On the Rate of Convergence for a Characteristic of Multidimensional Birth-Death Process

We consider a multidimensional inhomogeneous birth-death process (BDP) and obtain bounds on the rate of convergence for the corresponding one-dimensional processes

Genetic Diversity in Local Taraxacum officinale L. Populations from Habitats Varied in Toxic Load

The level of lipid peroxidation (a stress indicator) and the quantitative traits of leaf tissue (the number and size of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts) were determined in Taraxacum officinale L. plants from five habitats near the city of Nizhniy Tagil that differ in terms of the heavy metal content in the soil. It is shown that in pollutedhabitats, the content of heavy metals (Cu2+ and Zn2+) in leaves is significantly higher compared to plants from background areas, with leaf thickness, mesophyll cell volume and chloroplast number per cell increasing. Both Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis and cluster analysis of dandelion genetic diversity based oneight primers have revealed that four groups of plants are closely related genetically. Of the observed differences between five local populations, 78% are caused by intrapopulation variability and 22% by interpopulation variability. It is supposed that Taraxacum officinale’s tolerance to heavy metal contamination in the studied localities is not genetically fixed adaptation, but acclimation within genetically selected rangesof tolerance. Keywords: heavy metals, local populations, ISSR markers, leaf trait

TOOLKIT FOR SELECTING TECHNOLOGY AS A TRANSFER OBJECT UNDER MULTI-CRITERIA CONDITIONS

The article analyzes the features of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There revealed the negative trends associated with the disproportionality of the sectoral structure of the business and the low enterprises’ innovative activity. The key measures of state support for entrepreneurship taken by the Government of the Russian Federation in the period 2020–2021 are considered. The expediency of stimulating small and medium-sized businesses to participate in the process of technology transfer is determined, based on which the main purpose of the study is formulated, associated with the formation of economic and mathematical tools for choosing a technology for further implementation in the practice of SMEs. The research substantiates the expediency of using the fuzzy-multiple simplified method of analysis of hierarchies by Saaty for choosing technological solutions from a finite number of available alternatives, taking into account the interests of small and medium-sized businesses. The proposed approach makes it possible to increase the degree of validity of management decisions by reducing the volume of metamathematical operations and reducing the impact of subjectivism

Специализация и концентрация работников малых и средних предприятий: российские данные

Goal of study is to assess the current level of industry concentration and regional specialization small and medium enterprises in Russia using Krugman indices. The study uses official statistics for 2016, describing the number of enterprises employees located in 80 regions and specializing in 13 types of economic activity. In this research they determine the indices values of enterprises industry concentration and regional specialization. Authors also carry out comparative analysis of changes in the values of these indices for the period from 2010 to 2016. They also establish the patterns characteristic of industry concentration and regional specialization.Целью исследования является оценка текущего уровня отраслевой концентрации и региональной специализации малых и средних предприятий России с использованием индексов Кругмана. В исследовании используется официальная статистика за 2016 год, описывающая численность работников предприятий, расположенных в 80 регионах и специализирующихся на 13 видах экономической деятельности. В данном исследовании определены значения индексов отраслевой концентрации и региональной специализации. Приводится сравнительный анализ изменений значений этих показателей за период с 2010 по 2016 год. Установлены закономерности, характерные для концентрации производства малых и средних предприятий и их территориальной специализации

Indicators and scales of estimation of competences bachelor of pedagogical education

Methodical recommendations about definition of indicators and use of scales of estimation of competences of the bachelor of pedagogical education are provided in article. These rec-ommendations can be used when designing fund of estimated means for carrying out intermediate certification trained according to programs of a bachelor degreeВ статье приводятся методические рекомендации по определению показателей и использованию шкал оценивания компетенций бакалавра педагогического образования. Данные рекомендации могут быть использованы при конструировании фонда оценочных средств для проведения промежуточной аттестации обучающихся по программам бакалавриат

