The activity approach as a part of a socializing process in adaptive sports activities

The study and development of the socialization process is a topical problem for science and practice nowadays. The authors present in the article the analysis results of the activity approach as a part of the socializing process in adaptive sports activities. The material is addressed to the factors of social upbringing and the implementation of the goals and objectives of socialization in adaptive sports activities. The paper also contains the study results of socialization of schoolchildren with limited abilities in adaptive sports activities. In addition, the possibilities of sports and the negative impact of sports models on the socialization of children with limited abilities have been analysed in this paper. An integrated model of adaptive-sports extracurricular activities for students with limited abilities, its organization technology has been presented. As a result of the study, it has been proved that adaptive sports activities as an area of self-expression, manifestation and formation of certain abilities, gifts and talent, is an important part of socialization of the student which helps prepare students with limited abilities for life

STUDENT ATTITUDE TO DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN RUSSIA

Purpose of the study: Since the new generation is the main entity of material and social benefits’ renewal process of any state, the article aims to identify the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia. It is the younger generation of different age groups that is the main labor unit of the state population. Relevant is the fact that the issues of demography are a global challenge of self-organizing society.  The purpose of the article is to identify the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia, as well as to consider various models of reproductive behavior. Methodology: The leading methods for the study of this problem is the survey method, which allows to make a qualitative analysis of the characteristics of the students’ attitude to the demographic situation in Russia and to establish the subjective position of students regarding demographic development. Results: The article reveals that the following administrative and legal measures contribute to the improvement of the demographic situation in the country (legislative acts regulating the marriage age, divorce, attitude to abortion and contraception, the status of mother and children in the divorce, working women’s labor regime); economic measures (paid leave, various benefits at child’s birth, preferential credit conditions if necessary, tax and housing benefits); educational measures (formation of public opinion, the core and standards of demographic behavior, determination of attitude to religious norms, traditions and customs, family planning policy, sexual education of youth). The authors established a high level of awareness of students about the demographic situation in the country; the presence of anxiety about this situation. Applications of this study: The data obtained in the work can be used in sociology, social psychology, political science, as well as for further theoretical development of this issue. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study revealed a high level of awareness of young people about the demographic situation in the country, certain anxiety about this situation. However, young people are not in a hurry to participate in the solution of demographic problems, referring mainly to the difficulties of material nature. This indicates the need for more careful consideration of measures of state support for young families, taking into account the research of their opinion on this matter

Remote Prophylaxis of Social and Educational Adaptation of University International Entrants in Total Pandemic

The relevance of the study is due to the trends of the global pandemic, which provoked an extremal transition of all areas of higher education to distance learning, as the only possible way to work with domestic and international entrants and students. In addition, the trends of the pandemic in the current educational environment also determine the special need to develop remote mechanisms for a prophylaxis approach to solving the problems of social and educational adaptation of international entrants – future University students. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying the features of remote prophylaxis of social and educational adaptation of entrants. The article reveals the transformation of social and educational adaptation of international entrants in the global pandemic; defines the structure and content of remote prophylaxis of social and educational adaptation of international University entrants in the global pandemic. Based on the results of the research, the authors of the article substantiate the prophylaxis model of the educational and software complex for remote prophylaxis of social and educational adaptation of University international entrants. The effectiveness of the model is proved by the results of its use in the process of remote social and educational adaptation of University international entrants in the context of a global pandemic. The materials of the article have practical application and can be useful in the development and implementation of various methods and practices of social and educational adaptation of international entrants – future University students in the context of a global pandemic. It is recommended for University teachers and students, methodologists, curators, Tutors

Development of University Students’ Motivation with the Help of E-learning

The relevance of the study is due to the orientation of the modern model of education to the formation of a competitive creative personality with the need of continual self-improvement and self-development. It is possible due to the high level of the learning motivation of students and the motivation to acquire a future profession. It should be emphasized that e-learning has a considerable potential in this aspect. In this regard, this article is aimed to reveal the specifics of the use of e-learning means in the development of university students motivation. The article presents a series of lessons designed to develop students’ motivation, implemented by e-learning means. We elaborated a series of webinars (“I want to be an engineer – I want to be taught!”; "Information crystals" (effective information processing techniques), "Time Management Secrets," "Kaleidoscope of discoveries", "Jolly mathematics"); chats ("The engineer of the third millennium - the future engineer, who is he?", "Physics, Chemistry for Engineers: Myth and Reality"); the virtual round table - "The heritage of the past" (about great scientists, inventions and discoveries) and others. The article presents the ways of applying e-learning in the development of university students’ motivation. On one hand, it is the methodological basis of the training system; on the other hand, it provides the usage of scientific knowledge in the study of professional disciplines

Evolution of <I>Vibrio cholerae</I> El Tor and Detection of Their Gene-Variants in the Caucasus

, rstC genes), and 7 strains – to the genotype I. Genotypes I and II (genetically altered ones) are the hybrid variants of the El Tor biovar producing CT of the first type

