Статистическая оценка сопутствующих патологических процессов при аденоме простаты

Department of morphopathology, Department of urology and surgical nephrology, Nicolae Tesmitsanu State University of Medicine and FarmacyThis study aims to assess the statistical figures of morphopathological aspects of prostatic adenoma using the methods of statistical processing and analyzing to determine the informative indices of variability and the trend of the development of the pathological processes concurrent to the Benign Prostate Hiperplasia (BPH). It has been found that in 30 patients aged 45-68 along with BPH the pathological processes with a predominance of the inflammatory, dystrophic and discirculatory ones, involving all the structural elements of the adenoma and its bordering zones, have been identified. The level of activity of the processes, including the inflammatory processes in the peripheral area has been found out. The inflammatory processes of moderate and emphasized activity (the IInd and IIId degrees) have made up a maximum frequency and accounted for 77% of the cases, being followed by circulatory disorders of the IInd and IIId degrees of activity, what has corresponded to 76% of cases. В данном исследовании отражена статистическая оценка морфопатологических аспектов, выявленных при аденоме простаты, использованы методы статистической обработки и анализа для выявления информативных параметров вариабельности, а также тенденции развития патологических процессов, которые сопутствуют доброкачественной гиперплазии простаты (ДГП). Установлено, что у 30 пациентов в возрасте 45-68 лет, одновременно с ДГП присутствуют патологические процессы, преимущественно воспалительные, дисциркуляторные и дистрофические, включающие все структурные элементы аденомы и ее пограничной зоны. Выявлена степень активности процессов, в том числе на периферии, что соответствовало зоне энуклеации аденомы. Воспалительные процессы умеренной и выраженной степени активности (II-III степень) соответствовали максимальной частоте и составили 77% случаев, за ними следовали дисциркуляторные нарушения II-III степени, которые составили 76%

PLACE OF ECHOGRAPHY IN SPECIFYING APPROACHES TO TREATING OVARIAN CANCER

The results of ultrasound study and surgical treatment in 248 patients aged 20 to 78 years who had ovarian epithelial malignancies were the subject of this investigation that has provided evidence that ultrasonic tomography is currently the leading imaging technique that allows specification of the ovarian cancer spread pattern and, depending on this, elaboration of adequate treatment policy

THE FEATURES OF SURFACE PHENOTYPE OF BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES IN THE PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS

Abstract. Parameters of peripheral blood lymphocytes subpopulations have been studies in the patients with extensive destructive pulmonary tuberculosis caused by drug-sensitive or drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis before and in the course of specific anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. It was revealed that in the patients before treatment, a marked immunosuppression takes place, being characterized by decrease of total T-lymphocytes and their basic regulatory and effector subpopulations. E.e., an increase in CD20+-, CD25+- and CD95+cells was observed. The completion of intensive anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy is not accompanied by correction of lymphocyte subpopulations. By contrary, in the patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis M. tuberculosis a sharp increase in CD95+-lymphocytes is registered. After undergoing a full course of therapy a well-noted tendency to normalization of T-lymphocytes (CD3+) quantity, as well as is regulatory populations (CD4+ and CD8+) were found. The level of CD95+-lymphocytes remained increased in the patients with pulmonary tuberculosis caused by drug-resistant M. tuberculosis

Нефрогенная метаплазия с субтотальным поражением мочевого пузыря

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Ис­пользование пероксида водорода выдыхаемого воздуха для оценки эффективности терапии бронхиальной астмы

