137 research outputs found
A scalable analytical framework for spatio-temporal analysis of neighborhood change: A sequence analysis approach
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020. Spatio-temporal changes reflect the complexity and evolution of demographic and socio-economic processes. Changes in the spatial distribution of population and consumer demand at urban and rural areas are expected to trigger changes in future housing and infrastructure needs. This paper presents a scalable analytical framework for understanding spatio-temporal population change, using a sequence analysis approach. This paper uses gridded cell Census data for Great Britain from 1971 to 2011 with 10-year intervals, creating neighborhood typologies for each Census year. These typologies are then used to analyze transitions of grid cells between different types of neighborhoods and define representative trajectories of neighborhood change. The results reveal seven prevalent trajectories of neighborhood change across Great Britain, identifying neighborhoods which have experienced stable, upward and downward pathways through the national socioeconomic hierarchy over the last four decades
TITUS: the Tokai Intermediate Tank for the Unoscillated Spectrum
68 pages.38 figures68 pages.38 figures68 pages.38 figures70 pages, 41 figuresThe TITUS, Tokai Intermediate Tank for Unoscillated Spectrum, detector, is a proposed Gd-doped Water Cherenkov tank with a magnetised muon range detector downstream. It is located at J-PARC at about 2 km from the neutrino target and it is proposed as a potential near detector for the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. Assuming a beam power of 1.3 MW and 27.05 x 10^{21} protons-on-target the sensitivity to CP and mixing parameters achieved by Hyper-Kamiokande with TITUS as a near detector is presented. Also, the potential of the detector for cross sections and Standard Model parameter determination, supernova neutrino and dark matter are shown
Search for proton decay into three charged leptons in 0.37 megaton-years exposure of the Super-Kamiokande
A search for proton decay into three charged leptons has been performed by using 0.37 Mton⋅years of data collected in Super-Kamiokande. All possible combinations of electrons, muons, and their antiparticles consistent with charge conservation were considered as decay modes. No significant excess of events has been found over the background, and lower limits on the proton lifetime divided by the branching ratio have been obtained. The limits range between 9.2×10^33 and 3.4×10^34 years at 90% confidence level, improving by more than an order of magnitude upon limits from previous experiments. A first limit has been set for the p→μ^−e^+e^+ mode
Clinical Utility of Random Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Drug–Level Testing and Measurement of Antidrug Antibodies on the Long-Term Treatment Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Objective: To investigate whether antidrug antibodies and/or drug non-trough levels predict the long-term treatment response in a large cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with adalimumab or etanercept and to identify factors influencing antidrug antibody and drug levels to optimize future treatment decisions. Methods: A total of 331 patients from an observational prospective cohort were selected (160 patients treated with adalimumab and 171 treated with etanercept). Antidrug antibody levels were measured by radioimmunoassay, and drug levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 835 serial serum samples obtained 3, 6, and 12 months after initiation of therapy. The association between antidrug antibodies and drug non-trough levels and the treatment response (change in the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints) was evaluated. Results: Among patients who completed 12 months of followup, antidrug antibodies were detected in 24.8% of those receiving adalimumab (31 of 125) and in none of those receiving etanercept. At 3 months, antidrug antibody formation and low adalimumab levels were significant predictors of no response according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) criteria at 12 months (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.71 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.57, 0.85]). Antidrug antibody–positive patients received lower median dosages of methotrexate compared with antidrug antibody–negative patients (15 mg/week versus 20 mg/week; P = 0.01) and had a longer disease duration (14.0 versus 7.7 years; P = 0.03). The adalimumab level was the best predictor of change in the DAS28 at 12 months, after adjustment for confounders (regression coefficient 0.060 [95% CI 0.015, 0.10], P = 0.009). Etanercept levels were associated with the EULAR response at 12 months (regression coefficient 0.088 [95% CI 0.019, 0.16], P = 0.012); however, this difference was not significant after adjustment. A body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 and poor adherence were associated with lower drug levels. Conclusion: Pharmacologic testing in anti–tumor necrosis factor–treated patients is clinically useful even in the absence of trough levels. At 3 months, antidrug antibodies and low adalimumab levels are significant predictors of no response according to the EULAR criteria at 12 months
