Automatic generation of software interfaces for supporting decisionmaking processes. An application of domain engineering & machine learning

[EN] Data analysis is a key process to foster knowledge generation in particular domains or fields of study. With a strong informative foundation derived from the analysis of collected data, decision-makers can make strategic choices with the aim of obtaining valuable benefits in their specific areas of action. However, given the steady growth of data volumes, data analysis needs to rely on powerful tools to enable knowledge extraction. Information dashboards offer a software solution to analyze large volumes of data visually to identify patterns and relations and make decisions according to the presented information. But decision-makers may have different goals and, consequently, different necessities regarding their dashboards. Moreover, the variety of data sources, structures, and domains can hamper the design and implementation of these tools. This Ph.D. Thesis tackles the challenge of improving the development process of information dashboards and data visualizations while enhancing their quality and features in terms of personalization, usability, and flexibility, among others. Several research activities have been carried out to support this thesis. First, a systematic literature mapping and review was performed to analyze different methodologies and solutions related to the automatic generation of tailored information dashboards. The outcomes of the review led to the selection of a modeldriven approach in combination with the software product line paradigm to deal with the automatic generation of information dashboards. In this context, a meta-model was developed following a domain engineering approach. This meta-model represents the skeleton of information dashboards and data visualizations through the abstraction of their components and features and has been the backbone of the subsequent generative pipeline of these tools. The meta-model and generative pipeline have been tested through their integration in different scenarios, both theoretical and practical. Regarding the theoretical dimension of the research, the meta-model has been successfully integrated with other meta-model to support knowledge generation in learning ecosystems, and as a framework to conceptualize and instantiate information dashboards in different domains. In terms of the practical applications, the focus has been put on how to transform the meta-model into an instance adapted to a specific context, and how to finally transform this later model into code, i.e., the final, functional product. These practical scenarios involved the automatic generation of dashboards in the context of a Ph.D. Programme, the application of Artificial Intelligence algorithms in the process, and the development of a graphical instantiation platform that combines the meta-model and the generative pipeline into a visual generation system. Finally, different case studies have been conducted in the employment and employability, health, and education domains. The number of applications of the meta-model in theoretical and practical dimensions and domains is also a result itself. Every outcome associated to this thesis is driven by the dashboard meta-model, which also proves its versatility and flexibility when it comes to conceptualize, generate, and capture knowledge related to dashboards and data visualizations

Capturing high-level requirements of information dashboards' components through meta-modeling

[EN]Information dashboards are increasing their sophistication to match new necessities and adapt to the high quantities of generated data nowadays.These tools support visual analysis, knowledge generation, and thus, are crucial systems to assist decision-making processes.However, the design and development processes are complex, because several perspectives and components can be involved.Tailoringcapabilities are focused on providing individualized dashboards without affecting the time-to-market through the decrease of the development processes' time. Among the methods used to configure these tools, the software product lines paradigm and model-driven development can be found. These paradigms benefit from the study of the target domain and the abstraction of features, obtaining high-level models that can be instantiated into concrete models. This paper presents a dashboard meta-model that aims to be applicable to any dashboard. Through domain engineering, different features of these tools are identified and arranged into abstract structuresand relationships to gain a better understanding of the domain. The goal of the meta-model is to obtain a framework for instantiating any dashboard to adapt them to different contexts and user profiles.One of the contexts in which dashboards are gaining relevance is Learning Analytics, as learning dashboards are powerful tools for assisting teachers and students in their learning activities.To illustrate the instantiation process of the presented meta-model, a small example within this relevant context (Learning Analytics) is also provided

Mathematical analysis and numerical methods for pricing pension plans allowing early retirement

In this paper, we address the mathematical analysis and numerical solution of a model for pricing a defined benefit pension plan. More precisely, the benefits received by the member of the plan depend on the average salary and early retirement is allowed. Thus, the mathematical model is posed as an obstacle problem associated to a Kolmogorov equation in the time region where the salary is being averaged. Previously to the initial averaging date, a nonhomogeneous one factor Black-Scholes equation is posed. After stating the model, existence and regularity of solutions are studied. Moreover, appropriate numerical methods based on a Lagrange-Galerkin discretization and an augmented Lagrangian active set method are proposed. Finally, some numerical examples illustrate the performance of the numerical techniques and the properties of the solution and the free boundary.retirement plans, options pricing, Kolmogorov equations, complementarity problem, numerical methods, augmented Lagrangian formulation

Admissible relative errors of the parcel area of a land parcel map base created as a synthesis of individual survey maps