Prediction of clinical course in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease after coronary bypass surgery

Aim. To determine the incidence, predictors and develop a model for long-term risk stratification of ischemic events in patients with coronary artery disease after coronary bypass surgery.Material and methods. This retrospective study of the clinical course in patients with diffuse coronary artery disease (CAD) after coronary endarterectomy and bypass grafting surgery. A total of 232 patients were included, while long-term outcomes were assessed in 202 patients. Among them, complete data on clinical status were obtained from survivors (n=191). The median follow-up was 60 (interquartile range, 42; 74) months, while the minimum follow-up — 12 months, the maximum was 96 months. The primary composite endpoint reflecting the unfavorable course of CAD included coronary ischemic events (recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization), while secondary endpoint — allcause mortality. The factors influencing the development of primary and secondary endpoints were studied.Results. An unfavorable CAD course was diagnosed in 39 patients (20,4%), while 11 deaths were recorded (5,4%). Univariate analysis demonstrated a significant role of prior myocardial infarction in the increase in mortality rate (p=0,029). Among the factors influencing the CAD course, no significant differences were obtained for any of them. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify a high-risk group for an unfavorable course of diffuse CAD. Independent predictors were identified, the most significant contribution of which was made by multifocal atherosclerosis (odds ratio (OR)=1,99, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0,93-4,21, p=0,072), low adherence to secondary prevention measures (OR=2,21, 95% CI, 0,86-6,89, p=0,128) and diabetes (OR=1,73, 95% CI, 0,79-3,72, p=0,162). Using the results obtained, a prognostic model with high specificity (64%) and moderate sensitivity (53%) was created.Conclusion. The highest probability of an unfavorable long-term course of diffuse CAD was noted in patients with diabetes, multifocal atherosclerosis, and low adherence to secondary prevention measures. The obtained results make it possible to identify a high-risk group in this cohort of patients, determine the reserve of secondary prevention measures and a direction of actions to improve outcomes

Протезирование аортального клапана у больных пожилого и старческого возраста: анализ предоперационных факторов риска

Background. Despite an increase in the number of surgeries performed in elderly patients, conventional aortic valve replacement is associated with high postoperative mortality in comparison to young adults. The risk of surgical intervention in elderly patients is associated not only with the age, but also with the presence of a large number of concomitant diseases.Aim. To evaluate the immediate results of conventional aortic valve replacement and assess the impact of preoperative risk factors on surgical treatment.Methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of aortic valve replacement was performed in patients older than 65 years operated in the period from 2011 to 2015 (a total of 253 cases). The mean age of the patients was 70.4±4.14 years. The mean EuroSCORE was 6.09±4.45%. The impact of more than 30 preoperative risk factors on the in-hospital mortality and development of postoperative complications has been analyzed.Results. The overall in-hospital mortality was 10.3%. In-hospital mortality of isolated aortic valve replacement was 4.8%. In-hospital mortality of aortic valve replacement combined with coronary artery bypass grafting was 8.8%. High postoperative mortality rate was reliably associated with the urgency of surgery, a positive history of stroke, obesity, chronic renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, a positive history of malignant neoplasms, polyvascular disease, pre-operative atrial fibrillation, IV class NYHA, post-stenotic aortic dilation, severe calcification, small aortic root.Conclusion. Aortic valve replacement in elderly and advanced age patients have relatively similar results to those of the younger patients. High risk of surgery in advanced age patients is mainly associated with the presence of concomitant extracardiac pathology and preoperative risk factors.Актуальность. Несмотря на увеличение количества операций у больных старшей возрастной категории, протезирование аортального клапана характеризуется высокой госпитальной летальностью по сравнению с более молодым контингентом больных. Риск хирургического вмешательства в группе пожилых пациентов связан не только с возрастом, но и с наличием большого количества сопутствующих заболеваний.Цель. Изучить непосредственные результаты протезирования аортального клапана и оценить степень влияния дооперационных факторов риска на показатели хирургического лечения.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ результатов протезирования аортального клапана у больных старше 65 лет, прооперированных в период с 2011 по 2015 гг. (всего 253 случая). Средний возраст пациентов был 70,4±4,14 лет. Риск операции по шкале EuroSCORE составил 6,09±4,45%. Проанализировано влияние на показатели летальности и послеоперационных осложнений более 30 различных факторов риска.Результаты. Общая госпитальная летальность составила 10,3%. Летальность при изолированном протезировании аортального клапана была на уровне 4,8%, а при сопутствующем коронарном шунтировании – 8,8%. С послеоперационной летальностью статистически достоверно были связаны срочность хирургического вмешательства, наличие острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения в прошлом, ожирение, хроническая почечная недостаточность, хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких, легочная гипертензия, злокачественные новообразования в анамнезе, мультифокальный атеросклероз, дооперационная мерцательная аритмия, IV функциональный класс сердечной недостаточности по NYHA, постстенотическое расширение восходящей аорты, выраженный кальциноз и узкое фиброзное кольцо аортального клапана.Заключение. Протезирование аортального клапана у пациентов пожилого и старческого возраста продемонстрировало результаты, близкие к показателям более молодой категории больных. Высокий риск операции у возрастных пациентов обусловлен, главным образом, сопутствующей экстракардиальной патологией и предоперационными факторами риска

