575 research outputs found

    A. N. Radishcev and N. M. Karamzin in the Ideological Context of β€œThe Captain’s Daughter” by А. S. Pushkin

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    The novel β€œThe Captain’s Daughter” by A. S. Pushkin is analyzed in the context of ideological and creative dialogue with A. N. Radishchev and N. M. Karamzin. The last chapter of the novel (β€˜Judgment’), in which the yearlong dispute with Pushkin’s forerunners is summarized, has become an object of scholarly investigation in this study. A hypothesis is posed that Pushkin’s novel goes back to the β€˜teaching for king Merykara’genre. β€œThe Captain’s Daughter” has associations with the texts directly addressed to the authorities – the novel β€œA Journey from St Petersburg to Moscow” by Radishchev and β€œA Note on Ancient and Modern Russia in its Political and Civic Respects” and β€œThe Manifesto” by Karamzin. A trip from β€˜Sophia’to β€˜Chernaya gryaz’is depicted in β€œA Journey from St Petersburg to Moscow”, and Sophia station becomes the last point of Masha Mironova’s odyssey in β€œThe Captain’s Daughter”. Thus Pushkin unfolds a spatial as well as a semantic vector in his work. Foreseeing the doom of Radishchev’s poetry, the poet follows the example of Karamsin and outlines a program of state governance. Pushkin addresses Nicolas I through the image of Catherin II, reminding the former about the most important principles of monarchy, hereby reviving β€œThe Manifesto” by Karamsin. The ideological positions of Radishchev and Karamsin are compared rather than opposed to each other in the novel, because Pushkin considers it important to mark and bring together the two poles of Russian history and culture. On the basis of numerous examples, the author of the study shows that the finale of β€œThe Captain’s Daughter” contains historical allusions, which refer the readers to the tragic episodes in the history of the Russian state – the arrest and trial of Radishchev and the execution of Decembrists on July 13, 1826. These two historic events are closely bound up with the autobiographical plot which is inseparable from Radishchev and Karamsin’s fates.Π’ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ Β«ΠšΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ°Β» А. Π‘. ΠŸΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° рассмотрСна Π² контСкстС ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ творчСского Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π° с А. Н. Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ Н. М. ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ. ΠžΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ внимания стала послСдняя Π³Π»Π°Π²Π° ΠΏΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π° (Β«Π‘ΡƒΠ΄Β»), Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ спора с Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. Π’ исслСдовании Π²Ρ‹Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚Π° Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π° ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ€ ΠΏΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π° восходит ΠΊ ΠΆΠ°Π½Ρ€Ρƒ «поучСния царям». Π’ Β«ΠšΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅Β» обнаруТиваСтся связь с тСкстами, нСпосрСдствСнно адрСсованными ΠΊ власти, – ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠΉ А. Н. Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π° Β«ΠŸΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ· ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π° Π² ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²ΡƒΒ», Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ «Запиской ΠΎ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ России Π² Π΅Π΅ политичСском ΠΈ граТданском ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ…Β» ΠΈ Β«ΠœΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ„Π΅ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΒ» Н. М. ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°. Если Π² Β«ΠŸΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΡˆΠ΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΠŸΠ΅Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π±ΡƒΡ€Π³Π° Π² ΠœΠΎΡΠΊΠ²ΡƒΒ» ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ Β«Π‘ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠΈΒ» ΠΊ Β«Π§Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ грязи», Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Β«ΠšΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠ΅Β» станция Бофия станСт послСдним ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠΌ скитаний Маши ΠœΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ, Ρ‚. Π΅. ΠŸΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈΠ½ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Ρ€Π½Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ пространствСнный, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ смысловой Π²Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ своСго произвСдСния. Осознавая ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ радищСвской ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ, поэт ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚ вслСд Π·Π° ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ создаСт ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π΅Ρ† ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹ государствСнного правлСния. Π§Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π· Π•ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‹ II ΠŸΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈΠ½ обращаСтся ΠΊ Николаю I, напоминая послСднСму ΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°Ρ… царствования ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΊΡ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°Ρ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ самым Β«ΠœΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ„Π΅ΡΡ‚Β» Н. М. ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π’ Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π° Π½Π΅ ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ противопоставлСны, сколько сопоставлСны Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ для ΠŸΡƒΡˆΠΊΠΈΠ½Π° Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ собой Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… полюса русской истории ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹. На многочислСнных ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ исслСдования ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Ρ„ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»Π΅ Β«ΠšΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈΒ» ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ историчСскиС аллюзии, ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡ‹Π»Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ читатСля ΠΊ трагичСским эпизодам истории государства Российского, – арСсту ΠΈ суду Π½Π°Π΄ Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈ дСкабристов 13 июля 1826 Π³. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ Π΄Π²Π° историчСских события тСсно ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΏΠ»Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π½Ρ‹ с автобиографичСским ΡΡŽΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΡ‚ судСб Π Π°Π΄ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠšΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ·ΠΈΠ½Π°

