Image techniques: New approaches in metal homeostasis

1 .pdf copia del original presentado por los autores al Meeting.Plant physiological processes take place in a complex cellular environment. Organs are complex structures made up of different tissues with distinct cell types. Traditional biochemistry involves the analysis of bulk samples containing am ixture of heterogeneous tissues, leading to a non correct interpretation of the results. This averaging effect can only be overcome by increasing the spatial resolution of analysis to a tissue-or even cell- specific level, in other words, by using image techniques.This study was supported by MICINN projects AGL2006-1416 and AGL2007-61948,co-financed with FEDER, the European Commission (EU 6th Framework Integrated Project ISAFRUIT, Contract no.FP6-FOOD-CT-2006-016279), and the Aragón Government(groupA03).Peer reviewe

Mecanismos de resistencia al cadmio y al arsénico en planta de altramuz aplicación en fitorrecuperación de suelos

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Facultad de Ciencias. Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Geoquímica. Fecha de lectura: 22-10-200

Técnicas de imagen aplicadas a la fisiología vegetal

Saúl Vázquez está integrado, en 2011, como JAE-doc en el Grupo Fisiología del Estrés Abiótico en Plantas, Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental Aula Dei, EEAD (CSIC).El autor presenta en su exposición algunas de las técnicas que ha venido utilizando en la EEAD-CSIC en los últimos años: qué es lo que se puede hacer con un vibratomo y un microscopio óptico con fuente de fluorescencia, qué otras técnicas de microscopía y microanálisis se pueden utilizar con material vegetal y para qué, y algunas otras técnicas más que ha probado. La finalidad es que sea del máximo provecho para todos.Peer reviewe

Image techniques: New approaches in metal homeostasis

1 .pdf copia del Póster original presentado por los autores.Plant physiological processes take place in a complex cellular environment. Organs are complex structures made up of different tissues with distinct cell types. Traditional biochemistry involves the analysis of bulk samples containing a mixture of heterogeneous tissues, leading to a non correct interpretation of the results. This averaging effect can only be over come by increasing the spatial resolution of analysis to a tissue -or even cell- specific level, in other words, by using image techniques.This study was supported by MICINN projects AGL2006-1416andAGL2007-61948, co-financed with FEDER, the European Commission(EU 6th Framework Integrated Project ISAFRUIT, Contract no.FP6-FOOD-CT-2006-016279), and the Aragón Government(groupA03).Peer reviewe

Elemental microanalysis in leaf transversal sections of peach by SEM/EDXA: Influence of iron nutritional status

4 Pag., 1 Fig.Immobilization and accumulation of Fe in physiologically inactive forms somewhere in the leaf has been suggested to be associated to chlorosis in Fe-deficient leaves. The localization of elements at tissue level is essential to understand the plant processes involved in inorganic ion homeostasis. In this study we have used LT-SEM-EDX microanalysis to investigate the spatial distribution of Fe at tissue level in peach leaves under Fe-sufficient and Fe-deficient status. Chlorotic leaves from field peach trees showed a preferential localization of Fe in spongy parenchyma.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (projects AGL2006- 1416 and AGL2007-61948, co-financed with FEDER), the European Commission (Thematic Priority 5–Food Quality and Safety, 6th Framework RTD Programme, Contract no. FP6-FOOD– CT-2006-016279) and the Aragón Government (group A03).Peer reviewe

Effects of foliar Fe application on chlorophyll concentration, mineral composition and Fe distribution in sugar beet leaves

1 .pdf (5 Figs.) copia del Póster original presentado por los autores a la ReuniónIn this work an iron-containing solution was applied to a portion of an Fe-deficient leaf of sugar beet and the effects of this application on both treated and untreated side of the leaf were studied.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project AGL2006-1416, co-financed with FEDER), the European Commission (EU 6th Framework Integrated Project ISAFRUIT Contract no. FP6-FOOD-CT-2006-016279), and DGA (Group 03).Peer reviewe

Effects of foliar Fe application on chlorophyll concentration, mineral composition and Fe distribution in sugar beet leaves

1 .pdf (5 Figs.) copia del Póster original presentado por los autores a la ReuniónIn this work an iron-containing solution was applied to a portion of an Fe-deficient leaf of sugar beet and the effects of this application on both treated and untreated side of the leaf were studied.Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project AGL2006-1416, co-financed with FEDER), the European Commission (EU 6th Framework Integrated Project ISAFRUIT Contract no. FP6-FOOD-CT-2006-016279), and DGA (Group 03).Peer reviewe

The application of phytoremediation technologies to metal-contaminated soils in Aznalcóllar

