Економічна ефективність використання кормів при виробництві молока у сільськогосподарських підприємствах України

The article conducted comprehensive studies of the economic efficiency of using feed in milk production in Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. The principal value and natural indicators that characterize the productivity of feed use in dairy cattle breeding are defined. Based on the benchmarking technique, an assessment of the relative technological efficiency of the use of feed by the regions of Ukraine was carried out, and potential reserves of their reduction relative to the reference value of the indicator of feed consumption per 1 t of milk was established. The main measures to increase the economic efficiency of using feed in milk production in Ukraine's agricultural enterprises are proposed. According to the results of the study, it was established that the payment of feed in enterprises that produce milk in Ukraine for 2010-2023 increased from 2.5 to 17 UAH per 1 feed unit, which is due to the devaluation of the national currency during the studied period and partly due to the increase in technological efficiency use of fodder. In terms of US dollars, the feed payment for milk production during the same period increased from 0.31 to 0.51 dollars per 1 feed unit. As of the end of 2023, Ukrainian enterprises spent an average of 0.41 dollars of the cost of all types of feed to obtain 1 dollar of the cost of raw milk sold. Accordingly, for 1 dollar of the cost of fodder, enterprises produce and sell raw milk worth 2.41 dollars. It is essential to diversify milk sales channels with a partial focus on direct sales directly to the final consumer, taking into account the almost three-fold ratio between the level of retail and wholesale prices of milk sales. To increase the economic efficiency of the use of fodder in the dairy cattle industry of Ukraine, it is also necessary to implement a system of organizational and technological measures to improve the conditions of keeping, animal care, veterinary support, optimization of feeding rations, fodder storage conditions, implementation of cow productivity monitoring using specialized software.У статті проведені комплексні дослідження рівня економічної ефективності використання кормів при виробництві молока в сільськогосподарських підприємствах України. Визначено основні вартісні та натуральні показники, які характеризують продуктивність використання кормів у молочному скотарстві. На основі використання методики бенчмаркінгу проведено оцінку відносної технологічної ефективності використання кормів за областями України та встановлено потенційні резерви їх зниження відносно еталонного значення показника витрат кормів у розрахунку на 1 ц молока. Запропоновано основні заходи щодо підвищення економічної ефективності використання кормів при виробництві молока в сільськогосподарських підприємствах України. Відповідно до одержаних результатів дослідження встановлено, що оплата корму в підприємствах, які виробляють молоко в Україні за 2010-2023 рр. зросла від 2,5 до 17 грн/к.од., що зумовлено знеціненням національної грошової одиниці протягом досліджуваного періоду та частково через підвищення технологічної ефективності використання кормів. У перерахунку на долар США оплата корму при виробництві молока за аналогічний період підвищилася з 0,31 до 0,51 доларів на 1 кормову одиницю. Станом на кінець 2023 р. на одержання 1 долара вартості реалізованого сирого молока підприємствами України в середньому затрачається 0,41 долара вартості кормів усіх видів. Відповідно на 1 долар вартості кормів підприємства виробляють та реалізують сирого молока на суму 2,41 долара. Важливою є диверсифікація каналів продажу молока з частковою орієнтацією на прямий продаж безпосередньо кінцевому споживачу враховуючи майже трьох-разове співвідношення між рівнем роздрібної та оптової ціни реалізації молока. Для підвищення економічної ефективності використання кормів у молочному скотарстві України також необхідно впроваджувати систему організаційно-технологічних заходів щодо удосконалення умов утримання, догляду за тваринами, ветеринарного забезпечення, оптимізації раціонів годівлі, умов зберігання кормів, впровадження моніторингу продуктивності корів з використанням спеціалізованого програмного забезпечення

Temporal changes in the epidemiology, management, and outcome from acute respiratory distress syndrome in European intensive care units: a comparison of two large cohorts