    Latitudinal pattern in community-wide herbivory does not match the pattern in herbivory averaged across common plant species

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    The latitudinal herbivory hypothesis (LHH) predicts that plant losses to herbivores decrease from low to high latitudes. Although the LHH is a community-level hypothesis, it has been rarely tested with data on community-wide herbivory, i.e. the percentage of annual production of foliar biomass consumed by insects from all plant species at a given site. Therefore, we asked whether community-wide leaf herbivory follows the same latitudinal pattern as observed for an unweighted average of herbivory across common plant species. We selected 10 study sites in boreal forests from 60 to 69 degrees N along a 1,000-km long latitudinal gradient in NW Russia. We measured relative foliar losses to insect herbivores in seven woody plant species (jointly comprising over 95% of the community-wide above-ground biomass) and estimated their current-year foliar biomass. We averaged leaf herbivory for all seven species and calculated community-wide leaf herbivory by weighting the relative foliar losses of each plant species against the contribution of that species to the annual foliar biomass production. Leaf herbivory was five-fold higher in deciduous species than in conifers. Latitudinal patterns in herbivory varied from a significant poleward decrease in all deciduous species to a significant poleward increase in Norway spruce. Herbivory values, averaged across seven plant species, decreased with latitude and followed the pattern observed in deciduous plants due to their higher foliar losses compared with conifers. By contrast, community-wide herbivory did not change with latitude. This discrepancy emerged because the proportion of deciduous plant foliage in the community increased with increasing latitude, and this increase counterbalanced the simultaneous poleward decrease in losses of these species to insects. Synthesis. The herbivory measured by averaging relative losses of individual plant species and community-wide herbivory is likely to show different latitudinal patterns in various plant communities. The contributions of plant species to the total foliar biomass production should be taken into account in studies of spatial patterns of herbivory which test community-level hypotheses. This approach may provide new insight into macroecological research on biotic interactions and improve our understanding of the role of insect herbivores in ecosystem-level processes

    On Certain Spatial Patterns in Perm Region Microtoponymy

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    The relevance of the work is determined by the analysis of microtoponymy of the Perm Region, which is poorly studied. The language models of spatial relations expression on the material of Perm toponymy are considered for the first time. The author dwells on the characteristics of the spatial model of proximity / remoteness in toponymic system of Perm Region. The article determines the main indicators of proximity / remoteness of geographical object from the settlement, these indicators are the attributes дальний / Π±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΉ , as well as their partial synonyms ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ / ΡƒΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ, ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ . It is noted that the idea of remoteness can be expressed indirectly, with the help of attributes of non-spatial nature: Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈΠΉ , Π³Π»ΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠΉ , бСдняцкий / ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ€Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ , Π½Π°Π·Ρ‘ΠΌΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ , поповский . The paper also analyzes geographical terms that are the parts of microtoponyms that can have the semantics of remoteness. As a rule, these terms are related to slash-and-burn farming system. The author also describes microtoponyms expressing the idea of spatial proximity by means of adjectives formed from the names of settlements and by means of prepositional-case constructions. It is concluded that in the Perm microtoponymy there are the same spatial patterns that exist in other toponymic systems, but some of them are specific