El vertido de lodo pirítico procedente de la mina de Aznalcóllar en 1998 afectó a 4286 ha de suelo de los que el 59,7 % eran suelos agrícolas. Los principales elementos responsables de la contaminación fueron As, Cd, Cu, Pb, y Zn, junto con la acidificación de los suelos causada por la oxidación de los sulfuros metálicos. Este caso dramático de contaminación supuso un extraordinario movimiento de la comunidad científica española y extranjera, que permitió poner en práctica técnicas biológicas de recuperación basadas en el uso de plantas (fitorremediación), que permitiera el desarrollo del plan del Corredor Verde del Guadiamar por la Junta de Andalucía. La dificultad del caso estriba en la contaminación múltiple, la escasa estabilidad química de los contaminantes y su carácter acidificante. Este trabajo muestra brevemente algunos trabajos de fitorremediación realizados in situ en parcelas de experimentación. Se ha evaluado la utilidad de diversas técnicas: la fitoextracción mediante mostaza india, una planta agrícola de alta biomasa capaz de acumular los metales en su parte aérea, junto con la mejora de los suelos mediante enmiendas orgánicas y calizas; y la fitoinmovilización mediante el altramuz, que es una leguminosa tolerante a los metales por exclusión en sus raíces y a ciertas condiciones de acidez del suelo.The spill of pyrite sludge from the Aznalcóllar mine in 1998, affected 4286 ha of land, 59.7 % of which was agricultural. The main contaminants were As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, their effects being exacerbated by the soil acidification caused by the oxidation of metallic sulphides. This dramatic case of soil pollution mobilised the Spanish and international scientific communities, with the aim of applying biological techniques for soil remediation based on the use of plants (phytoremediation). These were fundamental in the development of the "Green Corridor of Guadiamar" land recuperation plan by the Andalusian regional government. Difficulties arose from the multi-element contamination, the chemical instability of the contaminants and the acidic nature of the contamination. This article briefly describes some phytoremediation experiments carried out in situ in experimental plots. The feasibility of certain phytoremediation techniques has been evaluated: phytoextraction by Indian mustard, a high-biomass crop able to accumulate metals in its aerial parts, in combination with the improvement of soil properties by the application of organic and calcareous amendments, and phytoimmobilisation using white lupin, a leguminous species tolerant of heavy metals due to their immobilisation in the roots and, to a certain degree, tolerant of soil acidity

Using Mediterranean shrubs for the phytoremediation of a soil impacted by pyritic wastes in Southern Spain: A field experiment

7 Pags., 4 Tabls., 4 Figs.Re-vegetation is the main aim of ecological restoration projects, and in Mediterranean environments native plants are desirable to achieve successful restoration. In 1998, the burst of a tailings dam flooded the Guadiamar river valley downstream from Aznalcóllar (Southern Spain) with sludges that contained elevated concentrations of metals and metalloids, polluting soils and waters. A phytoremediation experiment to assess the potential use of native shrub species for the restoration of soils affected by the spillage was performed from 2005 to 2007, with soils divided into two groups: pH 5. Four native shrubs (Myrtus communis, Retama sphaerocarpa, Rosmarinus officinalis and Tamarix gallica) were planted and left to grow without intervention. Trace element concentrations in soils and plants, their extractability in soils, transfer factors and plant survival were used to identify the most-interesting species for phytoremediation. Total As was higher in soils with pH 5. Unlike As, which was either fixed by Fe oxides or retained as sulphide, the extractable metals showed significant relationships with the corresponding total soil metal concentration and inverse relationships with soil pH. T. gallica, R. officinalis and R. sphaerocarpa survived better in soils with pH > 5, while M. communis had better survival at pH < 5. R. sphaerocarpa showed the highest survival (30%) in all soils. Trace element transfer from soil to harvestable parts was low for all species and elements, and some species may have been able to decrease trace element availability in the soil. Our results suggest that R. sphaerocarpa is an adequate plant species for phytostabilising these soils, although more research is needed to address the self-sustainability of this remediation technique and the associated environmental changes.The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (projects: CTM 2007-66401-CO2-02/TECNO and CTM 2004-06715-CO2-01) and from the Comunidad de Madrid (project EIADES S2009/AMB-1478).Peer reviewe

Prolonged artificial shade affects morphological, anatomical, biochemical and ecophysiological behavior of young olive trees (cv. Arbosana)

10 pags.- 8 Figs.- 7 Tabls.Light requirement in olive trees is the most important factor to ensure both olive production and oil quality. However, in the intensive and hyper intensive olive cultivation, problems of shading frequently appear. The objective of this work was to study the effects of reduced irradiance on growth, morphology, anatomy, physiology and some biochemical traits of young olive plants. Thus, an artificial shade (ca. 60%) was performed in young olive plants cv. Arbosana. Plant responses occurred to shade application may be classified as short- and long-term ones. Shoot growth was started to be affected 18 months after shading application, and after that date a total suppression of growth was observed. However, both leaf surface and leaf angle insertion were affected from the beginning of the experiment (3 months).Shaded leaves had higher area and lower thickness. Palisade and spongy parenchyma thickness were reduced in shaded plants. Stomatal density, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were also reduced by shade. Shading induced a significant decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll a, β-carotene, lutein and pigments within the xanthophyll cycle (VAZ). A significant decrease of fruits number was observed in shaded plants after one year of shading application, while with prolonged shade, a total absence of fruits were observed. In conclusion, the limitation of the amount of light intercepted by the olive canopy affects negatively most of studied parameters. Therefore, an adequate management of the olive canopy by applying adequate training and pruning programs or by the application of growth regulators will avoid shading problems with negative effects on vegetative growth and yield.This work was supported by grants from Tunisian LPOI (LR16 IO 03-SERS-Tunisia) and Aragón Government (A03 Research Group).Peer reviewe