Perception of Dynamic Social and Non-social Stimuli in Preterm and Full-term Children: Neurocognitive Correlates in Early Childhood

Preterm birth is the leading cause of newborn deaths in almost all countries around the world. Whilst survivors encounter severe motor, cognitive and behavioral impairments during infancy or later in their lives, the studies of the recent years have demonstrated that the social development serving a basis for learning and cognition of the environment in human infants can be severely affected even in normally developing preterm born children (gestational age < 37 weeks). The current article presents a discussion on the behavioral as well as the neuroimaging aspects of the social maturation in preterm and full-term children, depicting complexity of theimpairments and focusing on the involved brain structures. Further, authors perform the design of the longitudinal study of social and non-social perception in early childhood, implemented on the base of the Laboratory for Brain and Neurocognitive Development (Ural Federal University). Keywords: prematurity, social development, early childhood, neurocognitive correlate

Effect of six-month hypokinesia in dogs on mineral component, reconstruction and mechanical properties of bone tissue

Ca45 incorporation into the bones of the limbs, particularly in the area of the muscle attachment increased in dogs as a result of 6 month hypokinesia. There were no phenomena of osteoporosis in the cortical layer of the diaphyses; however, changes in the form of osteons, an increase in the number of anastomoses between the channels and the thinning of the subperiosteal layer pointed to disturbances of the bone tissue reconstruction. Mineral saturation of the bone microstructures of the experimental dogs had a tendency to rise. No changes in the mechanical properties of the long bones occurred as a result of hypokinesia in dogs

ЛОГІКА ВПЛИВУ НЕМОНЕТАРНИХ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ СИГНАЛІВ США НА НАДЛИШКОВУ ДОХІДНІСТЬ РИНКУ АКЦІЙ УКРАЇНИ

The research was conducted to assess the changes in the excess return of Ukrainian stock market (using the example of the representative stock index PFTS) on the informational content of such major non-monetary signals of the USA as “Consumer Price Index”, “Personal Spending”, “Unemployment Rate”, “Gross Domestic Product”, “Industrial Production”, “Consumer Confidence” and “Housing Starts” on the basis of daily data for 2000—2017 (number of observations — 4436). We used the toolkit of vector autoregressive modelling to determine the sources of Ukrainian stock index PFTS response to the US non-monetary information signals, which is based on the decomposition of changes in stock market excess return through the channels of economic transmission (“expected future dividends”, “real interest rate” and “risk premium”) and takes into account the unexpected values of the informational context of selected non-monetary signals. Target time series are stationary according to the KPSS and ADF criteria. The results show that four of the six selected non-monetary information signals of the USA do not have a significant effect on the response of endogenous variables of econometric model. The existence of significant direct influence of US non-monetary informational signals “Personal Spending” and “Consumer Confidence” on the response of the excess return of Ukrainian stock index PFTS has been established. It is substantiated that the actual and forecast state of the USA national economy is considered by the participants of the local stock markets, in particular in Ukraine, as one of the most important sources of macroeconomic information while making strategic and tactical investment decisions. Thus, the increasing importance of the component of “surprise” of such non-monetary information signals of the USA is considered as “positive” news for the domestic stock market by investors, which increases the excess return of the stock index PFTS.Проведено исследование по оценке изменений избыточной доходности украинского рынка акций (на примере репрезентативного фондового индекса PFTS) на информационное содержание немонетарных сигналов США на основе ежедневных данных за 2000—2017 гг. Использован инструментарий векторного авторегрессионного моделирования для определения источников реакции фондового индекса PFTS, основанный на декомпозиции изменений избыточной доходности рынка акций. Установлено наличие значительного прямого влияния немонетарных информационных сигналов США «Personal Spending» и «Consumer Confidence» на реакцию избыточной доходности фондового индекса PFTS. Таким образом, рост значения компоненты «неожиданность» по таким немонетарным информационным сигналам США рассматривается инвесторами как «позитивная» новость, которая увеличивает избыточную доходность фондового индекса PFTS.Проведено дослідження щодо оцінювання змін надлишкової доходності українського ринку акцій (на прикладі репрезентативного фондового індексу PFTS) на інформаційний зміст таких основних немонетарних сигналів США, як «Consumer Price Index», «Personal Spending», «Unemployment Rate», «Gross Domestic Product», «Industrial Production», «Consumer Confidence» та «Housing Starts» на основі щоденних даних за 2000—2017 рр. (кількість спостережень — 4 436). Використано інструментарій векторного авторегресійного моделювання для визначення джерел реакції українського фондового індексу PFTS на немонетарні інформаційні сигнали США, що ґрунтується на декомпозиції змін надлишкової дохідності ринку акцій через канали економічної трансмісії («очікувані майбутні дивіденди», «реальна відсоткова ставка» і «премія за ризик») та враховує неочікувані значення інформаційного контексту відібраних немонетарних сигналів. Цільові часові ряди є стаціонарними відповідно до критеріїв KPSS та ADF. Отримані результати свідчать, що чотири із шести відібраних немонетарних інформаційних сигналів США не мають суттєвого впливу на реакцію ендогенних змінних економетричної моделі. Установлено наявність значного прямого впливу немонетарних інформаційних сигналів США «Personal Spending» і «Consumer Confidence» на реакцію надлишкової дохідності українського фондового індексу PFTS. Обґрунтовано, що фактичний і прогнозний стани національної економіки США розглядається учасниками локальних ринків акцій, зокрема України, як одне з найважливіших джерел макроекономічної інформації при ухваленні стратегічних і тактичних інвестиційних рішень. Таким чином, зростання значення компоненти «несподіванки» за такими немонетарними інформаційними сигналами США розглядається інвесторами як «позитивна» новина для вітчизняного ринку акцій, яка збільшує надлишкову дохідність фондового індексу PFTS

