The English language history: brief overview

Робота присвячена історії розвитку англійської мови, починаючи з витоків її утворення, розвитку та змін на шляху становлення мови. Виділяються та описуються три періоди в ході розвитку та становлення англійської мови

Tips for creative writing

У роботі розглядаються основні рекомендації щодо креативного підходу під час написання студентами творчих письмових робіт. Описуються основні прийоми для успішного та вичерпного розкриття творчої письмової роботи студентами

Choosing parameters for one IND- CCA2 secure McEliece modification in the standard model

The paper is devoted to choosing parameters for one IND-CCA2-secure McEliece modification in the standard model. In particular, the underlying code, plaintext length and one-time strong signature scheme are suggested. The choice of parameters for the scheme was based on efficiency, on the one hand, and security, on the other. Also, experiments for the suggested parameters are provided using the NIST statistical test suite. The paper is devoted to choosing parameters for one IND-CCA2-secure McEliece modification in the standard model. In particular, the underlying code, plaintext length and one-time strong signature scheme are suggested. The choice of parameters for the scheme was based on efficiency, on the one hand, and security, on the other. Also, experiments for the suggested parameters are provided using the NIST statistical test suite

On the construction of a semantically secure modification of the McEliece cryptosystem

The security of currently used asymmetric cryptosystems is based on the problems of discrete logarithm or discrete factorization. These problems can be effectively solved using Shor’s algorithm on quantum computers. An alternative to such cryptosystems can be the McEliece cryptosystem. Its security is based on the problem of decoding a general linear code. In its original form, the McEliece cryptosystem is not semantically secure, from here the problem of constructing a semantically secure cryptosystem of the McEliece type is relevant. In the paper, the goal is to construct a McEliece type cryptosystem that has the IND-CPA property. Further, one can suppose that this system can be used as base cryptosystem for building the McEliece type encryption scheme with the IND-CCA2 property and an efficient information transfer rate

Scalability of Parallel Batch Pattern Neural Network Training Algorithm

The development of parallel batch pattern back propagation training algorithm of multilayer perceptron and its scalability research on general-purpose parallel computer are presented in this paper. The model of multilayer perceptron and batch pattern training algorithm are theoretically described. The algorithmic description of the parallel batch pattern training method is presented. The scalability research of the developed parallel algorithm is fulfilled at progressive increasing the dimension of the parallelized problem on general-purpose parallel computer NEC TX-7.Разработка параллельного группового алгоритма обучения обратного распространения ошибки многослойного персептрона и исследование его масштабированности на параллельном компьютере общего назначения представлены в этой статье. Модель многослойного персептрона и групповой алгоритм его обучения описаны формализованным образом. Параллельный групповой алгоритм обучения представлен в алгоритмическом виде. Исследование масштабированности разработанного параллельного алгоритма осуществлено для пропорционально увеличивающегося размера задачи параллелизации на параллельном компьютере общего назначения NEC TX-7.Розробка паралельного групового алгоритму навчання зворотного поширення помилки багатошарового персептрону та дослідження його масштабованості на паралельному комп’ютері загального призначення розглянуті в цій статті. Модель багатошарового персептрону та груповий алгоритм його навчання описані формалізованим чином. Паралельний груповий алгоритм навчання представлено в алгоритмічному вигляді. Дослідження масштабованості розробленого паралельного алгоритму здійснено для пропорційно збільшуваного розміру задачі паралелізації на паралельному комп’ютері загального призначення NEC TX-7

The Ethnic 'Other' in Ukrainian History Textbooks: The Case of Russia and the Russians

This paper examines portrayals of Russia and the Russians in two generations of Ukrainian history textbooks. It observes that the textbooks are highly condemning of Ukraine's main ethnic other in the guise of foreign ruler: the tsarist authorities and the Soviet regime are always attributed dubious and malicious intentions even if there is appreciation for some of their policies. By contrast, the books, certainly those of the second generation, refrain from presenting highly biased accounts of the ethnic other as a national group (i.e. Russians). Instances where negative judgements do fall onto Russians are counterbalanced by excerpts criticizing ethnic Ukrainians or highlighting conflicting interests within the Ukrainian ethnic group. The negative appraisal of the ethnic other as foreign ruler is clearly instrumental for the nation-building project as it sustains a discourse legitimating the existence of Ukraine as independent state. However, recent trends in history education, the paper concludes, suggest that the importance of nurturing patriotism as a national policy objective is diminishing

Efficient S-repetition method for constructing an IND-CCA2 secure McEliece modification in the standard model

