Jupiter’s auroras during the Juno approach phase as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope

We present movies of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of Jupiter’s FUV auroras observed during the Juno approach phase and first capture orbit, and compare with Juno observations of the interplanetary medium near Jupiter and inside the magnetosphere. Jupiter’s FUV auroras indicate the nature of the dynamic processes occurring in Jupiter’s magnetosphere, and the approach phase provided a unique opportunity to obtain a full set of interplanetary data near to Jupiter at the time of a program of HST observations, along with the first simultaneous with Juno observations inside the magnetosphere. The overall goal was to determine the nature of the solar wind effect on Jupiter’s magnetosphere. HST observations were obtained with typically 1 orbit per day over three intervals: 16 May – 7 June, 22-30 June and 11-18 July, i.e. while Juno was in the solar wind, around the bow shock and magnetosphere crossings, and in the mid-latitude middle-outer magnetospheres. We show that these intervals are characterised by particularly dynamic polar auroras, and significant variations in the auroral power output caused by e.g. dawn storms, intense main emission and poleward forms. We compare the variation of these features with Juno observations of interplanetary compression regions and the magnetospheric environment during the intervals of these observations

Response of Jupiter's auroras to conditions in the interplanetary medium as measured by the Hubble Space Telescope and Juno

We present the first comparison of Jupiter's auroral morphology with an extended, continuous and complete set of near-Jupiter interplanetary data, revealing the response of Jupiter's auroras to the interplanetary conditions. We show that for ∼1-3 days following compression region onset the planet's main emission brightened. A duskside poleward region also brightened during compressions, as well as during shallow rarefaction conditions at the start of the program. The power emitted from the noon active region did not exhibit dependence on any interplanetary parameter, though the morphology typically differed between rarefactions and compressions. The auroras equatorward of the main emission brightened over ∼10 days following an interval of increased volcanic activity on Io. These results show that the dependence of Jupiter's magnetosphere and auroras on the interplanetary conditions are more diverse than previously thought

Overview of HST observa7ons of Jupiter’s ultraviolet aurora during Juno orbits 3 to 7

Jupiter’s permanent ultraviolet auroral emissions have been systematically monitored from Earth orbit with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) during an 8-month period. The Girst part of this HST large program (GO-14634) was meant to support the NASA Juno prime mission during orbits PJ03 through PJ07. The HST program will resume in Feb 2018, in time for Juno’s PJ11 perijove, right after HST’s solar and lunar avoidance periods. HST observations are designed to provide a Jovian auroral activity background for all instruments on-board Juno and for the numerous ground based and space based observatories participating to the Juno mission. In particular, several HST visits were programmed in order to obtain as many simultaneous observations with Juno-UVS as possible, sometimes in the same hemisphere, sometimes in the opposite one. In addition, the timing of some HST visits was set to take advantage of Juno’s multiple crossings of the current sheet and of the magnetic Gield lines threading the auroral emissions. These observations are obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) in time-tag mode, they consist in spatially resolved movies of Jupiter’s highly dynamic aurora with timescales ranging from seconds to several days. Here, we present an overview of the present -numerous- HST results. They demonstrate that while Jupiter is always showing the same basic auroral components, it is also displaying an ever-changing auroral landscape. The complexity of the auroral morphology is such that no two observations are alike. Still, in this apparent chaos some patterns emerge. This information is giving clues on magnetospheric processes at play at the local and global scales, the latter being only accessible to remote sensing instruments such as HST

A simplified procedure to improve the usability of hydrodynamic modelling software in regenerative urban design

Densely urbanized areas are greatly exposed to the risks from climate change as reported by IPCC in 2018. In particular, compact urban settings afflicted by heavy storms and droughts, coupled with the intensification of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect and incremental heat waves require a requalification of the outdoor environment that accommodates for both strategic water management and enhanced microclimatic conditions. The present study proposes simplified procedures to enable the application of complex hydrodynamic modelling software (SWMM), by non-expert users (such as planners and designers), in the preliminary phases of an urban space project according to a water-sensitive urban design approach. In the paper, Italian multi-level regulations aimed at controlling the impacts of excessive rainfall in urban areas are taken into account as well as the integration of circular water management systems with evaporative cooling strategies. The proposed procedure is focused on two aspects: 1- to simplify the steps needed to convert the existing climatic data to provide a numerical sequence, to insert into the software; 2- to define a set of pre-compiled and multi-purposed solutions toolkits for the design of urban spaces that can be imported into the software through an external database

Cooling Cities. Innovative Water-Based Cooling Systems in the Era of Urban Heat . Solutions for Outdoor Climate Adaptation

The Climate Change phenomenon continues to affect urban areas and their populations, the Urban Heat Island Effect (UHI) related impacts, such as heatwaves, are known to affect the climatic conditions of cities and increase the thermal stress of citizens. This research investigates the implications of heat stress on citizens' thermal comfort by analysing the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI); and, based on well-known urban cooling principles and techniques, proposes an innovative water-based cooling system design specifically to reduce peak temperatures during heatwaves in outdoor areas, promoting enhanced spaces (urban oasis) that improve citizens' thermal comfort during heat stress conditions. Applying a research through design approach to optimise and document results in a series of iterative design-test-optimisation processes. The cooling potential of the "downdraft-evaporative-windcatcher" (DEW). Cooling Façade is simulated in a testbed combining four variables into twenty different configurations, the bestperforming configuration (in the UTCI values) is later applied to a case study in the city of Milan, Italy

The Comparison of Selected Methods of Cast Iron Spheroidization in Industrial Conditions

Production of spheroidal graphite cast iron is today quite mastered technology. There are many methods achieving the nodular graphite morphology. Each of these methods have specific characteristics and requirements to technical support, properties and the type of applied modifier. Selection of the spheroidization method is dependent on foundry disposition, production character, economic balance, quality requirements, etc. In case of centrifugally casting the core, which fills body and neck of the roll, is created by ductile iron. Considering the sophisticated production of centrifugally cast rolls for hot rolling mills it is necessary to ensure a high reproducibility and reliability of ductile cast iron production quality in the bulk range of 9-18 t per tapping. These conditions are in the Roll Foundry in Vítkovicke Slevarny, spol. s r.o. provided and verified mastered overpour method and the newly injection of cored wire in the melt

Kontaktni problemy kompozitnich materialu.

Available from STL Prague, CZ / NTK - National Technical LibrarySIGLECZCzech Republi

Methods, tools and techniques applicable to cultural heritage: an evaluation approach.

The following findings are based on research conducted within EU-CHIC Work Package 4, whose main objectives were to identify and evaluate existing methods, tools and techniques (MTTs) used for data collection on European cultural heritage. Building upon the work carried out during the work package, criteria and indicators were developed to assess the various MTTs currently been applied European wide. These allowed an analysis of the scope of information to be obtained by an individual MTT, the MTT’s key users, and the existence of standards for the use of an MTT. In addition, the efficiency of individual MTTs was determined, based on a set of criteria to measure their overall ‘level of difficulty’ in terms of time, financial resources and knowledge. Such an approach enabled the compilation of a ranking in terms of efficiency which has marked an important step towards integrating MTTs into the framework of the EU-CHIC identity card