Effect of modified atmosphere packaging on quality of minimally processed fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) microgreens

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) microgreens is an underutilized vegetable with limited shelf life having good source of antioxidants, carotenoid as well as vitamins. The study deals with nutritional quality and optimization of a suitable passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for improving the shelf life of fenugreek microgreens in its minimally processed form (MPFM) at 8oC Semipermeable plastic films viz., low density polyethylene, polypropylene, Cryovac PD 961® and stretchable PVC cling film with varying thickness were evaluated as packaging materials to obtain different MAP composition inside MPFM packages. Packaging of MPFM in 40 μm thick polypropylene film resulted in development of in-pack equilibrium MA with 10-14% oxygen and 5-8% carbon dioxide during storage. This in-pack MA maintained ‘fresh-like’ sensory properties, biochemical and nutritional quality in MPFM till 15 days of storage. Significant loss of B vitamins was recorded in all packages during low temperature storage. Packaging in 40 μm thick polypropylene film retained B vitamins significantly better than other semipermeable films. Low temperature storage in modified atmosphere conditions enhanced vitamin E content in MPFM. The outcome of the study will benefit the entrepreneurs and retailers for distant transport and storage of fenugreek microgreens in commercial open chillers maintained in supermarkets in their ready-to-cook form

STUDIES ON LAND USE/LAND COVER AND CHANGE DETECTION OF G.MADUGULA TRIBAL MANDAL OF VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA -USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS TECHNIQUES

ABSTRACT Land use/ land cover is an important component in understanding the interactions of the human activities with the environment and thus it is necessary to monitor and detect the changes to maintai

Structural dynamics and catalytic properties of a multimodular xanthanase

The precise catalytic strategies used for the breakdown of the complex bacterial polysaccharide xanthan, an increasingly frequent component of processed human foodstuffs, have remained a mystery. Here, we present characterization of an endo-xanthanase from Paenibacillus nanensis. We show that it is a CAZy family 9 glycoside hydrolase (GH9) responsible for the hydrolysis of the xanthan backbone capable of generating tetrameric xanthan oligosaccharides from polysaccharide lyase family 8 (PL8) xanthan lyase-treated xanthan. Three-dimensional structure determination reveals a complex multimodular enzyme in which a catalytic (α/α) 6 barrel is flanked by an N-terminal "immunoglobulin-like" (Ig-like) domain (frequently found in GH9 enzymes) and by four additional C-terminal all β-sheet domains that have very few homologues in sequence databases and at least one of which functions as a new xanthan-binding domain, now termed CBM84. The solution-phase conformation and dynamics of the enzyme in the native calcium-bound state and in the absence of calcium were probed experimentally by hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry. Measured conformational dynamics were used to guide the protein engineering of enzyme variants with increased stability in the absence of calcium; a property of interest for the potential use of the enzyme in cleaning detergents. The ability of hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry to pinpoint dynamic regions of a protein under stress (e.g., removal of calcium ions) makes this technology a strong tool for improving protein catalyst properties by informed engineering

Thermoelectric power in the normal state of Chevrel-phase superconductors of the type Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>Mo<SUB>6</SUB>S<SUB>8-y</SUB>Se<SUB>y</SUB>, 0≤y≤8, and Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>Mo<SUB>6</SUB>S<SUB>8-y</SUB>Te<SUB>y</SUB>, 0≤y≤4

The thermoelectric power, S, of Chevrel-phase superconductors of the type Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>Mo<SUB>6</SUB>S<SUB>8-y</SUB>Se<SUB>y</SUB>, 0&lt;y&lt;8, and Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>Mo<SUB>6</SUB>S<SUB>8-y</SUB>Te<SUB>y</SUB>, 0&lt;y&lt;4, have been measured between 300K and the superconducting transition temperature. The high-temperature values are found to arise mainly from the diffusion of conduction electrons while at low temperatures phonon-drag contributions are also observed. The diffusion thermopower is interpreted in terms of Mott-Wilson theory and band-structure data. The phonon specific heat has also been measured in the case of Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>Mo<SUB>6</SUB>S<SUB>8</SUB> and Cu<SUB>1.8</SUB>Mo<SUB>6</SUB>S<SUB>1</SUB>Se<SUB>7</SUB> and is shown to be proportional to the phonon-drag part of the thermopower

Occurrence of Nervilia Aragoana Gaud. (Orchidaceae) on the Nallamalai Hills, Eastern Ghats in Andhra Pradesh

Volume: 98Start Page: 320End Page: 32