Desarrollo ontogénico de Parablennius pilocornis (Pisces: Blenniidae) en condiciones controladas

The full developmental sequence from egg to juvenile of Parablennius pilicornis in controlled conditions is described. Embryonic development lasted 9 days at 18.0 to 21.0°C, 14 days at 17.0 to 20.0°C, 16 days at 16.0 to 19.0°C and 17 days at 14.0 to 18.5°C. Newly hatched larvae measured 3.1 mm total length (TL), had the mouth and anus open, pigmented eyes, almost no yolk, and the pectoral fins were small and unpigmented. Most larvae settled between day 66 and 69 after hatching (27.0 mm TL) and showed full juvenile pigmentation patterns between day 91 and 93 (30.0 mm TL). However, on day 61/62 after hatching (when they were more than 25.0 mm) they began to show a complex agonistic repertoire.La secuencia de desarrollo, desde el huevo hasta el estadio juvenil, de Parablennius pilicornis se describe en condiciones controladas. La duración del desarrollo embrionario fue de 9 días a 18.0-21.0ºC, 14 días a 17.0-20.0ºC, 16 días a 16.0-19.0ºC y 17 días a 14.0-18.5ºC. La talla de las larvas en el momento de la eclosión era de 3.1 mm TL, la boca y el ano ya estaban abiertos, los ojos pigmentados, prácticamente sin vitelo y las aletas pectorales pequeñas y sin pigmentación. El asentamiento, en la mayor parte de las larvas, tuvo lugar entre el día 66-69 después de la eclosión (27.0 mm TL) y mostraban el patrón de pigmentación característico de de la fases juvenil entre el día 91-93 (30.0 mm TL). No obstante, a partir del día 61-62 después de la eclosión (TL> 25.0 mm) empezaban a mostrar un repertorio agonístico complejo.

Unexpected high genetic diversity at the extreme Northern geographic limit of Taurulus bubalis (Euphrasen, 1786)

The longspined bullhead (Taurulus bubalis, Euphrasen 1786) belongs to the family Cottidae and is a rocky shore species that inhabits the intertidal zones of the Eastern Atlantic since Iceland, southward to Portugal and also the North Sea and Baltic, northward to the Gulf of Finland, with some occurrences in the northern Mediterranean coasts eastward to the Gulf of Genoa. We analysed the phylogeographic patterns of this species using mitochondrial and nuclear markers in populations throughout most of its distributional range in west Europe. We found that T. bubalis has a relatively shallow genealogy with some differentiation between Atlantic and North Sea. Genetic diversity was homogeneous across all populations studied. The possibility of a glacial refugium near the North Sea is discussed. In many, but not all, marine temperate organisms, patterns of diversity are similar across the species range. If this phenomenon proves to be most common in cold adapted species, it may reflect the availability of glacial refugia not far from their present-day northern limits

