Hospital use of young children in Switzerland: A nation-wide study based on a complete survey over 4 years

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Young children are known to be the most frequent hospital users compared to older children and young adults. Therefore, they are an important population from economic and policy perspectives of health care delivery. In Switzerland complete hospitalization discharge records for children [<5 years] of four consecutive years [2002–2005] were evaluated in order to analyze variation in patterns of hospital use.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Stationary and outpatient hospitalization rates on aggregated ZIP code level were calculated based on census data provided by the Swiss federal statistical office (BfS). Thirty-seven hospital service areas for children [HSAP] were created with the method of "small area analysis", reflecting user-based health markets. Descriptive statistics and general linear models were applied to analyze the data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The mean stationary hospitalization rate over four years was 66.1 discharges per 1000 children. Hospitalizations for respiratory problem are most dominant in young children (25.9%) and highest hospitalization rates are associated with geographical factors of urban areas and specific language regions. Statistical models yielded significant effect estimates for these factors and a significant association between ambulatory/outpatient and stationary hospitalization rates.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The utilization-based approach, using HSAP as spatial representation of user-based health markets, is a valid instrument and allows assessing the supply and demand of children's health care services. The study provides for the first time estimates for several factors associated with the large variation in the utilization and provision of paediatric health care resources in Switzerland.</p

WHO ARE THE STUDENTS OF THE DENTISTRY PROGRAM AT ULBRA IN CANOAS, RS, WHAT THEY THINK AND WHAT THEY EXPECT OF THE JOB MARKET: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Dentistry programs should prepare professionals with a generalist profile, having biological, scientific, technical, social and humanistic training. They should be trained for the reality of the job market and to practice Dentistry in both public and private settings, in order to provide leadership in the community in which they are placed. Objective: This study aims to analyze the socio-demographic profile, satisfaction with the program, self-evaluation of academic performance and expectations of the job market of students entering and exiting the Dentistry program of ULBRA/Canoas. Methodology: This is an observational, cross-sectional study conducted using a questionnaire with different questions for students entering and exiting the program in 2015. A questionnaire was developed with both open and closed objective, multiple-choice questions. It was given to 71 (86.5%) students enrolled in the program. Results: Most of the subjects are female, single, childless and between the ages of 17 and 36 years. Most chose Dentistry as a profession because they always liked or were interested in the health field. It was observed that the exiting students worked more in the areas of General Dentistry (90.4%) and Periodontics (77.0%) during their academic time, and intended to work in private practice (49.0%) and in the Unified Health System (65.0%). Conclusion: It was concluded that the profile of the entering and the exiting students is diverse, also that the students perceive that the greatest difficulty in the practice of Dentistry is the insertion and saturation of the job market

Evolution of the La(III) ion coordination sphere in ethylammonium nitrate solution upon water addition

A thorough structural study of La(NO3)3 salt solutions in mixtures of the ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) ionic liquid (IL) and water with EAN molar fraction (X EAN) ranging from 0 to 1 has been carried out by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements at the La K-edge and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both the XAS and MD outcomes agree in finding that the composition of the La3+ ion first solvation shell undergoes steadily changes when moving from pure water to pure EAN. Upon increasing of the IL concentration, the La3+ solvation complexes progressively lose water molecules to accommodate more and more nitrate anions, and the ratio between the two ligands continuously changes across the explored composition range. The nitrate ligands coordinate the metal ion only in a monodentate fashion for the lower EAN contents, while the percentage of bidentate nitrates becomes more and more predominant as the EAN concentration increases. When moving from pure water to pure EAN, the La3+ ion coordination passes from a 9-fold tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry to a 12-fold icosahedral one, while a 10-fold coordination with bicapped square antiprism geometry is the dominant species for the mixed compositions. The remarkable flexibility of this solvation complex in accommodating a variable amount of water molecules and nitrate ligands at dependence of the system composition is key for its predominance in all the EAN/water mixtures

Performance of Pheromone-Baited Traps to Monitor the Seasonal Abundance of Tortrix Moths in Chestnut Groves.