Exhaled hydrogen peroxide is a marker of airway inflammation. However, its utility for monitoring of asth­ma is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of short-acting β2-agonists and inhaled steroids on the hydrogen peroxide (H202) concentration in expired breath condensate in asthmatic patients. Fifteen patients with moderate atopic asthma were treated with salbutamol as required for 2 weeks followed 12-week treatment with budesonide (Pulmicort Turbuhaler, 400 meg daily). The exhaled H202 concentration as measured using a colorimetric assay (Gallati&Pracht, 1985). FEV1 was assessed using dry spirometer. Airway hyperresponsiveness was considered as a provocative concentration of inhaled histamine causing the 20%-fall in FEV1 (PD20).The H202 baseline level in the asthmatic patients (0.19±0.03 μ‎M) was elevated compared to healthy sub­jects (0.028±0.003, p<0.001). The exhaled H202 concentration did not change during the treatment with salbutamol but it was diminished by Pulmicort Turbuhaler. This was associated with significant improvement in clinical symptom score, FEV1 and PD20 in asthma patients.We conclude that the short-acting β2-agonists do not influence the H202 concentration in the exhaled air condensate of the asthma patients but the inhaled steroids decrease it. This may reflect different anti-inflam­matory activities of these medications.Целью настоящей работы явилось изучение влияния β2-агонистов и ингаляционных стероидов (ИГКС) на концентрацию пероксида водорода (Н2O2) в конденсате выдыхаемого воздуха (КВВ) у больных бронхиальной астмой (БА). Под наблюдением находилось 15 больных атопической БА средней тяжести течения, которые в течение 2 нед получали сальбутамол в режиме "по требованию", а затем в течение 12 нед получали будесонид (пульмикорт турбухалер в дозе 400 мкг/сут). Концентрацию Н2O2 в КВВ изучали спектрофотометрическим методом ("Gallati&Pracht”, 1985). Бронхиальную проходимость (ОФВ1) изучали методом спирометрии. Для оценки гиперреактивности бронхов (ПД20) использовали бронхопровокационный тест с гистамином.Уровень Н2O2 в процессе лечения сальбутамолом (0,19±0,03 мкМ) существенно не изменялся по сравнению с исходным (0,19±0,04 мкМ), а при назначении будесонида достоверно снижался (0,038±0,005). Изменение Н2O2 происходило параллельно с улучшением клинического состояния больных, увеличением ОФВ1 и снижением ПД20.Таким образом, β2-агонисты не влияют, а ИГКС снижают концентрацию Н2O2 в КВВ у больных БА, что, вероятно, отражает их различное влияние на активность воспалительного процесса. Это подтверждает возможность использования Н2O2 в качестве маркера воспаления в дыхательных путях у пациентов с астмой

К вопросу о возможных механизмах действия акупунктуры при лечении больных бронхиальной астмой

The acupuncture effect mechanisms (efficacy of a single procedure and a treatment course) have been thoroughly studied with due account of neirophysical, biochemical and energetic aspects. The study was based on an integral estimation assessment of patients’ conditions (contemporary European and classic Chinese estimates) for 60 patients with a mild course of bronchial asthma and 30 patients with the pre-asthma state treated with acupuncture monotherapy.Specific aspects of the homeostasis adaptive correction have been defined. This makes it possible to recommend the acupuncture not only for treatment but for the bronchial asthma prophylaxis.Механизмы действия акупунктуры (эффекты одной процедуры и курсового лечения) изучались комплексно (нейрофизиологические, биохимические, энергетические аспекты) на основе интегральной оценки состояния (современной европейской и классической китайской) у 60 больных с легким течением бронхиальной астмы и 30 больных с состоянием предастмы в процессе монотерапии акупунктурой. Уточнены особенности адаптивной коррекции гомеостаза, позволяющие рекомендовать акупунктуру не только для лечения, но и для профилактики бронхиальной астмы

Падения у коморбидных пациентов старческого возраста при сочетанном применении психотропных и кардиологических лекарственных средств

The article discusses aspects of drug-induced falls in elderly comorbid patients against the background of polypragmasy and also assesses the role of drug interactions that are highly dangerous according to the risk of falling. A drug audit of the obtained pharmacotherapy database was performed in patients with comorbid pathology older than 75 years, in order to identify fall-risk-increasing drugs, ranked according to the degree of risk of falling, their significant interactions and with using the traffic light classification. The data on the analysis of the contribution of psychotropic, cardiological drugs and their combination on the risk of developing a fall in the hospital in comorbid patients of old age against polypragmasy are presented. В статье рассмотрены аспекты лекарственно-индуцированных падений у коморбидных пациентов старческого возраста на фоне полипрагмазии, а также оценена роль сочетанного применения лекарственных средств, отнесенных к высокоопасным по риску падения. Проведен лекарственный аудит базы данных получаемой фармакотерапии у пациентов старше 75 лет с коморбидной патологией на предмет выявления лекарственных средств, отнесенных к высокоопасным по риску падения, ранжированных по степени этого риска согласно светофорной классификации, и их значимых взаимодействий. Представлены данные по анализу исследования вклада психотропных, кардиологических лекарственных средств и их сочетания на риск развития падения в стационаре у коморбидных пациентов старческого возраста на фоне полипрагмазии

Regional development gaps in Argentina: A multidimensional approach to identify the location of policy priorities

Spatial inequalities within Latin American countries have historically attracted the interest ofacademics, policy-makers, and international agencies. This article aims to provide amultidimensional diagnosis of provincial development gaps in Argentina, in order to identifythe location of policy priorities. Therefore, we built a large database, which covers sevendevelopment dimensions, and applied multivariate analysis techniques to overcome someanalytical limitations of previous studies. Results show the stability of provincial developmentgaps between 2003 and 2013 and some heterogeneity within geographic regions. Instead,cluster analysis offers a better classification of Argentine provinces according to theirdevelopment gaps, which can help the government to prioritize the places wheredevelopment policies are strategic.Fil: Niembro, Andrés Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Sarmiento, Jesica Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Patagonia Norte; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; Argentin

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)