Today the land parcel map of Uruguay is available as an updated, integrated legacy digital cadastre which planimetric accuracy is not enough to assure geometric interoperability. The creation of a brand new land parcel map is being considered with a procedure yet to be defined but in any case subject to reasonable goals in terms of geometric accuracy. In this paper we have tested a direct procedure in which each parcel is joined to its immediate neighbors until a block is formed. In Uruguay such block will grow until a road, river or similar object is found. The block is manually inserted within the road network, which has absolute coordinates. The rural survey maps (approx. 250 000) are already scanned but they need to be vectorized and edited through scaling, rotation and manual matching to its neighbors. GNSS tracks for roads and highways are available for the whole country, so we could fit the block within them in order to properly register it. The resulting geometric accuracy was evaluated in terms of the relative error in area, which has a normal distribution with a mean 0.10% and a standard deviation 3.51%, leaving 82.0% of the parcels with relative area error less than 5%. The planimetric error, crucial to assure interoperability, was 53.79 m at the 95% confidence level

Automatic generation of software interfaces for supporting decision-making processes. An application of domain engineering and machine learning

Information dashboards are sophisticated tools. Although they enable users to reach useful insights and support their decisionmaking challenges, a good design process is essential to obtain powerful tools. Users need to be part of these design processes, as they will be the consumers of the information displayed. But users are very diverse and can have different goals, beliefs, preferences, etc., and creating a new dashboard for each potential user is not viable. There exist several tools that allow users to configure their displays without requiring programming skills. However, users might not exactly know what they want to visualize or explore, also becoming the configuration process a tedious task. This research project aims to explore the automatic generation of user interfaces for supporting these decisionmaking processes. To tackle these challenges, a domain engineering, and machine learning approach is taken. The main goal is to automatize the design process of dashboards by learning from the context, including the end-users and the target data to be displayed

Take only your photos, leave only your footprints: a sociological approach to the phenomenon of urban exploration

[Resumo] O presente estudo trata de expoñer a práctica da exploración urbana dende unha perspectiva sociolóxica. Trátase dunha investigación de carácter exploratorio, que intentará concretar unha definición desta práctica como principal obxectivo, así como coñecer as motivacións dos exploradores urbanos que a levan a cabo, ademais de interpretar as súas prácticas incluíndo unha perspectiva de xénero. Para alcanzar todo isto realízase unha análise teórica sobre as poucas investigacións que existen sobre o tema en cuestión, xunto con información primaria, obtida a partir dunha metodoloxía cualitativa e unha etnografía virtual; sendo esta última de uso obrigatorio posto que as relacións desta comunidade se desenvolven a través de redes sociais como Facebook ou Instagram e a partir de diferentes blogs.[Resumen] El presente estudio trata de exponer la práctica de la exploración urbana desde una perspectiva sociológica. Se trata de una investigación de carácter exploratorio, que intentará concretar una definición de esta práctica como principal objetivo, así como conocer las motivaciones de los exploradores urbanos que la llevan a cabo, además de interpretar sus prácticas incluyendo una perspectiva de género. Para alcanzar todo esto se realiza un análisis teórico sobre las pocas investigaciones que existen sobre el tema en cuestión, junto con información primaria, obtenida a partir de una metodología cualitativa y una etnografía virtual; siendo esta última de uso obligatorio puesto que las relaciones de esta comunidad se desarrollan a través de redes sociales cómo Facebook o Instagram y a partir de diferentes blogs.[Abstract] The present study tries to expose the practice of urban exploration from a sociological perspective. It’s an exploratory research that will try to define this practice as the main target, as well as to know the motivations for the urban explorers to carry it out, in addition to interpreting their practices including a gender perspective. To achieve all this, a theoretical analysis is carried out on the few investigations that exist on the subject in question, and a primary information, obtained from a qualitative methodology and a virtual ethnography; this last one is of mandatory use because the relations of this community are developed through social networks like Facebook or Instagram and different blogs.Traballo fin de grao (UDC.SOC). Socioloxía. Curso 2016/201

What Do We Mean by GenAI? A Systematic Mapping of The Evolution, Trends, and Techniques Involved in Generative AI

Artificial Intelligence has become a focal point of interest across various sectors due to its ability to generate creative and realistic outputs. A specific subset, generative artificial intelligence, has seen significant growth, particularly in late 2022. Tools like ChatGPT, Dall-E, or Midjourney have democratized access to Large Language Models, enabling the creation of human-like content. However, the concept 'Generative Artificial Intelligence lacks a universally accepted definition, leading to potential misunderstandings. While a model that produces any output can be technically seen as generative, the Artificial Intelligent research community often reserves the term for complex models that generate high-quality, human-like material. This paper presents a literature mapping of AI-driven content generation, analyzing 631 solutions published over the last five years to better understand and characterize the Generative Artificial Intelligence landscape. Our findings suggest a dichotomy in the understanding and application of the term "Generative AI". While the broader public often interprets "Generative AI" as AI-driven creation of tangible content, the AI research community mainly discusses generative implementations with an emphasis on the models in use, without explicitly categorizing their work under the term "Generative AI"

