its Political and Civic Respectsβ and βThe Manifestoβ by Karamzin. A trip from βSophiaβto βChernaya gryazβis depicted in βA Journey from St Petersburg to Moscowβ, and Sophia station becomes the last point of Masha Mironovaβs odyssey in βThe Captainβs Daughterβ. Thus Pushkin unfolds a spatial as well as a semantic vector in his work. Foreseeing the doom of Radishchevβs poetry, the poet follows the example of Karamsin and outlines a program of state governance. Pushkin addresses Nicolas I through the image of Catherin II, reminding the former about the most important principles of monarchy, hereby reviving βThe Manifestoβ by Karamsin. The ideological positions of Radishchev and Karamsin are compared rather than opposed to each other in the novel, because Pushkin considers it important to mark and bring together the two poles of Russian history and culture. On the basis of numerous examples, the author of the study shows that the finale of βThe Captainβs Daughterβ contains historical allusions, which refer the readers to the tragic episodes in the history of the Russian state β the arrest and trial of Radishchev and the execution of Decembrists on July 13, 1826. These two historic events are closely bound up with the autobiographical plot which is inseparable from Radishchev and Karamsinβs fates.ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Β» Π. Π‘. ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° Ρ Π. Π. Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π. Π. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π° ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π° (Β«Π‘ΡΠ΄Β»), Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ° Ρ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π·Π° ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΆΠ°Π½ΡΡ Β«ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΒ». Π Β«ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅Β» ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π°Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, β ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠΉ Π. Π. Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π° Β«ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π° Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²ΡΒ», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Β«ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Β» ΠΈ Β«ΠΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΌΒ» Π. Π. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°. ΠΡΠ»ΠΈ Π² Β«ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ³Π° Π² ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠ²ΡΒ» ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Β«Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΒ» ΠΊ Β«Π§Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠ·ΠΈΒ», ΡΠΎ Π² Β«ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅Β» ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΡ Π‘ΠΎΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ. Π΅. ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Ρ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π²Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ Π²ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ Π·Π° ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ II ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ I, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠΌ Β«ΠΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΒ» Π. Π. ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΡΡΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ° ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅ Β«ΠΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΒ» ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π°Π»Π»ΡΠ·ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, β Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π±ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ² 13 ΠΈΡΠ»Ρ 1826 Π³. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΄Π΅Π± Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°
Latitudinal pattern in community-wide herbivory does not match the pattern in herbivory averaged across common plant species
The latitudinal herbivory hypothesis (LHH) predicts that plant losses to herbivores decrease from low to high latitudes. Although the LHH is a community-level hypothesis, it has been rarely tested with data on community-wide herbivory, i.e. the percentage of annual production of foliar biomass consumed by insects from all plant species at a given site. Therefore, we asked whether community-wide leaf herbivory follows the same latitudinal pattern as observed for an unweighted average of herbivory across common plant species. We selected 10 study sites in boreal forests from 60 to 69 degrees N along a 1,000-km long latitudinal gradient in NW Russia. We measured relative foliar losses to insect herbivores in seven woody plant species (jointly comprising over 95% of the community-wide above-ground biomass) and estimated their current-year foliar biomass. We averaged leaf herbivory for all seven species and calculated community-wide leaf herbivory by weighting the relative foliar losses of each plant species against the contribution of that species to the annual foliar biomass production. Leaf herbivory was five-fold higher in deciduous species than in conifers. Latitudinal patterns in herbivory varied from a significant poleward decrease in all deciduous species to a significant poleward increase in Norway spruce. Herbivory values, averaged across seven plant species, decreased with latitude and followed the pattern observed in deciduous plants due to their higher foliar losses compared with conifers. By contrast, community-wide herbivory did not change with latitude. This discrepancy emerged because the proportion of deciduous plant foliage in the community increased with increasing latitude, and this increase counterbalanced the simultaneous poleward decrease in losses of these species to insects. Synthesis. The herbivory measured by averaging relative losses of individual plant species and community-wide herbivory is likely to show different latitudinal patterns in various plant communities. The contributions of plant species to the total foliar biomass production should be taken into account in studies of spatial patterns of herbivory which test community-level hypotheses. This approach may provide new insight into macroecological research on biotic interactions and improve our understanding of the role of insect herbivores in ecosystem-level processes
On Certain Spatial Patterns in Perm Region Microtoponymy