Search for Cosmic-ray Boosted Sub-GeV Dark Matter using Recoil Protons at Super-Kamiokande
We report a search for cosmic-ray boosted dark matter with protons using the
0.37 megatonyears data collected at Super-Kamiokande experiment during
the 1996-2018 period (SKI-IV phase). We searched for an excess of proton
recoils above the atmospheric neutrino background from the vicinity of the
Galactic Center. No such excess is observed, and limits are calculated for two
reference models of dark matter with either a constant interaction
cross-section or through a scalar mediator. This is the first experimental
search for boosted dark matter with hadrons using directional information. The
results present the most stringent limits on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter and
exclude the dark matter-nucleon elastic scattering cross-section between
and for dark matter mass
from 10 MeV/ to 1 GeV/.Comment: With 1-page appendi
Performance of SK-Gd's Upgraded Real-time Supernova Monitoring System
Among multi-messenger observations of the next galactic core-collapse
supernova, Super-Kamiokande (SK) plays a critical role in detecting the emitted
supernova neutrinos, determining the direction to the supernova (SN), and
notifying the astronomical community of these observations in advance of the
optical signal. On 2022, SK has increased the gadolinium dissolved in its water
target (SK-Gd) and has achieved a Gd concentration of 0.033%, resulting in
enhanced neutron detection capability, which in turn enables more accurate
determination of the supernova direction. Accordingly, SK-Gd's real-time
supernova monitoring system (Abe te al. 2016b) has been upgraded. SK_SN Notice,
a warning system that works together with this monitoring system, was released
on December 13, 2021, and is available through GCN Notices (Barthelmy et al.
2000). When the monitoring system detects an SN-like burst of events, SK_SN
Notice will automatically distribute an alarm with the reconstructed direction
to the supernova candidate within a few minutes. In this paper, we present a
systematic study of SK-Gd's response to a simulated galactic SN. Assuming a
supernova situated at 10 kpc, neutrino fluxes from six supernova models are
used to characterize SK-Gd's pointing accuracy using the same tools as the
online monitoring system. The pointing accuracy is found to vary from
3-7 depending on the models. However, if the supernova is closer than
10 kpc, SK_SN Notice can issue an alarm with three-degree accuracy, which will
benefit follow-up observations by optical telescopes with large fields of view.Comment: 38 pages, 29 figures, 6 table
Search for Periodic Time Variations of the Solar B Neutrino Flux Between 1996 and 2018 in Super-Kamiokande
We report a search for time variations of the solar B neutrino flux using
5,804 live days of Super-Kamiokande data collected between May 31, 1996, and
May 30, 2018. Super-Kamiokande measured the precise time of each solar neutrino
interaction over 22 calendar years to search for solar neutrino flux
modulations with unprecedented precision. Periodic modulations are searched for
in a data set comprised of five-day interval solar neutrino flux measurements
with a maximum likelihood method. We also applied the Lomb-Scargle method to
this data set to compare it with previous reports. The only significant
modulation found is due to the elliptic orbit of the Earth around the Sun. The
observed modulation is consistent with astronomical data: we measured an
eccentricity of (1.530.35)\,\%, and a perihelion shift is
(1.513.5)\,days.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, and data file:
"sksolartimevariation5804d.txt
Measurement of the cosmogenic neutron yield in Super-Kamiokande with gadolinium loaded water
Cosmic-ray muons that enter the Super-Kamiokande detector cause hadronic
showers due to spallation in water, producing neutrons and radioactive
isotopes. Those are a major background source for studies of MeV-scale
neutrinos and searches for rare events. Since 2020, gadolinium was introduced
in the ultra-pure water in the Super-Kamiokande detector to improve the
detection efficiency of neutrons. In this study, the cosmogenic neutron yield
was measured using data acquired during the period after the gadolinium
loading. The yield was found to be at
259 GeV of average muon energy at the Super-Kamiokande detector.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, 3 table
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