Bibliography (Part - 3) The publications by the staff of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute 1991-1995

The publications by the staff of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute; Bibliograph

A Hybrid of Improved Bulls and Weighted Round Robin to optimize the Leader and Load Balancing in Cloud and Distributed Computing Environment

Day by Day there is increase of internet users which leads to increase the traffic in the network which causing the generation of huge data. It requires the balancing of network load on the network servers with different Load balancing techniques. It is also required to have efficient algorithm to analysis the huge data in distributed manner to identify the leader to act as centralized point of contact for services. If we audit on the heap adjusting systems, there are a few potential outcomes to upgrade the methods. In the present scenario, we have the methods, round robin algorithm (static load adjusting), Weighted Round Robin algorithm and Least Load algorithm (Dynamic Load Balancing). A researcher D. Chitra Devi .et .al has given the idea of enhanced weighted round robin algorithm (EWRR) which gives much better reaction when contrasted with basic round robin calculation. Another scholar Rashmi Saini et. al recommended the half breed of round robin calculation and minimum Load Algorithm. From the above scholars� articles, I hereby propose a resolution by improved Bulls algorithm along with Weighted Round Robin (WRR) algorithm to achieve high performance in Distributed and Cloud Computing domain in terms of leader election from a group of distributed and non-failed processes, load balancing dynamically and coordinate other nodes. Bulls algorithm uses the following message types: � Election Message: Sent to announce election. � Answer (Alive) Message: Responds to the Election message. � Coordinator (Victory) Message: Sent by winner of the election to announce victory. When coordinator fails to recover a process P, from failure or detecting before failure, the process P performs the following actions: 1. If P has the highest process id, it sends a Victory message to all other processes and becomes the new Coordinator. Otherwise, P broadcasts an Election message to all other processes with higher process IDs than itself. 2. If P does not receive any Election message, then it broadcasts a Victory message to all other processes and becomes the Coordinator. 3. If P receives an Answer from a process with a higher ID, it sends no further messages for this election and waits for a Victory message. When there is no Victory message after a stipulated period, it restarts the process from the beginning. 4. If P receives an Election message from another process with a lower ID it sends an Answer message back and starts the election process at the beginning, by sending an Election message to higher-numbered processes. 5. If P receives a Coordinator message, it treats the sender as the coordinator

A Literature Review on various Ayurveda Dosage forms

Ayurvedic medicines are intended for internal and external use, for or in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of disease or disorder in human beings or animals. Traditional medicine is finding more significance and application today, particularly when we are facing difficulty in the management of numerous medical conditions. Ayurveda is an ancient system of medical science which elucidates about the different forms of dosage, which is the physical form of a medication deliberate for administration. As per Ayurveda the different types of dosage forms can be prepared by the Vaidya (physician) according to Yukti (solution by scientific logic), Seeing Samyog, Vishesha, Kala and Samskara. Different types of dosage forms have been described in the Ayurvedic text. These all are classified in to different types such as Aushadha Kalpana, Aahara Kalpana, and Bahya and Abhyantara Kalpana, including solid, liquid and semisolid forms, As well as their sources also such as plant, animal and mineral origin. The Dosage forms are mainly pre medicated to increase shelf life, palatability and to potency. These all can be used for both purposes internally and externally. Few of the dosage forms of them have been described mainly based on the physical mode of medicine, its uses and advantages

Concept & utility of Nanotechnology in the standardization of Rasadravya

The ancient application of nanomedicine in the form of Ayurvedic Bhasma throws a light on the safer usage of present nanomedicine for a living being and the environment. The use of nanoparticulate metals in therapeutics has been a common practice in Ayurveda. All Bhasma have some common properties such as Rasayana (immunomodulation & anti-aging quality), Yogavahi (target drug delivery), Alpamatra (prescribed in minute doses), Shigravyapi (spreads quickly and fast acting) and Agnideepana (increases metabolism at cellular level and acts as catalyst). Bhasma can be employed for selective/ targeted/controlled drug delivery as they are biocompatible, nontoxic, and nonantigenic in nature. Bhasma is biologically produced nanoparticles with quick and targeted action. E.g Gold nanoparticles in Swarna Bhasma. Ayurvedic Bhasma is considered very safe and economical in comparison to contemporary metal based nanomedicines. The benefits of nanomedicines are indubitable and unstoppable, nevertheless, and safety- related studies should also be carried out rigorously and planned in order to provide guidelines for safer manufacturing practices, keeping care of ecology, and environment. Hence, Ayurvedic Bhasma may hold strong relevance in the emerging era of nanomedicine and can serve as an excellent template for the development of nanomedicine for an efficient therapeutic cure