and Adjacent Seas

Abstract We reviewed 54 studies on teleost fishes and crustaceans inhabiting 8 European waters to test for the emergence of phylogeographic patterns. Con-9 cerning latitudinal variation of genetic diversity, we found that: (1) contrary to the 10 predictions of the ''central-margin hypothesis,'' only a minority of species 11 (*10 %) revealed higher genetic diversity in the center of their distribution; Introduction 23 The study of marine phylogeography in European shores is now ca. 15 years old 24 (Magoulas et al. 1996; Borsa et al. 1997). Data accumulated and, as sequencing 25 became more accessible, more labs were involved and more species were studied. 26 During this period, techniques changed radically and while the initial emphasis 27 was on enzyme electrophoresis it quickly moved to the analyses of mitochondrial 28 DNA and increasingly incorporated nuclear markers, including microsatellites and 57 Evidence is also accumulating that many boreal and cold temperate species sur-58 vived in peri-glacial refugia (for a review see Maggs et al. 2008). 59 The central-margin hypothesis assumes (Eckert et al. 2008 103 The geographic coverage of each study was expressed as the fraction of areas 104 where samples were taken over the total number of areas where the species occurs. 105 An important point in our study was to compare the levels of genetic diversity 106 between northern and southern limits of each species. Author Proof 15 In Search of Phylogeographic Patterns 5 Layout: T1 Standard SC Book ID: 317494_1_En Book ISBN: 978-3-319-07622-5 Chapter No.: 15 Date: 26-5-2014 Page: 5/16 Author Proof Results 127 One major feature that emerges from this study is the existence of large gaps and 138 For the Actinopterygii, only 20 % of the works analyzed in the present review 139 covered the entire area of distribution of the species 141 In 34 % of the chapters the sampling was focused at the center of the species' 142 distribution. The northern limit of the species was less sampled than the southern 143 limit of their distribution (30 vs. 56 %) ( 147 The presence of population structure was not evaluated in only 8 % of the 148 species. Considering the remaining works, 67 % of the species presented genetic 149 structure in the sampled area ( 157 Genetic diversity was never higher in the North Sea than in the Atlantic, while 158 the opposite pattern (higher diversity in the south) was relatively common (36 %). 159 The pattern of higher diversity in the center of species distributions occurred only 160 in a minority of cases (9 %). Some species appear to have sufficient dispersal and 161 migration (past or present) so that no difference in the distribution of genetic 162 diversity was found along the whole sampled area (41 %) 163 Only 20 % of the studies accessed the age of the populations. In 70 % of the 164 species analyzed one or more populations sampled were dated after the Last 165 Glacial Maximum (LGM-18 kya). All studies estimated the age of one or more 166 populations as dating from the last glaciation, before the LGM (120-18 kya). Crustaceans 168 A total of 15 chapters were analyzed for the Crustaceans, comprising 23 species 169 (18 from the class Malacostraca and five from the class Maxillopoda), belonging to 170 16 different families and involving six molecular markers. 171 Only 30 % of the studies analyzed covered the entire species distribution area 172 ( sampling for the crustacean chapters analyzed is more deficient in the peripheries 175 (0 % for Madeira, 13 % for Azores and 33 % for the Baltic Sea) 176 The existence of population structure across the studied area was evaluated in 177 96 % of the studies, with 54 % of the species presenting population genetic T1 Standard SC Book ID: 317494_1_En Book ISBN: 978-3-319-07622-5 Chapter No.: 15 Date: 26-5-2014 Page: 8/16 Author Proof structure (52 % of the total of species) 15 In Search of Phylogeographic Patterns 9 Layout: T1 Standard SC Book ID: 317494_1_En Book ISBN: 978-3-319-07622-5 Chapter No.: 15 Date: 26-5-2014 Page: 9/16 Author Proof Only 21 species were evaluated for their potential glacial refugia. Of these, th

Lusitanian toadfish song reflects male quality

Lusitanian toadfish males that provide parental care rely on acoustic signals (the boatwhistle) to attract females to their nest. We test the hypothesis that male quality, namely male size and condition that are relevant for parental success, is reflected in vocal activity and boatwhistle characteristics and thus advertised to females. We recorded 22 males over a week during the peak of the breeding season. Calling rate and calling effort (percentage of time spent calling) strongly reflected male condition (lipid content of somatic muscles) and to a smaller extent sonic muscle hypertrophy and larger gonads. Males in better condition (increased body lipid and relative higher liver mass) also contracted the sonic muscles at faster rate as shown by the shorter boatwhistle pulse periods. Amplitude modulation reflected the degree of sonic muscle hypertrophy. None of the measured male quality parameters were good predictors of boatwhistle duration and dominant frequency. Altogether this study strongly suggests that Lusitanian toadfish males advertise their quality to females primarily with boatwhistle calling rate and calling effort, which mainly reflect male condition. Because pulse period had low variability, consistent with the existence of a vocal central pattern generator, we suggest that males that sustain sonic muscles contraction at a very fast rate close to their physiological limit may be honestly advertising their quality (condition). Similarly, males that produce boatwhistles with higher amplitude modulation, a feature that seems dependent on sonic muscle hypertrophy, could be more attractive to females.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phylogenetic relationships of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean blenniids

The phylogenetic relationships of 27 north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean blennioids are analysed based on a total of 1001 bp from a combined fragment of the 12S and 16S mitochondrial rDNA. The most relevant results with implications in current blenniid taxonomy are: (1) Lipophrys pholis and Lipophrys (= Paralipophrys) trigloides are included in a well-supported clade that by the rule of precedence must be named Lipophrys; (2) the sister species of this clade are not the remaining species of the genus Lipophrys but instead a monotypic genus comprising Cory-phoblennius galerita; (3) the smaller species of Lipophrys were recovered in another well-supported and independent clade, which we propose to be recognized as Microlipophrys; (4) although some authors included the genera Salaria and Lipophrys in a single group we have never recovered such a relationship. Instead, Salaria is more closely related to the genera Scartella and Parablennius; (5) the genus Parablennius, which was never recovered as a monophyletic clade, is very diverse and may include several distinct lineages; (6) the relative position of Aidablennius sphynx casts some doubts on the currently recognized relationships between the different blenniid tribes. Meristic, morphological, behavioural and ecological characters support our results and are also discussed. The possible roles of the tropical West African coast and the Mediterranean in the diversification of blenniids are discussed. (c) 2005 The Linnean Society of London.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio