Generation of a superposition of multiple mesoscopic states of radiation in a resonant cavity

Using resonant interaction between atoms and the field in a high quality cavity, we show how to generate a superposition of many mesoscopic states of the field. We study the quasi-probability distributions and demonstrate the nonclassicality of the superposition in terms of the zeroes of the Q-function as well as the negativity of the Wigner function. We discuss the decoherence of the generated superposition state. We propose homodyne techniques of the type developed by Auffeves et al [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 230405 (2003)] to monitor the superposition of many mesoscopic states.Comment: submitted to Phys. Rev.

A Review on Beneficiation Prospect of Some of the Graphite Deposits of Palamu District of Bihar

Graphite constitutes one of the important minerals for the manufacture of special types of refractory materials. In nature it occurs both in crystalline as well as amorphous forms. It is reported to occur in almost every State of India. In Bihar economic deposits of graphite are confined to the district of Palamu only with some minor occurences in Monghyr and Ranchi districts. G.S.I has located some important workable deposits whose estimated total reserves amount to about 16 lakhs tonnes upto 20 meters depth. These depsits are poorer in grade but sometimes the fixed carbon content is of the order of 50% F.C. A few customary processing plants have also been put up by some private parties

Higher order antibunching is not a rare phenomenon

Since the introduction of higher order nonclassical effects, higher order squeezing has been reported in a number of different physical systems but higher order antibunching is predicted only in three particular cases. In the present work, we have shown that the higher order antibunching is not a rare phenomenon rather it can be seen in many simple optical processes. To establish our claim, we have shown it in six wave mixing process, four wave mixing process and in second harmonic generation process.Comment: 6 pages, no figure, Latex 2

Runoff measurements from small agricultural watersheds

For planning and execution of soil and water conservation works, the watershed is a recognized unit. The watershed is an independent hydrologic unit and as such measures like runoff collection and recycling soil loss control provision of grass waterways, etc. are planned on a watershed basis..

Direct Measurements of Field-Induced Adiabatic Temperature Changes Near Compound Phase Transitions in Ni–Mn–In Based Heusler Alloys

The adiabatic temperature changes (ΔTad) in the vicinity of the Curie and martensitic transition temperatures of Ni50Mn35In15 and Ni50Mn35In14Z (Z = Al and Ge) Heusler alloys have been studied using an adiabatic magnetocalorimeter of 250–350 K temperature interval for applied magnetic field changes up to ΔH = 1.8 T. The largest measured changes were ΔTad = −2 and 2 K near the martensitic (first-order) and ferromagnetic (second-order) transitions for ΔH = 1.8 T, respectively. It was observed that |ΔTad| ≈ 1 K for relatively small field changes (ΔH = 1 T) for both types of transitions. The results indicate that these materials should be further explored as potential working materials in magnetic refrigeration applications

Use of Satellite Data for Watershed Management and Impact Assessment

Over-exploitation of natural resources for meeting the increasing demand for food, fuel, and fiber of the ever growing population has led to environmental degradation and calls for their optimal utilization based on their potential and limitations. Information on the nature, extent, and spatial distribution of natural resources is essential. Spaceborne multispectral measurements made at regular intervals hold immense potential of providing such information in a timely and cost-effective manner, and facilitate studying dynamic phenomenon. The geographic information system (GIS) provides an ideal environment for integration of information on natural resources with the ancillary information for generating derivative information which is useful in decision making. The study was taken up to generate the action plan for land and water resources development and to monitor the progress of its implementation in the Adarsha watershed, Kothapally, Ranga Reddy district, Andhra Pradesh, India. The approach involves generation of thematic maps on various natural resources through a systematic visual interpretation of satellite data, integration of such data with the ancillary information and generation of action plan in the GIS environment, and monitoring vegetation development as a sequel to implementation of action plan by generating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS- 1C/-1D) Linear Imaging Self-scanning Sensor (LISS-III) data. Soil erosion by water is the major land degradation process operating in the watershed. There has been an improvement in the vegetation cover owing to implementation of various soil and water conservation measures, which is reflected in the NDVI images of pre- and post-implementation period