LPDs – «Linked to penumbra» discharges or EEG correlate of excitotoxicity: A review based hypothesis

Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs) or lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) are a well-known variant of pathological EEG activity. However, the mechanisms underpinning the appearance of this pattern are not completely understood. The heterogeneity of the features derived from LPDs patterns, and the wide range of pathological conditions in which they occur, raise a question about the unifying mechanisms underlying these phenomena. This paper reassesses the current opinion surrounding LPDs which considers glutamate excitotoxicity to be the primary pathophysiological basis, and the penumbral region to be the main morphological substrate. Arguments in favour of this hypothesis are presented, with interpretations supported by evidence from recent literature involving clinical and experimental data. Presently, no single hypothesis places considerable emphasis on the pathochemical properties of LPDs, which are implicitly meaningful towards better understanding of the clinical significance of this pattern. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation [grant number 16-18-10371 ]

Regulation of Cross-Border Insolvency in the EAEU Law

In the context of the development and expansion of the Eurasian Economic Union, the dynamically developing system of integration relations in the Eurasian space on the one hand, and the collapse of Russia’s economic integration in the European Union, the regulation of the institution of cross-border bankruptcy in the law of the EAEU are becoming particularly relevant and require urgent consideration of the issues of legal regulation of insolvency (bankruptcy) with a foreign element in the territory of the EAEU.Aim. To reveal the main problems of legal regulation of cross-border insolvency in the Eurasian region.Tasks. It is proposed to consider models of regulation of cross-border insolvency on the example of Regulation of the European Union No. 2015/848 of 20.05.2015. on insolvency proceedings and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross-Border Insolvency, to analyze the relevance of the considered sources of law, to present the main elements of the concept of development of regulation of cross-border insolvency in the EAEU.Methods. The methodological basis of the research is based on a systematic approach and general scientific methods of retrospective analysis, comparative analysis, induction and deduction, generalization, grouping of information, comparative legal analysis of international law in the field of cross-border insolvency.Results. The proposed approach by studying the established international practice of regulating insolvency cases with a foreign element, comparing the bankruptcy legislation of the EAEU countries, trends in the current international economic and political situation will solve the problems of forming sources of legal regulation of cross-border bankruptcies in the territory of the EAEU countries, the creation of the Eurasian Institute of Cross-Border Insolvency of a mixed model for the exequatur recognition of bankruptcies with a foreign element on the model of the UNCITRAL Model Law on CrossBorder Insolvency of 1997, with the procedure for determining international jurisdiction and applicable law - on the model of Regulation of the European Union No. 2015/848 of 20.05.2015.Conclusion. The presence of clear, transparent, acts regulating cross-border bankruptcies on the territory of the EAEU as a whole, and not within the framework of local phenomena of individual insolvency proceedings with a foreign element on the territory of individual member states of the integration association is a guarantee of investor confidence, as a result — the spread of foreign direct investment, the opening of capital markets, the creation of supply chains and contractual networks, the creation and development of multinational enterprises, economic growth in the countries of the association, as well as the growth of the attractiveness of the EAEU for new member countries with a positive assessment of the prospects in case of accession

Index insurance as a tool to improve the Russian system of insuring risks of agricultural organizations with state support

The Russian system of insuring risks of agricultural organizations requires a qualitative restructuring based on the increased responsibility of insurers and state participation. Low rates of developing the system of insuring risks of agricultural organizations with state support require seeking for new forms of insurance in the current conditions. The article points out that the use of the index insurance is currently one of the priority directions for the development of the country's agribusiness in general. An algorithm for creating an index insurance service is presented, the purpose of which is to substantiate the possibility of applying index insurance under the conditions of risky farming. A comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of index insurance of the regional grain crops and insurance of grain crops with state support was conducted. It was concluded that the use of index insurance could be useful for other regions that were identical to Kalmykia in terms of natural and climatic environment. The theoretical results obtained by the author can be considered as one of the priority directions for the development of the theoretical and methodological toolkit for insuring risks of agricultural organizations, can become a theoretical and empirical factual foundation for the formation of scientific grounds for regional economic policy in relation to agricultural organizations based on coordinating the interests of the triad of participants: state authorities, agricultural organizations, insurance organizations, as well as program forecasting and project developments.peer-reviewe