Гематологические показатели крупного рогатого скота при паразитарных дерматитах

The purpose of the research is study of the animal's body clinical status and changes in hematological parameters before and after treatment against sarcoptoidosis of cattle. Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on bull calves and heifers aged 6–10 months, medium finish, of 100–120 kg of body weight. The test animals were divided into three groups: two test groups and one control group of 15 animals each. Before the experiment and at 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment with acaricides, scrapings from the affected skin and blood were taken from animals of all groups for research. The first test group animals were treated with ivermectin subcutaneously at a dose of 5 ml per animal, and the second test group was treated with cydectin subcutaneously at a dose of 5 ml per animal. The control animals were not treated. Results and discussion. The conducted hematological studies found a decrease in erythrocytes and hemoglobin in sarcoptoidosis, which indicated a decrease in oxygen supply to the body, and, consequently, organs and tissues. The white blood cell differential was observed to have a noticeable decrease in monocytes and lymphocytes.Цель исследований: изучение клинического статуса организма животного, изменений гематологических показателей до применения и после лечения при саркоптоидозах крупного рогатого скота.Материалы и методы. Опыт проводили на бычках и телочках в возрасте 6–10 мес., средней упитанности, живой массой 100–120 кг. Подопытных животных разделили на три группы: две опытные и одну контрольную по 15 голов в каждой. До опыта и через 7, 14 и 21 сут после обработки акарицидными препаратами у животных всех групп брали соскобы с пораженных участков кожного покрова и кровь для исследования. Животные первой опытной группы были обработаны ивермектином подкожно в область предплечья в дозе из расчета 5 мл на животное, а второй опытной группы – цидектином подкожно в дозе из расчета 5 мл на животное в область предплечья. Животных контрольной группы не обрабатывали. Результаты и обсуждение. В процессе проведенных гематологических исследований было установлено снижение количества эритроцитов и гемоглобина при саркоптоидозах, что свидетельствовало о снижении поступления кислорода в организм, а, следовательно, и в органы и ткани. В лейкоцитарной формуле наблюдали заметное снижение числа моноцитов и лимфоцитов

Electronic properties and phase transitions in low-dimensional semiconductors

We present the first review of the current state of the literature on electronic properties and phase transitions in TlX and TlMX2 (M = Ga, In; X = Se, S, Te) compounds. These chalcogenides belong to a family of the low-dimensional semiconductors possessing chain or layered structure. They are of significant interest because of their highly anisotropic properties, semi- and photoconductivity, non-linear effects in their I-V characteristics (including a region of negative differential resistance), switching and memory effects, second harmonic optical generation, relaxor behavior and potential applications for optoelectronic devices. We review the crystal structure of TlX and TlMX2 compounds, their transport properties under ambient conditions, experimental and theoretical studies of the electronic structure, transport properties and semiconductor-metal phase transitions under high pressure, and sequences of temperature-induced structural phase transitions with intermediate incommensurate states. Electronic nature of the ferroelectric phase transitions in the above-mentioned compounds, as well as relaxor behavior, nanodomains and possible occurrence of quantum dots in doped and irradiated crystals is discussed.Comment: 70 pages, 38 figure

Novel Evidence of HBV Recombination in Family Cluster Infections in Western China

Two hepatitis B virus (HBV) C/D recombinants were isolated from western China. No direct evidence indicates that these new viruses arose as a result of recombination between genotype C and D or a result of convergence. In this study, we search for evidence of intra-individual recombination in the family cluster cases with co-circulation of genotype C, D and C/D recombinants. We studied 68 individuals from 15 families with HBV infections in 2006, identified individuals with mixed HBV genotype co-infections by restriction fragment length polymorphism and proceeded with cloning and DNA sequencing. Recombination signals were detected by RDP3 software and confirmed by split phylogenetic trees. Families with mixed HBV genotype co-infections were resampled in 2007. Three of 15 families had individuals with different HBV genotype co-infections in 2006. One individual (Y2) had a triple infection of HBV genotype C, D and C/D recombinant in 2006, but only genotype D in 2007. Further clonal analysis of this patient indicated that the C/D recombinant was not identical to previously isolated CD1 or CD2, but many novel recombinants with C2, D1 and CD1 were simultaneously found. All parental strains could recombine with each other to form new recombinant in this patient. This indicates that the detectable mixed infection and recombination have a limited time window. Also, as the recombinant nature of HBV precludes the possibility of a simple phylogenetic taxonomy, a new standard may be required for classifying HBV sequences