9 research outputs found
Promoter hypermethylation of HS3ST2, SEPTIN9 and SLIT2 combined with FGFR3 mutations as a sensitive/specific urinary assay for diagnosis and surveillance in patients with low or high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
International audienceBackgroundNon-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a high incidence form of bladder cancer (BCa), where genetic and epigenetic alterations occur frequently. We assessed the performance of associating a FGFR3 mutation assay and a DNA methylation analysis to improve bladder cancer detection and to predict disease recurrence of NMIBC patients.MethodsWe used allele specific PCR to determine the FGFR3 mutation status for R248C, S249C, G372C, and Y375C. We preselected 18 candidate genes reported in the literature as being hypermethylated in cancer and measured their methylation levels by quantitative multiplex-methylation specific PCR. We selected HS3ST2, SLIT2 and SEPTIN9 as the most discriminative between control and NMIBC patients and we assayed these markers on urine DNA from a diagnostic study consisting of 167 NMIBC and 105 controls and a follow-up study consisting of 158 NMIBC at diagnosis timeâs and 425 at follow-up time. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each assay alone and in combination.ResultsFor Diagnosis: Using a logistic regression analysis with a model consisting of the 3 markersâ methylation values, FGFR3 status, age and known smoker status at the diagnosis time we obtained sensitivity/specificity of 97.6 %/84.8 % and an optimism-corrected AUC of 0.96. With an estimated BCa prevalence of 12.1 % in a hematuria cohort, this corresponds to a negative predictive value (NPV) of 99.6 %. For Follow-up: Using a logistic regression with FGFR3 mutation and the CMI at two time points (beginning of the follow-up and current time point), we got sensitivity/specificity/NPV of 90.3 %/65.1 %/97.0 % and a corrected AUC of 0.84. We also tested a thresholding algorithm with FGFR3 mutation and the two time points as described above, obtaining sensitivity/specificity/NPV values of, respectively, 94.5 %/75.9 %/98.5 % and an AUC of 0.82.ConclusionsWe showed that combined analysis of FGFR3 mutation and DNA methylation markers on urine can be a useful strategy in diagnosis, surveillance and for risk stratification of patients with NMIBC. These results provide the basis for a highly accurate noninvasive test for population screening and allowing to decrease the frequency of cystoscopy, an important feature for both patient quality of life improvement and care cost reduction
Morphological changes of the human neurogenic bladder : bladder cancer and detrusor overactivity
LâexagĂ©ration de lâactivitĂ© contractile spontanĂ©e (ACS) et les tumeurs de vessie (TV) sont des modifications morphologiques vĂ©sicales observĂ©es Ă moyen et long terme chez les patients ayant une hyperactivitĂ© dĂ©trusorienne neurogĂšne. Cependant la carcinogĂ©nĂšse vĂ©sicale chez les patients neurologiques nâa jamais Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e Ă ce jour et la signification de lâACS est non Ă©lucidĂ©e. Nos buts Ă©taient dâĂ©tudier la carcinogĂ©nĂšse des vessies neurologiques (en particulier le rĂŽle de lâinflammation chronique) et dâĂ©tudier les mĂ©canismes de lâACS.Nous rapportons que lâexpression immunohistochimique de Foxp3 est caractĂ©ristique des patients neurologiques ayant une TV agressive de diffĂ©renciation Ă©pidermoĂŻde. Ainsi Foxp3 pourrait ĂȘtre une cible pour le dĂ©veloppement dâimmunothĂ©rapies anti-tumorales. Par une Ă©tude en bains dâorganes sur des fragments de vessies fraĂźches issus de patients ayant une hyperactivitĂ© dĂ©trusorienne neurogĂšne rĂ©fractaire, nous observons que lâACS vĂ©sicale in vitro est corrĂ©lĂ©e Ă l'Ăąge et la prĂ©sence de muqueuse vĂ©sicale. La modulation pharmacologique de la communication intercellulaire mĂ©diĂ©e par les connexines 40, 43 et 45 nâinhibe pas lâACS. La traduction clinique de ces rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires est encore difficile. Cependant la comprĂ©hension de la signification de lâACS pourrait identifier de nouvelles voies thĂ©rapeutiques pour lâhyperactivitĂ© dĂ©trusorienne neurogĂšne. Nos rĂ©sultats ne peuvent pas ĂȘtre argumentĂ©s par la littĂ©rature encore pauvre Ă ce sujet. Ce programme de recherche innovant sur les modifications morphologiques Ă moyen et long terme des vessies neurologiques est poursuivi grĂące Ă une collaboration nationale et Ă la transversalitĂ© des domaines dâexpertises des chercheurs impliquĂ©s.Increased spontaneous contractile activity (SCA) and bladder cancer are medium and long-term morphological changes of the bladder observed in patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity. However, urothelial carcinogenesis in neurological patients has never been studied and the signification of ACS remains unknown. Our objectives were to study the bladder carcinogenesis in neurological patients (in particular the role of chronic inflammation), and the mechanisms of SCA in neurogenic bladders. We report that Foxp3 expression appears to be a characteristic of neurological patients presenting with aggressive bladder cancer and squamous cell differentiation. Thus, targeting Foxp3 may represent an interesting strategy to improve anti-tumor immunotherapy for bladder cancer. By conducting organ bath studies on bladder strips from patients with refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity, we observe that the in vitro SCA may be modulated by age and the presence of mucosa. The pharmacological modulation of intercellular communication, targeting connexins 40, 43 and 45, cannot inhibit the SCA of neurogenic bladder strips. These results are still difficult to translate into clinical practice. However, understanding the origin of bladder SCA could help identify new therapeutic strategies for detrusor overactivity. Our results are still preliminary and cannot be supported by the literature due to paucity of data. This research program on medium and long-term morphological changes of human neurogenic bladders is pursued through a national collaboration and cross-disciplinary areas of expertise of the researchers involved
Activité contractile spontanée des fragments isolés de vessies neurologiques humaines (tentative de corrélation clinique, urodynamique et anatomo-pathologique)
Les troubles vĂ©sico-sphinctĂ©riens sont des Ă©lĂ©ments symptomatiques sĂ©quellaires d un grand nombre d affections neurologiques. Ils sont Ă l origine de complications organiques grevant le pronostic vital et d une altĂ©ration notable de la qualitĂ© de vie. La physiopathologie des troubles, notamment de l hyperactivitĂ© dĂ©trusorienne, est incomplĂštement Ă©lucidĂ©e. Elle ferait intervenir des mĂ©canismes Ă la fois neurogĂ©niques et myogĂ©niques. Les donnĂ©es issues de l expĂ©rimentation animale et humaine ont permis de mettre en Ă©vidence une activitĂ© contractile spontanĂ©e (ACS) dĂ©veloppĂ©e par des fragments de vessie qui pourrait ĂȘtre impliquĂ©e dans la physiopathologie de l hyperactivitĂ© dĂ©trusorienne neurogĂšne mais dont la signification demeure inconnue. De plus, l analyse histologique des vessies neurologiques pourrait fournir des Ă©lĂ©ments complĂ©mentaires de comprĂ©hension.1/Rechercher une corrĂ©lation entre l ACS observĂ©e in vitro de fragments de vessie Ă l Ă©tat frais issus de patients neurologiques et des facteurs pronostiques cliniques, urodynamiques et anatomopathologiques.2/Rechercher une corrĂ©lation entre les modifications histologiques observĂ©es dans les vessies neurologiques et des facteurs cliniques et urodynamiques. Des prĂ©lĂšvements de vessie Ă l Ă©tat frais ont Ă©tĂ© obtenus aprĂšs cystectomies chez 34 patients neurologiques. Des fragments de vessie avec et sans muqueuse ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s en bain d organes isolĂ©s (5mL) contenant une solution tampon Krebs (pH=7.4; 37C; 95%O2-5%CO2). L ACS des fragments de vessies