Analytical Representation of the Longitudinal Hadronic Shower Development

The analytical representation of the longitudinal hadronic shower development from the face of a calorimeter is presented and compared with experimental data. The suggested formula is particularly useful at designing, testing and calibration of huge calorimeter complex like in ATLAS at LHC.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Non-Compensation of the Barrel Tile Hadron Module-0 Calorimeter

The detailed experimental information about the electron and pion responses, the electron energy resolution and the e/h ratio as a function of incident energy E, impact point Z and incidence angle $\Theta$ of the Module-0 of the iron-scintillator barrel hadron calorimeter with the longitudinal tile configuration is presented. The results are based on the electron and pion beams data for E = 10, 20, 60, 80, 100 and 180 GeV at $\eta$ = -0.25 and -0.55, which have been obtained during the test beam period in 1996. The results are compared with the existing experimental data of TILECAL 1m prototype modules, various iron-scintillator calorimeters and with some Monte Carlo calculations.Comment: 33 pages, 20 figure

Longitudinal Hadronic Shower Development in a Combined Calorimeter

This work is devoted to the experimental study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development in the ATLAS barrel combined prototype calorimeter consisting of the lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and the iron-scintillator hadronic part. The results have been obtained on the basis of the 1996 combined test beam data which have been taken on the H8 beam of the CERN SPS, with the pion beams of 10, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100, 150 and 300 GeV/c. The degree of description of generally accepted Bock parameterization of the longitudinal shower development has been investigated. It is shown that this parameterization does not give satisfactory description for this combined calorimeter. Some modification of this parameterization, in which the e/h ratios of the compartments of the combined calorimeter are used, is suggested and compared with the experimental data. The agreement between such parameterization and the experimental data is demonstrated.Comment: Latex, 21 pages, 10 figure

Changes of Nitric Oxide Content in the Rat Hippocampus, Heart and Liver in Acute Phase of Ischemia

© 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien.Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used as a method to record nitric oxide (NO) production in the tissues of the brain, heart and liver of healthy rats, and rats after modeling of ischemic stroke. Direct measurement of the dynamics of NO production by EPR spectroscopy in our experiments showed that after the emergence of signs of ischemic stroke, 5 h after the start of ischemia, the content of NO in the hippocampus decreased two- to threefold and this decrease was maintained at 24 and 72 h. Deserving special attention is the data demonstrating that there is a greater decrease of NO production in the tissues of the heart and liver than in the brain. Consequently, the change in intensity of NO production in the modeling of ischemic events in the brain has a systemic, not a local character

Hadron Energy Reconstruction for the ATLAS Calorimetry in the Framework of the Non-parametrical Method

This paper discusses hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS barrel prototype combined calorimeter (consisting of a lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and an iron-scintillator hadronic part) in the framework of the non-parametrical method. The non-parametrical method utilizes only the known $e/h$ ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of any parameters by a minimization technique. Thus, this technique lends itself to an easy use in a first level trigger. The reconstructed mean values of the hadron energies are within $\pm 1$ of the true values and the fractional energy resolution is $[(58\pm3)/\sqrt{E}+(2.5\pm0.3)$. The value of the $e/h$ ratio obtained for the electromagnetic compartment of the combined calorimeter is $1.74\pm0.04$ and agrees with the prediction that $e/h > 1.7$ for this electromagnetic calorimeter. Results of a study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development are also presented. The data have been taken in the H8 beam line of the CERN SPS using pions of energies from 10 to 300 GeV.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, Will be published in NIM