Pharmaceutico - Analytical Study of Haragouri Rasa

Rasa Shastra basically deals with the pharmaceutics of drugs of mineral and metallic origin. In Rasa Shastra Kupipakwa Rasayana holds an unique importance as compared to other formulations due to its miraculous effects on dreadful and chronic ailments, with rapid action. Kupipakwa Rasayana are well known to be potent because of specific pharmaceutical process, excellent clinical result, long lasting potency and safety even on prolonged use. The Kupipakwa Rasayanas are prepared in especially prepared glass bottle, called as Kupi, by adopting a specially designed instrument, known as Valuka Yantra. Haragouri Rasa is a sublimated mercurial preparation known for its use in different types of Vata-Vyadhi, Rasayana, Vajikarana. Now a days people are more suffering from different types of Vatavyadhi due to different kinds of lifestyle, food habits etc

Areca nut and its role in oral submucous fibrosis

Areca nut, commonly called as betel nut or supari, is a fruit of areca catechu palm tree, which is native of South Asia and Pacific Islands. The seed or endosperm is consumed fresh, boiled or after sun drying or curing. Chewing areca nut is thought to have central nervous system stimulating effect and along with this it is known to have salivary stimulating and digestive properties. According to the traditional Ayurvedic medicine, chewing areca nut and betel leaf is a good remedy against halitosis. It is also used for its deworming property. Along with these beneficial effects of areca nut one of its most harmful effects on the human body in general and oral cavity in particular is the development of potentially malignant disorder called Oral Submucous Fibrosis. The present paper discusses in detail the effects of the components of areca nut on pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Medication adherence and its determinants amongst anti-hypertensive patients in a tertiary care hospital in Navi Mumbai

Background: Anti-hypertensive drugs can effectively control hypertension, subject to good adherence. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to numerous complications, some even potentially fatal, such as myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, thromboembolism, shock and stroke.Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted with the help of a pre-validated questionnaire during the course of 6 months in the medicine outpatient department and the inpatient department (wards) at a tertiary care hospital, Navi Mumbai in 200 hypertensive patients to calculate the correlation of the sociodemographic factors with adherence by the chi-squared test.Results: The overall percentage of adherence to antihypertensive medication was 34.8%. It was the highest (72.1%) in the younger age group, i.e., below 50 years. It was observed that as the age increases, the adherence to treatment decreases. Adherence rates were significantly higher among females and those individuals who had never attended school. Among the employed, 70.3% were adherent to their treatment and among the unemployed, 64.4% were adherent. The percentage of adherence was lower in alcohol consumers (9.5%) as compared to nonusers (76% and 32%, respectively).Conclusions: The clinician advising anti-hypertensive therapy should provide thorough counselling and stress on the issues created due to poor medication adherence as hypertension can be associated with severe outcomes. Treatments should be given in accordance with each patient’s lifestyles in mind such that they may continue taking their medications till the completion of their therapy

Ublažavajući učinak biljke Andrographis paniculata na promjene u brojlera uzrokovane bakterijom E. coli

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the ameliorative effect of Andrographis paniculata during E. coli-induced pathology in broilers. Day-old broiler chicks (n = 100) were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group I served as a negative control and was fed with a commercial diet. On day 8, the birds from groups II and IV were challenged with a single oral dose of E. coli broth culture 0.2 mL (1×109 cfu/mL). Groups III and IV were fed with Andrographis paniculata 5 g/kg of feed from day old to the end of the experiment. The total duration of the experiment was 35 days. On the 7th, 21st and 28th day post infection (DPI) with E. coli, six birds from each group were randomly sacrificed and observed for gross and histopathogical observations. Group II birds showed ascites and thickened intestinal mucosa with cheesy material on the 28th and 35th DPI. Pathomorphological alterations, viz. congestion, hemorrhages, degenerations, necrosis, fibrinous exudates, edema, mononuclear cell and heterophil infiltration in the lung, liver, heart, kidneys and duodenum were observed in group II birds, along with depletion of the lymphoid cell population in the spleen. Pretreatment of Andrographis paniculata in the E. coli challenged group led to mild degenerative changes in all organs, indicating the putative protective effect of the plant during E. coli induced pathology in broilers. However, further, more elaborated study is required to calculate the dosage of Andrographis paniculata for use as an antibacterial agent in broiler feed.Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se procijenio ublažavajući učinak biljke Kineski andrografis (Andrographis paniculata) na patološke procese u brojlera uzrokovane bakterijom E. coli. Jednodnevni pilići (n = 100) slučajnim su odabirom podijeljeni u četiri jednake skupine. Prva je skupina poslužila kao negativna kontrola i hranjena je komercijalnom hranom. Osmi dan pilićima iz druge i četvrte skupine peroralno je dana jednokratna doza E. coli bujona u količini od 0,2 mL (1×109 cfu/mL). Treća i četvrta skupina hranjene su biljkom Andrographis paniculata u količini od 5 g/kg hrane od početka do kraja pokusa. Istraživanje je trajalo 35 dana. Sedmi, 21. i 28. dan nakon zaražavanja bakterijom E. coli po šest pilića iz svake skupine nasumce je usmrćeno te su promatrane makroskopske i patohistološke promjene. U drugoj je skupini uočen ascites i zadebljanje crijevne sluznice sa sirastim naslagama 28. i 35. dan poslije zaražavanja. U toj su skupini promatrane patomorfološke promjene poput kongestije, krvarenja, degeneracije, nekroze, fibrinskog eksudata, edema, infiltracije pluća, jetre, srca, bubrega i dvanaesnika mononuklearnim i heterofilnim stanicama, uz depleciju limfoidnih stanica u slezeni. Dodavanje biljke Andrographis paniculata skupini zaraženoj bakterijom E. coli utjecalo je na pojavu blažih degenerativnih promjena u svim organima, što upućuje na zaštitni učinak biljke tijekom izlaganja brojlera bakteriji E. coli. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja kako bi se izračunala doza biljke Andrographis paniculata kao antibakterijskog dodatka/lijeka u prehrani brojlera