a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©e et l aire sous la courbe (AUC) des contractions spontanĂ©es a Ă©tĂ© quantifiĂ©e de maniĂšre standardisĂ©e. Une corrĂ©lation entre l AUC des contractions spontanĂ©es des fragments de vessie avec et sans muqueuse et les facteurs pronostiques cliniques, urodynamiques et anatomopathologiques a Ă©tĂ© recherchĂ©e. Une corrĂ©lation entre ces mĂȘmes facteurs cliniques et urodynamiques d une part, et l inflammation, l ĆdĂšme et la fibrose vĂ©sicale d autre part a Ă©tĂ© recherchĂ©e.Une corrĂ©lation significative a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence entre l Ăąge et l AUC des contractions spontanĂ©es des fragments de vessie (p=0,006) mais pas avec l AUC des contractions spontanĂ©e des fragments de vessie sans muqueuse. Une corrĂ©lation significative a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence entre l Ă©chec d un traitement antĂ©rieur par parasympatholytiques et l AUC des contractions spontanĂ©es des fragments de vessie (p=0,02).Aucune corrĂ©lation significative entre l AUC et les donnĂ©es urodynamiques et histologiques n a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence. Seul l Ăąge Ă©tait significativement corrĂ©lĂ© au degrĂ© de fibrose observĂ© dans les vessies (p=0,02).Alors que la physiopathologie des anomalies du comportement vĂ©sical chez les patients atteints de lĂ©sions neurologiques reste encore aujourd hui mal comprise, la corrĂ©lation entre l ACS des fragments de vessie avec divers facteurs pronostiques cliniques, urodynamiques et anatomopathologiques n est pas Ă©vidente dans ce tout premier travail. L ACS des fragments de vessies neurologiques analysĂ©es n en reste pas moins particuliĂšrement anormale, consĂ©quence d une chaĂźne de troubles neurogĂšnes et myogĂšnes. Si la prise en charge clinique de ces patients est aujourd hui bien codifiĂ©e et a permis d en transformer le pronostic rĂ©nal et fonctionnel, la recherche de biomarqueurs et l Ă©tude du rĂŽle de la muqueuse vĂ©sicale doit se poursuivre. Ce type d Ă©tude sur vessies humaines Ă l Ă©tat frais est dans sa phase balbutiante et prometteuse. La comprĂ©hension de l origine et de la signification de l ACS vĂ©sicale pourrait ĂȘtre dĂ©terminante dans l identification de nouvelles voies thĂ©rapeutiques de l hyperactivitĂ© dĂ©trusorienne .PARIS6-Bibl.PitiĂ©-SalpĂȘtrie (751132101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Control of the Morphology of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials Elaborated by Reactive Processing Without Solvent
International audienc
Les complications chirurgicales en urologie adulte : chirurgie de la prostate
International audienceProstate surgery mainly addresses the treatment of the two most common pathologies of the prostate: benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), symptomatic or complicated, and prostate cancer (PCa). The objective of this manuscript was to present after review of the literature the main intraoperative and postoperative surgical complications associated with radical prostatectomy and surgery of the BPH whatever the surgical approach. The incidence and type of these complications may vary depending on the patient's comorbidities and the type of surgery. Regarding radical prostatectomy, the main complications are hemorrhagic, digestive and urinary. During or after surgery of BPH, hemorrhagic and urinary complications dominate. The management of these complications relies on general principles based on a low level of evidence, but usually associate a structured diagnostic pathway and an appropriate treatment decision. Copyrigh
Les complications chirurgicales en urologie adulte : chirurgie de la prostate