    ΠžΠ’Π ΠΠ–Π•ΠΠ˜Π• ΠŸΠ ΠžΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘Π’Π’Π•ΠΠΠžΠ˜Μ† ΠœΠžΠ”Π•Π›Π˜ Β«Π’Π•Π Π₯/ΠΠ˜Π—Β» Π’ МИКРОВОПОНИМИИ ΠŸΠ•Π ΠœΠ‘ΠšΠžΠ“Πž КРАЯ

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    The relevance of the work is due to the appeal to the analysis of microtoponymy of Perm region, what is not deeply explored. The paper discusses language models for the expression of spatial relationships on the basis of the Permian toponymy. The author dwells on the characteristics of the spatial model Β«top / bottomΒ». The article defines the main indicators of the location of the object on a vertical line. These indicators most often become the definition of top (Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ†) / bottom (Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΈΜ†), high (высокий) / low (Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΈΜ†). The spatial model "top / bottom" can be implemented using prepositional case constructions that include prepositions Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, Π½Π°Π΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄. The idea of the location above / below the ground plane is also reflected in microtoponyms, which include geographic terms that call positive and negative objects of relief. One of the ways to reflect the position of an object in space is metaphorical names, which in Perm microtoponymy most often refer to elevations.ΠΠΊΡ‚ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹ обусловлСна ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Ρƒ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края, которая ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π°. Π’ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ языковыС ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ выраТСния пространствСнных ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ† Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ пСрмской Ρ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ. Автор останавливаСтся Π½Π° характСристикС пространствСнной ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Β«Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…/Π½ΠΈΠ·Β». Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ основныС ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ располоТСния ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΏΠΎ Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΈΜ† Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈ показатСлями Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ всСго становятся опрСдСлСния Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΠΈΜ†/Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΈΜ†, высокий/Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΈΜ†. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΡ‚Π²Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ модСль Β«Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…/Π½ΠΈΠ·Β» ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… конструкций, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ входят ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, Π½Π°Π΄, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄. ИдСю располоТСния Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅/Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅ плоскости Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡ‹, Π² состав ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… входят гСографичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ†Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ΅Ρ„Π°. Одним ΠΈΠ· способов отраТСния полоТСния ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π² пространствС становятся мСтафоричСскиС названия, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π² пСрмской ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ Ρ‡Π°Ρ‰Π΅ всСго относятся ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡΠΌ

    ΠΠΠ ΠžΠ”ΠΠ«Π• Π’Π•Π ΠœΠ˜ΠΠ« Π—Π•ΠœΠ›Π•Π”Π•Π›Π˜Π― Π’ РУББКИΠ₯ Π“ΠžΠ’ΠžΠ ΠΠ₯ И МИКРОВОПОНИМИИ ΠŸΠ•Π ΠœΠ‘ΠšΠžΠ“Πž КРАЯ

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    Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ гСографичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, связанныС с Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Анализ прСдставлСнных ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ сохраняСтся эта лСксика. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠ΅ количСство слов, относящихся ΠΊ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ систСмам зСмлСдСлия, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ сохранСнии архаичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края. ГСографичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ лСксикой пСрмских ΠΈ сСвСрно-русских Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ взаимодСйствиС русских Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈ-пСрмяцкого языка

    ΠΠΠ ΠžΠ”ΠΠ«Π• Π’Π•Π ΠœΠ˜ΠΠ« Π—Π•ΠœΠ›Π•Π”Π•Π›Π˜Π― Π’ РУББКИΠ₯ Π“ΠžΠ’ΠžΠ ΠΠ₯ И МИКРОВОПОНИМИИ ΠŸΠ•Π ΠœΠ‘ΠšΠžΠ“Πž КРАЯ

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    Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ гСографичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, связанныС с Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Анализ прСдставлСнных ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ сохраняСтся эта лСксика. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠ΅ количСство слов, относящихся ΠΊ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ систСмам зСмлСдСлия, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ сохранСнии архаичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края. ГСографичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ лСксикой пСрмских ΠΈ сСвСрно-русских Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ взаимодСйствиС русских Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈ-пСрмяцкого языка

    ΠΠΠ ΠžΠ”ΠΠ«Π• Π’Π•Π ΠœΠ˜ΠΠ« Π—Π•ΠœΠ›Π•Π”Π•Π›Π˜Π― Π’ РУББКИΠ₯ Π“ΠžΠ’ΠžΠ ΠΠ₯ И МИКРОВОПОНИМИИ ΠŸΠ•Π ΠœΠ‘ΠšΠžΠ“Πž КРАЯ

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    The article deals with geographical terms related to fieldwork. The analysis of the presented data indicates that in Permian dialects and microtoponymy of the Perm Krai the vocabulary of field cultivation is well preserved. A large number of words relating to ancient systems of farming, indicates a long-term preservation of archaic methods of cultivating land in the Perm Region. Geographical terms, analyzed in the article, show the connection between the vocabulary of Permian and North-Russian dialects and the interaction of Russian and Komi-Permian language in the territory of the Perm region.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ гСографичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, связанныС с Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Анализ прСдставлСнных ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠΎ сохраняСтся эта лСксика. Π‘ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΎΠ΅ количСство слов, относящихся ΠΊ Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌ систСмам зСмлСдСлия, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠΌ сохранСнии архаичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края. ГСографичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΌΠΈΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ связь ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ лСксикой пСрмских ΠΈ сСвСрно-русских Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ², Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ взаимодСйствиС русских Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠŸΠ΅Ρ€ΠΌΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ края ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈ-пСрмяцкого языка

    Orbitally induced hierarchy of exchange interactions in zigzag antiferromagnetic state of honeycomb silver delafossite Ag3Co2SbO6

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    We report the revised crystal structure, static and dynamic magnetic properties of quasi-two dimensional honeycomb-lattice silver delafossite Ag3Co2SbO6. The magnetic susceptibility and specific heat data are consistent with the onset of antiferromagnetic long range order at low temperatures with N\'eel temperature TN ~ 21.2 K. In addition, the magnetization curves revealed a field-induced (spin-flop type) transition below TN in moderate magnetic fields. The GGA+U calculations show the importance of the orbital degrees of freedom, which maintain a hierarchy of exchange interaction in the system. The strongest antiferromagnetic exchange coupling was found in the shortest Co-Co pairs and is due to direct and superexchange interactions between the half-filled xz+yz orbitals pointing directly to each other. The other four out of six nearest neighbor exchanges within the cobalt hexagon are suppressed, since for these bonds active half-filled orbitals turned out to be parallel and do not overlap. The electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra reveal a Gaussian shape line attributed to Co2+ ion in octahedral coordination with average effective g-factor g=2.3+/-0.1 at room temperature and shows strong divergence of ESR parameters below 120 K, which imply an extended region of short-range correlations. Based on the results of magnetic and thermodynamic studies in applied fields, we propose the magnetic phase diagram for the new honeycomb-lattice delafossite

    Условия формирования Ρ€Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ΅Ρ„Π° Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹

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    Purpose of the paper is to reveal optimization of parameters concerning arrangement of cameras relative to an object model in 3DStudioMAX for the subsequent formation of iridescent hologram. The paper gives the main regularities and principles of camera arrangement relative to a computer model with the purpose to obtain a qualitative 3D hologram image.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π° посвящСна ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ² размСщСния ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΠ΅ΠΊΡ‚Π° Π² 3D StudioMAX для ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ формирования Ρ€Π°Π΄ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚ΡΡ основныС закономСрности ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΡ‹ размСщСния ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡŒΡŽΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ с Ρ†Π΅Π»ΡŒΡŽ получСния качСствСнного объСмного изобраТСния Π½Π° Π³ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ΅
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