(1) Background: Pammene fasciana (L.), Cydia fagiglandana (Zeller), and C. splendana (H&uuml;bner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are considered key moth pests of chestnut in Europe. (2) Methods: Investigations were performed in 2018&ndash;2019 in northern Italy. Sticky traps and commercially available pheromones were used for monitoring; moreover, two experimental pheromone blends were tested. All specimens were identified according to male genitalia and molecular analyses. Newly formed chestnut husks and fruits were randomly collected to evaluate the presence of larvae and/or feeding damage, by comparing it to trap catches. (3) Results: P. fasciana was present in all the sites, whereas Cydia species were recorded in three sites of six, with differences in abundance related to pheromone blends studied. Several non-target species, such as Oegoconia novimundi (Busck) and Cydia ilipulana (Walsingham), were present. Data about the seasonal flight activity are provided. (4) Conclusions: This research contributes to ascertaining the presence and abundance of tortrix moths in Italian chestnut groves, and the presence of non-target species highlights the risk of overestimating catches. Fruit damage recorded did not always reflect catches made by pheromone traps, suggesting that monitoring may underestimate the real size of moths&rsquo; populations. All of the data acquired are important for planning specific control measures

DIMELIA ANTERIOR ESQUERDA INCOMPLETA EM CÃES: RELATO DE CASO.

It is reported a case of incomplete anterior left dimelia in a dog. The clinical appearance and radiographic studies confirmed the diagnosisDescreve-se um caso de dimelia anterior esquerda incompleta em canino. A apresentação clínica e estudos radiológicos confirmaram o diagnóstico

Artificial dermal substitutes for tissue regeneration: comparison of the clinical outcomes and histological findings of two templates

Objective: Artificial dermal substitutes (DSs) are fundamental in physiological wound healing to ensure consistent and enduring wound closure and provide a suitable scaffold to repair tissue. We compared the clinical and histological features of two DSs, Pelnac and Integra, in the treatment of traumatic and iatrogenic skin defects. Methods: This prospective observational study involved 71 randomly selected patients from our hospital. Wound healing was analyzed using the Wound Surface Area Assessment, the Vancouver Scar Scale, and a visual analog scale. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations were also performed. Results: At 2 weeks, greater regeneration with respect to proliferation of the epidermis and renewal of the dermis was observed with Pelnac than with Integra. At 4 weeks, the dermis had regenerated with both DSs. Both templates induced renewed collagen and revascularization. Differences in the Vancouver Scar Scale score were statistically significant at 4 weeks and 1 year. Pelnac produced a significant increase in contraction at 2 weeks with increasing effectiveness at 4 weeks. Integra produced a higher percentage reduction in the wound surface area and a shorter healing time than Pelnac for wounds >1.5 cm deep. Conclusion: Our observational data indicate that both DSs are effective and applicable in different clinical contexts

Air shower simulation for background estimation in muon tomography of volcanoes

International audienceOne of the main sources of background for the radiography of volcanoes using atmospheric muons comes from the accidental coincidences produced in the muon telescopes by charged particles belonging to the air shower generated by the primary cosmic ray. In order to quantify this background effect, Monte Carlo simulations of the showers and of the detector are developed by the TOMUVOL collaboration. As a first step, the atmospheric showers were simulated and investigated using two Monte Carlo packages, CORSIKA and GEANT4.We compared the results provided by the two programs for the muonic component of vertical proton-induced showers at three energies: 1, 10 and 100 TeV. We found that the spatial distribution and energy spectrum of the muons were in good agreement for the two codes

Inner structure of the Puy de Dˆome volcano: cross-comparison of geophysical models (ERT, gravimetry, muon imaging)

International audienceMuon imaging of volcanoes and of geological structures in general is actively being developed by several groups in the world. It has the potential to provide 3-D density distributions with an accuracy of a few percent. At this stage of development, comparisons with established geophysical methods are useful to validate the method. An experiment has been carried out in 2011 and 2012 on a large trachytic dome, the Puy de Dˆome volcano, to perform such a comparison of muon imaging with gravimetric tomography and 2-D electrical resistivity tomography. Here, we present the preliminary results for the last two methods. North-south and east-west resistivity profiles allow us to model the resistivity distribution down to the base of the dome. The modelling of the Bouguer anomaly provides models for the density distribution within the dome that are directly comparable with the results from the muon imaging. Our ultimate goal is to derive a model of the dome using the joint interpretation of all sets of data

Effects of different humic substances concentrations on root anatomy and Cd accumulation in seedlings of Avicennia germinans (black mangrove).

This study explores, in controlled conditions, the effect of humic substances on Avicennia germinans seedlings, with or without cadmium contamination. Humic compounds significantly changed plant root architecture, and, when coupled with cadmium, root anatomy and Cortex to Vascular Cylinder diameter ratio