Response of Groundnut Genotypes to Drought Stress During Post Rainy Season

Groundnut is a major cash crop in the semi-arid tropics, where it is grown mainly under rainfed conditions. As rainfed condition is characterized by low, irratic and unassured rainfall, creates drought condition at any stage of the crop growth. The occurrence of drought is considered as a major factor for limiting the yield of groundnut in semi-arid tropicsl. Maximum pod yield was reported in DVR 50 and CGC 4018 under stress condition among spreading and bunch groups, respectivelr. Response 'of different genotypes to different drought patterns helps in selection of better genotypes for drought tolerance. Therefore an attempt was made to study the drought tolerance ability of twenty genotypes of groundnut under mid season and end season drought conditions.....

HIV and cancer registry linkage identifies a substantial burden of cancers in persons with HIV in India.

We utilized computerized record-linkage methods to link HIV and cancer databases with limited unique identifiers in Pune, India, to determine feasibility of linkage and obtain preliminary estimates of cancer risk in persons living with HIV (PLHIV) as compared with the general population.Records of 32,575 PLHIV were linked to 31,754 Pune Cancer Registry records (1996-2008) using a probabilistic-matching algorithm. Cancer risk was estimated by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) in the early (4-27 months after HIV registration), late (28-60 months), and overall (4-60 months) incidence periods. Cancers diagnosed prior to or within 3 months of HIV registration were considered prevalent.Of 613 linked cancers to PLHIV, 188 were prevalent, 106 early incident, and 319 late incident. Incident cancers comprised 11.5% AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs), including cervical cancer and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but not Kaposi sarcoma (KS), and 88.5% non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs). Risk for any incident cancer diagnosis in early, late, and combined periods was significantly elevated among PLHIV (SIRs: 5.6 [95% CI 4.6-6.8], 17.7 [95% CI 15.8-19.8], and 11.5 [95% CI 10-12.6], respectively). Cervical cancer risk was elevated in both incidence periods (SIRs: 9.6 [95% CI 4.8-17.2] and 22.6 [95% CI 14.3-33.9], respectively), while NHL risk was elevated only in the late incidence period (SIR: 18.0 [95% CI 9.8-30.20]). Risks for NADCs were dramatically elevated (SIR > 100) for eye-orbit, substantially (SIR > 20) for all-mouth, esophagus, breast, unspecified-leukemia, colon-rectum-anus, and other/unspecified cancers; moderately elevated (SIR > 10) for salivary gland, penis, nasopharynx, and brain-nervous system, and mildly elevated (SIR > 5) for stomach. Risks for 6 NADCs (small intestine, testis, lymphocytic leukemia, prostate, ovary, and melanoma) were not elevated and 5 cancers, including multiple myeloma not seen.Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using probabilistic record-linkage to study cancer/other comorbidities among PLHIV in India and provides preliminary population-based estimates of cancer risks in PLHIV in India. Our results, suggesting a potentially substantial burden and slightly different spectrum of cancers among PLHIV in India, support efforts to conduct multicenter linkage studies to obtain precise estimates and to monitor cancer risk in PLHIV in India