International audienceProstate surgery mainly addresses the treatment of the two most common pathologies of the prostate: benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), symptomatic or complicated, and prostate cancer (PCa). The objective of this manuscript was to present after review of the literature the main intraoperative and postoperative surgical complications associated with radical prostatectomy and surgery of the BPH whatever the surgical approach. The incidence and type of these complications may vary depending on the patient's comorbidities and the type of surgery. Regarding radical prostatectomy, the main complications are hemorrhagic, digestive and urinary. During or after surgery of BPH, hemorrhagic and urinary complications dominate. The management of these complications relies on general principles based on a low level of evidence, but usually associate a structured diagnostic pathway and an appropriate treatment decision. Copyrigh
Traitement de lâincontinence urinaire masculine neurologique par le sphincter urinaire artificiel AMS 800âą (Boston Scientific, Boston, Ătats-Unis) : rĂ©sultats Ă trĂšs long terme (> 25 ans)
International audienceObjective: The aim of the study was to report the very long-term functional outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) in male neurological patients.Material and methods: Male neurological patients diagnosed with stress urinary incontinence due to sphincter deficiency and undergoing AUS (AMS 800Âź) implantation between 1985 and 1992 were enrolled. Continence, defined by no pad/condom usage, explantation and revision rates were reported.Results: Fourteen patients with a median age of 27.3 years (IQR: 27.3â40.8) were included: four had a spinal cord injury and ten a spina bifida. Prior continence surgery was reported by 6 patients (42.9 %). Artificial urinary sphincter was implanted in a peribulbar (n = 4) or periprostatic position (n = 10). Median follow-up was 18.3 years (IQR: 10.1â20.3). At last follow-up, all patients were alive. Three native devices were still in place, eight were revised (four of them were secondarily explanted) and three were explanted due to erosion or infection. The 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-year explantation-free survival rates were respectively 85.7, 62.3, 52.0, 39.0 %. The 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-year revision-free survival rates were respectively 78.6, 42.9, 28.6, 7.1 %. At last follow-up, 50 % patients were continent.Conclusion: In the very long run, AUS provided a 50 % continence rate in male neurological patients but the revision rates were important.Level of evidence: 4Objectif: Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer les rĂ©sultats fonctionnels Ă trĂšs long terme du sphincter urinaire artificiel (SUA) implantĂ© chez les hommes neurologiques.MatĂ©riels et mĂ©thodes: Tous les hommes neurologiques implantĂ©s avec un SUA (AMS 800Âź) dans notre institution entre 1985 et 1992 ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. La continence, dĂ©finie par lâabsence de port de protections, les taux dâexplantation et de rĂ©vision ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s.RĂ©sultats: Au total, quatorze patients dâĂąge mĂ©dian 27,3 ans (IQ : 27,3,5â40,8) ont Ă©tĂ© inclus : quatre Ă©taient des blessĂ©s mĂ©dullaires et dix avaient un spina bifida. Un antĂ©cĂ©dent de chirurgie de la continence Ă©tait rapportĂ© chez six patients (42,9 %). Le SUA a Ă©tĂ© implantĂ© en position pĂ©ribulbaire (n = 4) ou pĂ©riprostatique (n = 10). La durĂ©e mĂ©diane de suivi Ă©tait de 18,3 ans (IQR : 10,1â20,3). Tous les patients Ă©taient vivants au terme du suivi. Trois SUA Ă©taient natifs, huit furent rĂ©visĂ©s (dont quatre furent explantĂ©s dans un second temps) et trois explantĂ©s pour infection ou Ă©rosion. Le taux de survie sans explantation Ă 5, 10, 15 et 20 ans Ă©tait de 85,7 %, 62,3 %, 52,0 % et 39,0 % respectivement. Le taux de survie sans rĂ©vision Ă 5, 10, 15 et 20 ans Ă©tait de 78,6, 42,9, 28,6 et 7,1 %, respectivement. Au terme du suivi, 50 % des patients Ă©taient continents.Conclusion: Ă trĂšs long terme, le SUA a permis dâobtenir un taux de continence de 50 % chez les hommes neurologiques au prix dâun taux de rĂ©vision important.Niveau de preuve: 4