Background: Mortality rates for patients with ARDS remain high. We assessed temporal changes in the epidemiology and management of ARDS patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in European ICUs. We also investigated the association between ventilatory settings and outcome in these patients. Methods: This was a post hoc analysis of two cohorts of adult ICU patients admitted between May 1–15, 2002 (SOAP study, n = 3147), and May 8–18, 2012 (ICON audit, n = 4601 admitted to ICUs in the same 24 countries as the SOAP study). ARDS was defined retrospectively using the Berlin definitions. Values of tidal volume, PEEP, plateau pressure, and FiO2 corresponding to the most abnormal value of arterial PO2 were recorded prospectively every 24 h. In both studies, patients were followed for outcome until death, hospital discharge or for 60 days. Results: The frequency of ARDS requiring mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay was similar in SOAP and ICON (327[10.4%] vs. 494[10.7%], p = 0.793). The diagnosis of ARDS was established at a median of 3 (IQ: 1–7) days after admission in SOAP and 2 (1–6) days in ICON. Within 24 h of diagnosis, ARDS was mild in 244 (29.7%), moderate in 388 (47.3%), and severe in 189 (23.0%) patients. In patients with ARDS, tidal volumes were lower in the later (ICON) than in the earlier (SOAP) cohort. Plateau and driving pressures were also lower in ICON than in SOAP. ICU (134[41.1%] vs 179[36.9%]) and hospital (151[46.2%] vs 212[44.4%]) mortality rates in patients with ARDS were similar in SOAP and ICON. High plateau pressure (> 29 cmH2O) and driving pressure (> 14 cmH2O) on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume (> 8 ml/kg predicted body weight [PBW]) were independently associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death. Conclusion: The frequency of and outcome from ARDS remained relatively stable between 2002 and 2012. Plateau pressure > 29 cmH2O and driving pressure > 14 cmH2O on the first day of mechanical ventilation but not tidal volume > 8 ml/kg PBW were independently associated with a higher risk of death. These data highlight the continued burden of ARDS and provide hypothesis-generating data for the design of future studies

The clinical relevance of oliguria in the critically ill patient : Analysis of a large observational database

Funding Information: Marc Leone reports receiving consulting fees from Amomed and Aguettant; lecture fees from MSD, Pfizer, Octapharma, 3 M, Aspen, Orion; travel support from LFB; and grant support from PHRC IR and his institution. JLV is the Editor-in-Chief of Critical Care. The other authors declare that they have no relevant financial interests. Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Urine output is widely used as one of the criteria for the diagnosis and staging of acute renal failure, but few studies have specifically assessed the role of oliguria as a marker of acute renal failure or outcomes in general intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Using a large multinational database, we therefore evaluated the occurrence of oliguria (defined as a urine output 16 years) patients in the ICON audit who had a urine output measurement on the day of admission were included. To investigate the association between oliguria and mortality, we used a multilevel analysis. Results: Of the 8292 patients included, 2050 (24.7%) were oliguric during the first 24 h of admission. Patients with oliguria on admission who had at least one additional 24-h urine output recorded during their ICU stay (n = 1349) were divided into three groups: transient - oliguria resolved within 48 h after the admission day (n = 390 [28.9%]), prolonged - oliguria resolved > 48 h after the admission day (n = 141 [10.5%]), and permanent - oliguria persisting for the whole ICU stay or again present at the end of the ICU stay (n = 818 [60.6%]). ICU and hospital mortality rates were higher in patients with oliguria than in those without, except for patients with transient oliguria who had significantly lower mortality rates than non-oliguric patients. In multilevel analysis, the need for RRT was associated with a significantly higher risk of death (OR = 1.51 [95% CI 1.19-1.91], p = 0.001), but the presence of oliguria on admission was not (OR = 1.14 [95% CI 0.97-1.34], p = 0.103). Conclusions: Oliguria is common in ICU patients and may have a relatively benign nature if only transient. The duration of oliguria and need for RRT are associated with worse outcome.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Theoretical studies of the ellipsoidal-shaped particles’ behaviourin the channel of pneumo-electric separator bumping into its walls

It is widely known that during the post-harvest handling of a number of crops pneumatic separators are often used. It is proved that in order to improve separation process by using an air flow becomes possible through the use in the separation channels an electric field of corona discharge as additional working body. The electric field makes an additional force effect on the particles of the separated mixture. Since the seeds of cultivated plants and weeds belong to different species, their electrical properties interact with the working bodies of pneumatic separators in different ways that enables quality improvement of seed mixtures separation. We consider the ellipsoidal particles’ behaviour under the influence of gravity, electric power and air flow in pneumo-electric separator channel taking into account their bumping into the walls. We also worked out the differential equations that reflect the mathematical model of the particles under the totality of these forces. This model describes the movement of particles in the pneumo-electric separator channel and allows at any time to calculate the coordinates of trajectories. Based on their analysis we can explore the influence of the controlled process parameters on the pneumo-electric separation and determine their optimal parameters under which the separation of the investigated seed mixtures is the most effective and the components of which are of ellipsoid shape