The relevance of the work is determined by the analysis of microtoponymy of the Perm Region, which is poorly studied. The language models of spatial relations expression on the material of Perm toponymy are considered for the first time. The author dwells on the characteristics of the spatial model of proximity / remoteness in toponymic system of Perm Region. The article determines the main indicators of proximity / remoteness of geographical object from the settlement, these indicators are the attributes Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ / Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ , as well as their partial synonyms ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ / ΡΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ, ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΉ . It is noted that the idea of remoteness can be expressed indirectly, with the help of attributes of non-spatial nature: Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΉ , Π³Π»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΉ , Π±Π΅Π΄Π½ΡΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ / ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ , Π½Π°Π·ΡΠΌΠ½ΡΠΉ , ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ . The paper also analyzes geographical terms that are the parts of microtoponyms that can have the semantics of remoteness. As a rule, these terms are related to slash-and-burn farming system. The author also describes microtoponyms expressing the idea of spatial proximity by means of adjectives formed from the names of settlements and by means of prepositional-case constructions. It is concluded that in the Perm microtoponymy there are the same spatial patterns that exist in other toponymic systems, but some of them are specific
ΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΜ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Β«ΠΠΠ Π₯/ΠΠΠΒ» Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ―
The relevance of the work is due to the appeal to the analysis of microtoponymy of Perm region, what is not deeply explored. The paper discusses language models for the expression of spatial relationships on the basis of the Permian toponymy. The author dwells on the characteristics of the spatial model Β«top / bottomΒ». The article defines the main indicators of the location of the object on a vertical line. These indicators most often become the definition of top (Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ) / bottom (Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΈΜ), high (Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΈΜ) / low (Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΈΜ). The spatial model "top / bottom" can be implemented using prepositional case constructions that include prepositions Π²ΡΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, Π½Π°Π΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄. The idea of the location above / below the ground plane is also reflected in microtoponyms, which include geographic terms that call positive and negative objects of relief. One of the ways to reflect the position of an object in space is metaphorical names, which in Perm microtoponymy most often refer to elevations.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°. Π ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Β«Π²Π΅ΡΡ
/Π½ΠΈΠ·Β». Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ/Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΈΜ, Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΈΜ/Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΈΜ. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Β«Π²Π΅ΡΡ
/Π½ΠΈΠ·Β» ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈΜ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, Π½Π°Π΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄. ΠΠ΄Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΡΠ΅/Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡ, Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
Π²Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΜ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π Π Π£Π‘Π‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ₯ Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ―
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
Π°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π Π Π£Π‘Π‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ₯ Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ―
Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
Π°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°
ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ« ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π Π Π£Π‘Π‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ₯ Π ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ―
The article deals with geographical terms related to fieldwork. The analysis of the presented data indicates that in Permian dialects and microtoponymy of the Perm Krai the vocabulary of field cultivation is well preserved. A large number of words relating to ancient systems of farming, indicates a long-term preservation of archaic methods of cultivating land in the Perm Region. Geographical terms, analyzed in the article, show the connection between the vocabulary of Permian and North-Russian dialects and the interaction of Russian and Komi-Permian language in the territory of the Perm region.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ° Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΡ
Π°ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ°
Orbitally induced hierarchy of exchange interactions in zigzag antiferromagnetic state of honeycomb silver delafossite Ag3Co2SbO6
We report the revised crystal structure, static and dynamic magnetic
properties of quasi-two dimensional honeycomb-lattice silver delafossite
Ag3Co2SbO6. The magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data are consistent
with the onset of antiferromagnetic long range order at low temperatures with
N\'eel temperature TN ~ 21.2 K. In addition, the magnetization curves revealed
a field-induced (spin-flop type) transition below TN in moderate magnetic
fields. The GGA+U calculations show the importance of the orbital degrees of
freedom, which maintain a hierarchy of exchange interaction in the system. The
strongest antiferromagnetic exchange coupling was found in the shortest Co-Co
pairs and is due to direct and superexchange interactions between the
half-filled xz+yz orbitals pointing directly to each other. The other four out
of six nearest neighbor exchanges within the cobalt hexagon are suppressed,
since for these bonds active half-filled orbitals turned out to be parallel and
do not overlap. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra reveal a Gaussian
shape line attributed to Co2+ ion in octahedral coordination with average
effective g-factor g=2.3+/-0.1 at room temperature and shows strong divergence
of ESR parameters below 120 K, which imply an extended region of short-range
correlations. Based on the results of magnetic and thermodynamic studies in
applied fields, we propose the magnetic phase diagram for the new
honeycomb-lattice delafossite
Vascular plants on the islands and peninsulas of Maloe More (Lake Baikal) : patterns of diversity and species turnover
Π£ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ
Purpose of the paper is to reveal optimization of parameters concerning arrangement of cameras relative to an object model in 3DStudioMAX for the subsequent formation of iridescent hologram. The paper gives the main regularities and principles of camera arrangement relative to a computer model with the purpose to obtain a qualitative 3D hologram image.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² 3D StudioMAX Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅
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