Beyond Bologna : the Bologna process as a global template for higher education reform efforts

This paper investigates recent regional higher education reform initiatives in non-European regions. It studies which non-European regions have launched Bologna style reform initiatives and analyses these initiatives by means of case studies. The regions where such initiatives were launched are the Asia-Pacific region, parts of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. In a nutshell, cultural and institutional similarities among countries participating in these regional initiatives as well as between these countries and Bologna participants can account for the adoption of Bologna style policies. Additionally, dependence on and competition for resources, such as students and academic reputation, determine the non-European universities’ responses to the Bologna Process. In more general terms, the Bologna Process has a major impact even on non-European regions. All the initiatives have in common that they have similar goals as the Bologna Process. Moreover, they have emulated the governance mode of the Bologna Process to a large extent

Beyond Bologna: The Bologna process as a global template for higher education reform efforts

This paper investigates recent regional higher education reform initiatives in non-European regions. It studies which non-European regions have launched Bologna style reform initiatives and analyses these initiatives by means of case studies. The regions where such initiatives were launched are the Asia-Pacific region, parts of Africa and Latin America and the Caribbean. In a nutshell, cultural and institutional similarities among countries participating in these regional initiatives as well as between these countries and Bologna participants can account for the adoption of Bologna style policies. Additionally, dependence on and competition for resources, such as students and academic reputation, determine the non-European universities' responses to the Bologna Process. In more general terms, the Bologna Process has a major impact even on non-European regions. All the initiatives have in common that they have similar goals as the Bologna Process. Moreover, they have emulated the governance mode of the Bologna Process to a large extent. -- Die vorliegende Studie untersucht jüngste hochschulpolitische Reforminitiativen nicht-europäischer Regionen. Dabei fokussiert die Studie darauf, welche nicht-europäischen Regionen dem Bologna-Prozess ähnliche Reforminitiativen initiiert haben und analysiert die einzelnen Initiativen anhand von Fallstudien. Die Regionen, in denen solche Initiativen initiiert wurden, sind der Asien-Pazifik-Raum, Teile von Afrika sowie Lateinamerika und die Karibik. Zusammenfassend bedingen kulturelle und institutionelle Ähnlichkeiten dieser Länder untereinander sowie zwischen diesen Ländern und Bologna-Teilnahmestaaten die Übernahme von Bologna ähnlichen Policies. Des Weiteren determiniert die Abhängigkeit von und der Wettbewerb um Ressourcen, wie Studenten und wissenschaftliche Reputation, die Reaktion nicht-europäischer Universitäten auf den Bologna-Prozess. Insgesamt lässt sich feststellen, dass der Bologna-Prozess bedeutenden Einfluss selbst auf nicht-europäische Regionen ausübt. Nicht nur gleichen die Policies aller untersuchten Initiativen denen des Bologna-Prozesses, auch die Steuerungsstrukturen des Bologna-Prozesses wurden in diesen Initiativen nachgeahmt.

Social and Economic Conditions of Student Life in Europe: Eurostudent VI 2016-2018; Synopsis of Indicators

Im Projekt EUROSTUDENT werden Daten zu den sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen des Studierens in Europa erhoben. Der Band präsentiert die Daten und Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Studierendenbefragung in 28 Ländern des Europäischen Hochschulraums. Der Bericht ist die wichtigste Publikation des Projektes, das von Forschenden, Datensammelnden, Vertreter:innen nationaler Ministerien und anderen Akteuren aus ganz Europa umgesetzt wird. Der Projektbericht bereitet ein breites Informationsspektrum auf. Dazu gehören Daten zum Zugang zu höherer Bildung, zu Studienbedingungen, zur internationalen Mobilität der Studierenden, zur Qualität von Studiengängen und zu geplanten Studienprogrammen. Mit den Ergebnissen will die Projektgruppe bildungspolitische Debatten anregen und die Basis für künftige Forschungsarbeit legen.The EUROSTUDENT project gathers data about the prevailing social and economic conditions for studying in Europe. The volume presents data and results from an up-to-date student survey conducted in 28 countries of the European Higher Education Area. The report is the most important publication of the project. The project has been implemented by researchers, data collectors, representatives of national ministries and other actors from across the whole of Europe. The project report processes a broad spectrum of information. This includes data on access to higher education, conditions for studying, international mobility of students, quality of courses and planned study programmes. The project group wants the results to stimulate educational-policy debate and to form the basis for future research work

Supramolekulare Strukturen zur Lichtabsorption

After a definition of and an introduction into supramolecular structures strategies are developed which lead to new material properties. The specific research topics discussed in this context and with this aim include chromoionophores, molecular switches, large cavities embraced by one or more azobenzene units and macrocyclic polyenes. It is demonstrated how light absorption can be manipulated by structural variations of the host structures and of the corresponding supramolecular complexes. The discussion is extended to new dyestuffs bearing small and large cavities, the light absorption of which can be manipulated and even switched selectively by matching metal ions and organic particles (host/guest interaction)

A convenient synthesis of new macrocyclic naphthalenophanes

Grützmacher H-F, Nolte G. A convenient synthesis of new macrocyclic naphthalenophanes. Chemische Berichte. 1994;127(6):1157-1162.The (1,4)naphthalenophanes 6a, 6b, 7a, and 7b were synthesized regiospecifically in two steps from the appropriate [alpha, beta]-di-1-naphthylalkanes by a Friedel-Crafts acetylation of the two naphthalene groups followed by cyclization/dimerization of the resulting diketones by a McMurray reaction. The macrocyclic naphthalenophanes 6a and 6b exist in solution as a mixture of conformers while 7a and 7b were identified as the anti isomers

Effect of different segmentation methods using optical satellite imagery to estimate fuzzy clustering parameters for Sentinel-1A SAR images

Optical and SAR data are efficient data sources for shoreline monitoring. The processing of SAR data such as feature extraction is not an easy task since the images have totally different structure than optical imagery. Determination of threshold value is a challenging task for SAR data. In this study, SENTINEL-2A optical data was used as ancillary data to predict fuzzy membership parameters for segmentation of SENTINEL-1A SAR data to extract shoreline. SENTINEL-2A and SENTINEL-1A satellite images used were taken in September 9, 2016 and September 13, 2016 respectively. Three different segmentation algorithms which are selected from object, learning and pixel-based methods. They have been exploited to obtain land and water classes which have been used as an input data for parameter estimation. Thus, the performance of different segmentation algorithm has been investigated and analysed. In the first step of the study, Mean-Shift, Random Forest and Whale Optimization algorithms have been employed to obtain water and land classes from the SENTINEL-2A image. Water and land classes derived from each algorithm – are used as input data, and then the required parameters for the fuzzy clustering of SENTINEL-1A SAR image, were calculated. Lake Constance, Germany has been chosen as the study area. In this study, additionally an interface plugin has been developed and integrated into the open source Quantum GIS software platform. The developed interface allows non-experts to process and extract the shorelines without using any parameters. But, this system requires pre-segmented data as input. Thus, the batch process calculates the required parameters