Propuesta para mejorar la eficiencia y eficacia financiera del Club de Oficiales de la Policía Nacional

EL Club de Oficiales de la Policía Nacional es una entidad de derecho privado de carácter social, cultural y deportivo sin fines de lucro con autonomía administrativa y económica que funciona por su autogestión y aportación de los socios. En la actualidad los ingresos son insuficientes para el mantenimiento total de las instalaciones, por lo que se propone mejorarla gestión financiera del Club y obtener una eficiente planificación con la redistribución de ingresos provenientes de las aportaciones de los socios, con el incremento del valor de la entrada a invitados de los socios, el ingresos por uso del gimnasio a los invitados de los socios, también la recuperación de la inversión del proyecto de la cancha sintética, el incremento de ingresos por eventos y banquetes y la modernización del software contable-financiero. Lo que permitirá mejorar el manejo de los recursos, servicios, optimización de activos productivos y administración de los ingresos del Club.The Officers Club National Police is a private company of social, cultural, sports and nonprofit with administrative and financial autonomy that works by its autonomous administration and contribution of partners. At present revenues are insufficient for total facility maintenance, so it is proposed club improve financial management and efficient planning get with the redistribution of income from the contributions of the partners, with the increasing input value to guests of members, the income from the gym to the guests of members, also payback the synthetic field project, increasing revenues and banquet events and the modernization of accounting and financial software. It’s allowing improved management of resources, services, optimization of productive assets and revenue management club

Discursos y prácticas rechazantes: barreras de accesibilidad de drogadependientes a servicios de salud de la ciudad de Buenos Aires

El objetivo del artículo es construir articulaciones entre los procesos de estigmatización social y la drogadependencia como un caso particular de exclusión en salud. Para ello, se realiza una revisión bibliográfica y documental y se analizan resultados seleccionados de una investigación que indagó la relación entre los procesos de estigma social sobre la drogadependencia y sus efectos en la accesibilidad de drogadependientes a la atención en salud.Eje: Psicología Social Publicado en: Memorias del IV Congreso Internacional de Investigación de la Facultad de Psicología: conocimiento y práctica profesional: perspectivas y problemáticas actuales - Tomo IIFacultad de Psicologí

Accessibility to health care for people with problematic consumption: obstacles and sufferings

El viraje de las políticas de salud viene produciendo un desmantelamiento de derechos ciudadanos cuyos efectos a largo plazo aún son difíciles de calcular. El impacto de estas políticas se puede analizar en varios ejes. El retorno de la institución manicomial como organizadora del sistema de atención de los problemas de salud mental, la jerarquización del discurso médico psiquiátrico desvalorizando el abordaje interdisciplinario y el desconocimiento de las instancias previstas para la discusión y monitoreo del cumplimiento de la Ley Nacional de Salud Mental parecen indicar que va teniendo lugar algo aún más regresivo que una vuelta los lineamientos de las políticas de salud mental de los años 90. El análisis integral de estas transformaciones permite visualizar una operatoria de políticas que sostienen los núcleos más retrógrados y duros del neoliberalismo: mercantilización de la salud, omisión de la implementación de normativas específicas en la temática y de sus principios, definición del problema desde una perspectiva individual y centrada en las sustancias y, finalmente, la profundización de los procesos de estigmatización y de prácticas discriminatorias.The change in health policies has led to a dismantling of citizen rights whose long-term effects are still difficult to calculate. The impact of these policies can be analyzed in several areas. The return of the mental institution as an organizer of the system of attention to mental health problems, the hierarchy of psychiatric medical discourse devaluing the interdisciplinary approach and the ignorance of the instances planned for the discussion and monitoring of observation with the Mental Health National Law seem to indicate that something even more regressive than a come back to the guidelines of mental health policies of the 90’s is taking place. The integral analysis of these transformations allows us to visualize an operation of policies that support the hardest and most retrograde nuclei of neo-liberalism: commodification of health, omission of the implementation of specific regulations and its principles, definition of the problem from an individual and substance-centered perspective and, finally, the deepening of stigmatization processes and discriminatory practices.Facultad de Psicologí