Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity of Various Extracts of Evolvulus Alsinoides Linn Using Lung Cancer Cell Line(A549) by Invitro Methods.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The present study to identify the Phytochemical constituents present in Ethyl acetate, Ethanol and Petroleum ether extract of Evolvulus alsinoides. To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of Ethyl acetate, Ethanol and Petroleum ether extract of Evolvulus alsinoides in human lung cancerous cell line A549 and to establish IC5O concentration. To evaluate the Apoptotic effect of effective extract of Evolvulus alsinoides . To evaluate the Protein levels in the effective extract of Evolvulus alsinoides treated cancerous cell line. To evaluate the Gene expression levels in the effective extract of Evolvulus alsinoides treated cancerous cell line. Cancer is considered as a serious health problem worldwide. Lung cancer remains a major global health problem and leading cause of cancer mortalities in most of the countries in the world with approximately 1.3 million new cases and 300000 deaths each year estimated by World Health Organisation. Lung cancer has been classified into two groups namely small cell and non small cell lung cancer, with the latter being more prevalent accounting for nearly 80% of lung cancer cases.Cancer is considered as a serious health problem worldwide. Lung cancer remains a major global health problem and leading cause of cancer mortalities in most of the countries in the world with approximately 1.3 million new cases and 300000 deaths each year estimated by World Health Organisation. Lung cancer has been classified into two groups namely small cell and non small cell lung cancer, with the latter being more prevalent accounting for nearly 80% of lung cancer cases. With increase in mortality rates among patients suffering from cancer and with limited success being achieved in clinical therapies including radiation, chemotherapy, immune modulation and surgery in treating cancer patients, there arises a need for new way of cancer management. Natural phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants have attained a greater significance in potential management of several diseases including cancer. Several researches have been carried out in evaluation of plant extracts as prophylactic agents which offer greater potential to inhibit carcinogenic process. The mechanism of inhibition of tumour progression by natural phytochemicals range from inhibition of genotoxic effects, increased anti inflammatory and anti oxidant effect, inhibition of cell proliferation, protection of intracellular communications to modulate apoptosis and signal transduction pathways. Discovery of effective herbs and elucidation of their underlying mechanisms could lead to development of an alternative and complimentary method for cancer prevention and treatment. Medicinal plants constitute a common alternative for cancer prevention and treatment in many countries around world. Currently more than 3000 plants around world have been reported to possess anti cancer properties. Screening of different plant components in search of anti cancer drugs is one of the main research activities throughout the world. Vinca alkaloids and cytotoxic podophyllotoxins were discovered in the 1950’s as first anticancer agents from plants. In addition to several plants extracted compounds such as camptothecin, vincristine, vinblastine, taxol and podophyllotoxin , many of the natural compounds were structurally modified to result in stronger anti cancer analogues with less adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Evaluation of Phytochemical analysis of ethyl acetate, ethanol and petroleum ether extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides revealed the presence of proteins, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, phenols and flavanoids. In this present study, Ethyl acetate extract of Evolvulus alsinoides was found to possess potent cytotoxic activity in human lung cancerous cell line A549 and was compared with standard drug 5 Fluorouracil. The Apoptotic effect was confirmed in treated cells by appearance of loss of membrane integrity, leakage of cytoplasmic contents and fragmentation of DNA in treated cells. Its anti cancer effect was further confirmed by reduced levels of proteins Phospho histidine phosphatase and C Reactive Protein in ethyl acetate extract of Evolvulus alsinoides treated cells, whose elevated levels are said to possess a risk in cancer development. Its apoptotic and anti cancer effect may be due to up regulation of genes like p53 and TNF α and down regulation of genes like Bcl-2 and IL-6, which was confirmed by RT-PCR. These results show that ethyl acetate extract of Evolvulus alsinoides possess anti cancer effect and for future perspective, it can be further confirmed by isolating the compounds responsible for the activity and studying the exact mechanism by which the plant possess this activity and confirm the results using in vivo animal models

The potential of urinary metabolites for diagnosing multiple sclerosis

A definitive diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis (MS) does not exist; instead physicians use a combination of medical history, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF). Significant effort has been employed to identify biomarkers from CSF to facilitate MS diagnosis; however none of the proposed biomarkers have been successful to date. Urine is a proven source of metabolite biomarkers and has the potential to be a rapid, non-invasive, inexpensive, and efficient diagnostic tool for various human diseases. Nevertheless, urinary metabolites have not been extensively explored as a source of biomarkers for MS. Instead, we demonstrate that urinary metabolites have significant promise for monitoring disease-progression, and response to treatment in MS patients. NMR analysis of urine permitted the identification of metabolites that differentiate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)-mice (prototypic disease model for MS) from healthy and MS drug-treated EAE mice

Directional growth, physicochemical and quantum chemical investigations on pyridinium 2-carboxylate: 4-nitrophenol (P2C4N) single crystal for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications

An organic nonlinear optical (NLO) single crystal of pyridinium 2-carboxylate: 4-nitrophenol (P2C4N) was grown by the Sankaranarayanan-Ramasamy (SR) method using the (1 1 -1) plane. A transparent crystal of size 180 mm in length and 10 mm in diameter was grown over a period of 60 days. The lattice parameters and the molecular structure of the grown crystal were confirmed by single crystal XRD and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum analysis, respectively. The crystalline perfection of the SR method-grown crystal was evaluated by HRXRD analysis; from the observed results, it is evident that the crystal quality is quite good. UV-Vis-NIR analysis shows that the SR method-grown crystal has good transparency (90%) in the visible and NIR regions. The band gap of the title crystal was estimated by the Tauc's plot method and was found to be 3 eV. The title material is thermally stable up to 141 degrees C, and it demonstrates positive photoconductive behaviour. Vickers microhardness studies revealed that the grown crystal can be categorized as a soft material. The laser damage threshold of P2C4N was found to be 2.9 GW cm(-2), which shows that the grown crystal possesses excellent resistance to high power radiation. Z-Scan studies proved that the grown crystal possesses self-defocusing effects and negative nonlinearity. The theoretical spectra were calculated using the B3LYP/cc-pVTZ basis set and were compared with the experimental FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title molecule. The full vibrational assignments of the observed spectra have been proposed by normal coordinate analysis (NCA) followed by force-field calculations. Quantum chemical studies, such as optimized geometry, HOMO-LUMO, natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, AIM analysis, hyperpolarizability and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) were performed for the title molecule. The results are discussed in detail