Extracts of xylotrophic fungi reduce toxic effects of cadmium ions in barley

The influence of cadmium ions and water-ethanol extracts of four wood-destroying fungi species, separately and together, on the early stages of barley plants development was studied. It was shown that 200 and 500 µM Cd2+ caused a significant inhibition of barley seedlings growth but was not lethal. In this case, cadmium ions insignificantly affect the length of the shoot, but inhibit the growth of the root. For chaga extract, it was shown that 1 and 2 mg/mL doses does not cause significant changes in the development of seedlings, but high concentrations inhibit germination. The addition of fungi extracts with concentration 1 mg/mL to 250 µM Cd2+ reduced its negative effect. The best results were shown for extracts of chaga and ganoderma. Extracts of wood-destroying fungi could be recommended for use to reduce the toxicity of cadmium ions. © 2021 Author(s).Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, (20-44-660011)Russian Foundation for Basic Research, РФФИThe research was partly funded by RFBR and the Government of the Sverdlovsk Region, project number 20-44-660011 and the t Government of the Russian Federation, Act 211, Contract ʋ 02.A03.21.0006

ИНСТРУМЕНТАРИЙ ВЫБОРА ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАК ОБЪЕКТА ТРАНСФЕРА В УСЛОВИЯХ МНОГОКРИТЕРИАЛЬНОСТИ

The article analyzes the features of the development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There revealed the negative trends associated with the disproportionality of the sectoral structure of the business and the low enterprises’ innovative activity. The key measures of state support for entrepreneurship taken by the Government of the Russian Federation in the period 2020–2021 are considered. The expediency of stimulating small and medium-sized businesses to participate in the process of technology transfer is determined, based on which the main purpose of the study is formulated, associated with the formation of economic and mathematical tools for choosing a technology for further implementation in the practice of SMEs. The research substantiates the expediency of using the fuzzy-multiple simplified method of analysis of hierarchies by Saaty for choosing technological solutions from a finite number of available alternatives, taking into account the interests of small and medium-sized businesses. The proposed approach makes it possible to increase the degree of validity of management decisions by reducing the volume of metamathematical operations and reducing the impact of subjectivism.В статье проведен анализ особенностей развития малого и среднего предпринимательства (МСП) в условиях пандемии СOVID-19. Выявлены негативные тенденции, связанные с диспропорциональностью отраслевой структуры бизнеса и низкой инновационной активностью предприятий. Рассмотрены ключевые меры государственной поддержки предпринимательства, предпринятые Правительством Российской Федерации в период2020–2021 годов. Определена целесообразность стимулирования субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства к участию в процессе трансферта технологий, на основании чего сформулирована основная цель исследования, связанная с формированием экономико-математического инструментария выбора технологии для дальнейшего внедрения в практику деятельности МСП. Обоснована целесообразность применения нечетко-множественного упрощенного метода анализа иерархий Саати при осуществлении выбора технологических решений из конечного числа имеющихся альтернатив с учетом интересов субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства. Предложенный подход позволяет повысить степень обоснованности управленческих решений при сокращении объема метаматематических операций и снижении влияния субъективизма

Leaf Mesophyll Structure and Photosynthetic Activity in Calla palustris L. from Natural Habitats with Different Level of Technogenic Pollution

A study of leaf structure and CO2 assimilation rate was conducted on the emergent plant Calla palustris L. from natural habitats with different levels of technogenic pollution (the Sak-Elga River, upstream and downstream of the Karabash copper smelter, Chelyabinsk region, Russia). It was found that both chlorophyll a content andthe rate of CO2 assimilation decreased twofold in plants from the downstream site. No significant changes were observed in leaf mesophyll structure and the volume of aerenchyma in the leaf. It was shown that in plants from strongly contaminated site, the decrease in spongy mesophyll cell volume was compensated by the increase in their number, whereas the decrease in the number of chloroplasts per cell was accompanied by a growth in volume. It is concluded that the changes in the numerical and dimensional characteristics of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts provide for the viability of C. palustris under prolonged technogenic impact and demonstrate the plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Keywords: emergent plant, heavy metals, adaptation, leaf structure, CO2 uptak