Morphofunctional aspects of bone tissue at osteoporosis

At exploration of morphofunctional features of bone tissue at osteoporosis it was founded that the decreasing of total area of solid substance in bone tissue took place. In cancellous substance bone plates became perforated and thin, collapsed, forming large cavities. Trabecular lattice system became thin and partially interrupted. Trabeculae became thin, distance between them increased. Key words: osteoporosis, bone tissue, bone fracture, old ag

New phenomena in the clinical and morphological aspects of osteoporosis

The aim of this study is to compare the biochemical indexes of phosphorus-calcium (Ca) metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome of 1–5 stages, associated with osteoporosis with morphological picture of bone tissue. Results: The results of the study of biochemical indexes of phosphorus-calcium (Ca) metabolism in patients with metabolic syndrome associated with osteoporosis were presented in the articl

ТОЛЕРАНТНОСТЬ В КУЛЬТУРЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article builds the new model of tolerance in the culture of education according to the principles of free study. This model is based on the applied philosophy of Hessen. The culture of education assumes the individual cultural space of each person. The tolerance significance is revealed by means of Chupakhin’s meaning-making algorithm and Pavlova’s Vista culture needs and possibilities. The tolerance is based on the UNESCO Declaration and the preamble of the UN Charter. The authors define the axiomatic borders of tolerance by means of the ontology-based features of life mode, gnoseology and anthropological research methods of human origin. The paper estimates the significance of tolerance in educational culture within social, conceptual, spiritual and valuable parts of the human requirements. The tolerance potential is the key ethical principle of civil society that prevents from violence. Otherwise, tolerance does not belong to the culture when the anger condonation and invasion to the freedom and human merits are observed. The authors regard the meaning of perfect tolerance as the activity of moral, socio-political, ethno-cultural, economic and technological development of world society that has features of law, stability, freedom and patience. The Federal State Educational Standards of higher education highlight the following general cultural competencies of tolerant personality: the social culture implies adoption and conformation to the social laws and social mobility of the subject; the conceptual culture implies cognition process in grasping new knowledge and skills; the moral culture assumes cognition and preservation of moral values, self-identification of the subject’s consciousness and the adaptation in new environment; the According to the federal educational standards of higher education identified by the following general cultural competences formation of tolerant personality: social culture - the adoption and adherence to the laws of society, social mobility entity ; in conceptual culture - cognitive processes in general educational enrichment of new knowledge and skills; in spiritual culture - the knowledge and preservation of cultural values, self-identification and self-awareness of the subject of adaptation in the new social environment; the cultural items are the material support of a subject, foundation and usage of general material benefits included into the cultural competencies.В статье в соответствии с педагогической концепцией как прикладной философией С. И. Гессена на принципах свободы обучения осуществлено построение новой модели толерантности в культуре образования. Культура образования как процесс есть пространство построения индивидуального культурного мира каждого отдельного человека. Смысл толерантности раскрывается с помощью алгоритма смыслообразования Н. П. Чупахина в области знания в обобщенном пространстве Vista культуры потребностей и возможностей В. Д. Павловой. Аксиоматической основой толерантности являются Декларация ЮНЕСКО и Преамбула Устава ООН. С помощью онтологических особенностей быта, гносеологических законов теории познания, антропологических методов исследования происхождения и развития человека определяются аксиоматические пределы толерантности в целом, а в рамках социальной, понятийной, духовной и материальной составляющих культуры потребностей и возможностей находится смысл толерантности в культуре образования. Потенциал толерантности, актуализированный объектом культуры образования, является ключевым нравственным принципом гражданского общества, закрывающим путь произволу и насилию. В противном случае при попустительстве злу и посягательствам на свободу и нравственное достоинство человека толерантность не является признаком этой культуры. Высшим смыслом совершенной толерантности можно определить лишь созидательный путь духовно-нравственного, социально-политического, этнокультурного, экономического и научно-технического развития мирового общества, которое обладает гармоничным сочетанием законности, прочности, свободы и терпимости. Согласно федеральным образовательным стандартам высшего профессионального образования выделены следующие общекультурные компетенции формирования толерантной личности: в социальной культуре - принятие и следование законам социума, социальная мобильность субъекта; в понятийной культуре - когнитивные процессы в обогащении общеобразовательными новыми знаниями и способностями; в духовной культуре - познание и сохранение духовных ценностей, самоидентификация самосознания субъекта и адаптация в условиях новой социальной среды; в материальной культуре - материальное обеспечение субъекта, создание и использование общедоступных материальных благ, входящих в понятие всех культурных компетенций