The paper is devoted to the construction of IND-CCA2-secure modification of the McEliece cryptosystem in the standard model. The modification uses S-repetition encryption of S/2 various messages with one common secret permutation, in contrast to other modifications that use S -repetition encryption of one message. Thus, this modification provides IND-CCA2-security with an efficient information transfer rate

DAMPAK WISATAWAN ASING TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT (STUDI PADA MASYARAKAT DI KEC. LHOKNGA KAB. ACEH BESAR)

ABSTRAKBerkembangnya pariwisata di tengah masyarakat membawa pengaruh terhadap kehidupan sosial budaya. Pariwisata selalu mempertemukan dua atau lebih kebudayaan yang akan menghasilkan berbagai proses perubahan seperti akulturasi, dominasi, asimilasi, adopsi, adaptasi dan sebagainya. Wisatawan mancanegara yang berkunjung ke Lhoknga telah membawa pengaruh terhadap masyarakat lokal di daerah sekitar objek wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pariwisata terhadap perubahan sosial budaya masyarakat dan mengetahui bentuk perubahan sosial budaya yang terjadi pada masyarakat Lhoknga akibat perkembangan pariwisata di Mukim Lhoknga. Metodologi penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan model studi deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadinya perubahan sosial budaya pada masyarakat lokal di Mukim Lhoknga, Kecamatan Lhoknga Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Namun perubahan yang dimaksud masih dikategorikan perubahan secara mikro, karena tidak membawa pengaruh yang mendalam pada kehidupan masyarakat lokal. Dampak pariwisata terhadap perubahan sosial budaya masyarakat dapat dipilah menjadi dua yaitu dampak positif dan dampak negatif. Dampak positifnya yaitu dengan adanya pariwisata telah membuka lapangan kerja baru bagi masyarakat lokal yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi, mampu menguasai bahasa asing, seperti bahasa Inggris, Jepang. Terbukanya akses bagi masyarakat lokal ke jaringan yang lebih luas, memperlihatkan keindahan alam dan budaya yang tak lepas dari rasa untuk meningkatkan persaudaraan dalam lingkungan nasional dan internasional Sedangkan dampak negatif yaitu, lunturnya budaya lokal (tradisional) akibat masuknya budaya luar (modern). Adapun bentuk-bentuk perubahan dapat dilihat dari dua segi yaitu perubahan segi sosial dan perubahan dari segi budaya. Bentuk perubahan dari segi sosial yaitu terjadinya perubahan struktur sosial masyarakat lokal dengan beralihnya sektor pekerjaan dari petani atau nelayan ke sektor industri, Meningkatnya keinginan untuk berpendidikan tinggi, sedangkan perubahan dari segi budaya yaitu terjadinya perkawinan dari dua unsur budaya yang berbeda, perubahan pada penggunaan bahasa, perubahan cara berpakaian dan perubahan perilaku dalam keluarga.Kata Kunci : Pariwisata, Wisatawan Asing, Perubahan Sosial, Perubahan Budaya.Banda Ace

Clinical Improvement of Active Tuberculosis Patients with Complex Treatment and Nutritional Supplementation

Abstract: Global incidence of tuberculosis, especially multiple-drug resistant tuberculosis, has been increasing, despite development and use of various antimicrobial drugs for decades, leading to 2 million deaths a year. We evaluated the effect of micronutrient supplementation as an adjunct to standard treatment of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, on clinical improvement and frequency of adverse events on 120 patients aged 20 to 65 years diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis at the Kiev Department of Phthisiatry. All participants (Test group) were prescribed standard medication supplemented with vitamin/essential nutrients. A Control group (n=100) of patients recently treated with standard medication alone at this facility were selected by matching to Test patients by stage of disease, confounding conditions, gender, and alcohol consumption. Standard clinical and diagnostic methods were applied to determine baseline values and at the termination of the study. After a two-month period of intensive chemotherapy, cavity healing (primary measure) occurred in 98% of the Test Group, but only in 69% of the Control Group. Furthermore, the Ziehl-Neelson sputum test was negative in 100% of the Test group, but only in 88% of the Control group. Resolution of respiratory compromise was higher in the Test group (87%) than in the Control group (78%). Furthermore, supplementation with vitamin/essential nutrients resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency and severity of adverse events from chemotherapy; only 11% in the Test group experienced adverse events while 46% did so in the Control group. In conclusion, clinical efficacy of chemotherapy was enhanced significantly with adjunctive use of nutrient supplementation. In addition, micronutrient supplementation decreased the frequency and severity of adverse effects from chemotherapy