Tetraphenylborate-Sensitive Electrode for Measuring Membrane Potential

ABSTRACT. The paper describes the construction of a new type of ion·selective electrode sensitive to tetraphenylborate (TPB-) and its electric characteristics. The electrode responds to increasing concentrations of the TPB- anion in accordance with the Nernst equation and can be used down to 0.1 [J.M concentration. The applicability of the electrode for measuring the membrane ' potential (pollitive inside) was proved in inside-out oriented membrane vesicles derived from Paracoccus deriitrificans. The calculated values were 175 ± 12 mV with NADH and 180 ± 6 mV with succinate. Abbreviations: TPP+ tetra phenylphosphonium, SCN- thiocyanate, TPB- tetraphenylborate. For measuring the membrane potential (negative inside) with the aid of permeant ion distribution the most suitable and commonly applicable method is the use of a TPP+-sensitive electrode (Kamo et al. 1979), the reliability of which for bacterial preparation has recently been proved (Felle et al. 1980; Singh and Bragg 1979). Of the anion-selective electrodes required for membrane potential measurements (positiye inside) the electrode sensitive to SeN- has been widely used. The disadvantage of the type commercially available (Orion 94-58) ' is the relatively low sensitivity to SCNions; therefore, the sensibilized nitrate module of the type Orion 93-07 was introduce

Modelling of force action on ellipsoid-shape seed in pneumo-electric separator channel

The behavior of seed in pneumo-electric separator channel is revealed. The characteristic of the active forces on ellipsoid-shape seed is demonstrated. Due to a differential equations you can find the coordinates of seed mixtures particles’ motion to determine the conditions under which we get maximum effect

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕКСПОРТНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ В РАМКАХ СПІВРОБІТНИЦТВА З КРАЇНАМИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ

Over the past three years, Ukraine finally consolidated its status of world leader in the production and export of agricultural products. As recognized experts, there is still great potential. However, one of the most important achievements of the past few years has been winning food market of the European Union. Following the Ukrainian grain in the European market on the shelves of European supermarkets there are foods labeled "Made in Ukraine". Europe is interested in our products, but this has its own inherent "rules." Ukraine needs at least 2-3 years of hard work to get access to the European market for all types of agricultural products. And that hard work involves both taking the necessary legislation and, above all, - improving existing business practices.В течение последних трех лет Украина окончательно закрепила за собой статус мирового лидера по производству и экспорту аграрной продукции. И как признают эксперты, впереди еще большой потенциал. Однако, одним из главных достижений последних нескольких лет стало завоевание продовольственного рынка Европейского Союза. Вслед за украинскими зерновыми на европейском рынке, на полках европейских супермаркетов появляются продукты питания с пометкой «Сделано в Украине». Европа заинтересована в нашей продукции, но здесь существуют свои неотъемлемые «правила игры». Украине необходимо минимум 2-3 года напряженной работы, чтобы получить выход на европейский рынок по всем видам продукции сельского хозяйства. И эта напряженная работа включает как принятие необходимых законодательных актов, так и прежде всего - совершенствование уже существующих бизнес-практик.Протягом останніх трьох років Україна остаточно закріпила за собою статус світового лідера з виробництва та експорту аграрної продукції. І як визнають експерти, попереду ще великий потенціал. Проте, одним із найголовніших досягнень останніх декількох років стало завоювання законодавчих актів, так і, насамперед, – вдосконалення вже існуючих бізнес-практик

CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF MAGNESIUM IN OBSTETRICS, GYNECOLOGY AND PERINATOLOGY

Significant biochemical role of magnesium in the body is well-known, as well as good proven clinical efficacy of magnesium in obstetrics and gynecology. Magnesium preparations, in particular magnesium sulfate, are recommended as the treatment of choice for premature birth, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. There is evidence and its neuroprotective effects on the fetus. Restricts the use of magnesium sulfate possibility of overdose with serious side effects. Reduce the risk of overdose can be minimized using standard protocols, independent double-check, monitoring the patient’scondition. Magnesium sulfate therapy, as a means of emergency, cannot compensate for a deficiency of magnesium, which is associated with the development of obstetric pathologies such as threatened miscarriage, premature birth, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia, thrombophilia, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), the appointment of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT), climacteric syndrome. Justified use of organic salts of magnesium orally – along with better bioavailability they do not lead to serious side effects in overdose. Using organicmagnesium salts to control magnesium deficiency and related symptoms is also shown at the ICP, and the appointment of COCs HRT during menopause. The use of magnesium citrate is the most preferred because citrate anion causes high bioavailability of magnesium, it is also required in the Krebs cycle and recycled into carbon dioxide and water. Thismakes it an ideal transporter of magnesium into cells