Initial Trace of Solutions of Some Quasilinear Parabolic Equations with Absorption

AbstractWe study the existence of an initial trace of nonnegative solutions of the problemδtu−∇·(∣∇u∣p−2∇u)+uq=0in QT=Ω×(0,T). We prove that the initial trace is an outer regular Borel measure which may not be locally bounded for some values of the parameters p and q. We study also the corresponding Cauchy problems with a given generalized Borel measure as initial data

Les sociétés locales rurales et le développement des gîtes dans la mégalopole de Shanghai

Cet article analyse les formes de gouvernance rurale de la mégalopole du delta du Yangzi au regard du tourisme dans l’espace rural. Nous étudions le rôle des communautés et leur insertion dans une nouvelle activité économique, celle de services touristiques. Ces activités ont conduit des communautés rurales à une réorganisation du travail, un enrichissement des foyers et à une transformation morphologique des villages. L’examen de deux villages au sein du delta du Yangzi permet d’illustrer un développement local par le tourisme et l’évolution des ruraux, devenus prestataires de services touristiques.This article examines the forms of rural governance in the Yangtze River Delta megalopolis with regard to rural tourism. We study the role of communities and their integration into a new economic activity trough tourism services. These activities have led rural communities to reorganize their work, enrich their homes and morphologically transform villages. The study of two villages within the Yangtze delta illustrates local development through tourism and the evolution of rural people who have become tourist service providers

Therapy modifies cystine kidney stones at the macroscopic scale. Do such alterations exist at the mesoscopic and nanometre scale?

International audienceWith an incidence of 1:7000 births, cystinuria, the most frequent cause of stone formation among genetic diseases, represents a major medical problem. Twentyfive cystine stones randomly selected from cystinuric patients were investigated. From a crystallographic point of view, cystine stones are composed of micrometre size crystallites, which are made up of an aggregation of nanocrystals. Through scanning electron microscopy, the morphology and size of the crystallites have been described, while the size of the nanocrystals was investigated by means of powder neutron diffraction. Powder neutron diffraction analysis and/or scanning electron microscopy examination of cystine stones provide evidence that usual alkalinization by sodium bicarbonate associated with high diuresis significantly reduces the size of both nanocrystals and crystallites, while for other treatments, including alkalinizing drugs and thiol derivatives, the data suggest mainly changes in the topology of crystallites. Alkalinization with sodium bicarbonate affects cystine kidney stones at the mesoscopic and nanoscopic scales, while other medical treatments only alter their surface. Such an approach may help to assess the interaction between drugs and cystine stones in cystinuric patients

Chemical expansion of La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.7Ga0.3O3-δ

International audienceThis paper deals with the chemical expansion measurements and modelling of La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.7Ga0.3O3-δ. The expansion behavior has been evaluated using a dilatometer and X-ray diffraction over a wide range of temperatures (RT to 1373 K) and oxygen partial pressures (10−21 to 1 atm). The material stoichiometry evolution with temperature and oxygen partial pressure has been measured using thermogravimetry analysis at different oxygen partial pressure, from 10−21 to 0.5 atm and from RT to 1473 K. Considering a typical defect model for lanthanum ferrite oxides, chemical expansion depends linearly on the Fe4+ concentration rather than on the oxygen vacancy concentration. A model of chemical expansion as a function of pO2 and temperature is then proposed. It helps to understand and anticipate the chemical expansion behavior exhibited by this material when used as Ionic Transport Membrane (ITM)

A finite element/quaternion/asymptotic numerical method for the 3D simulation of flexible cables

In this paper, a method for the quasi-static simulation of flexible cables assembly in the context of automotive industry is presented. The cables geometry and behavior encourage to employ a geometrically exact beam model. The 3D kinematics is then based on the position of the centerline and on the orientation of the cross-sections, which is here represented by rotational quaternions. Their algebraic nature leads to a polynomial form of equilibrium equations. The continuous equations obtained are then discretized by the finite element method and easily recast under quadratic form by introducing additional slave variables. The asymptotic numerical method, a powerful solver for systems of quadratic equations, is then employed for the continuation of the branches of solution. The originality of this paper stands in the combination of all these methods which leads to a fast and accurate tool for the assembly process of cables. This is proved by running several classical validation tests and an industry-like example

Banking union in historical perspective: the initiative of the European Commission in the 1960s-1970s

This article shows that planning for the organization of EU banking regulation and supervision did not just appear on the agenda in recent years with discussions over the creation of the eurozone banking union. It unveils a hitherto neglected initiative of the European Commission in the 1960s and early 1970s. Drawing on extensive archival work, this article explains that this initiative, however, rested on a number of different assumptions, and emerged in a much different context. It first explains that the Commission's initial project was not crisis-driven; that it articulated the link between monetary integration and banking regulation; and finally that it did not set out to move the supervisory framework to the supranational level, unlike present-day developments

White light and multicolor emission tuning in triply doped Yb3+/Tm3+/Er3+ novel fluoro-phosphate transparent glass-ceramics

New Yb3+, Er3+ and Tm3+ doped fluoro-phosphate glasses belonging to the system NaPO3-YF3-BaF2-CaF2 and containing up to 10 wt% of rare-earth ion fluorides were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, absorption spectroscopy and up-conversion emission spectroscopy under excitation with a 975 nm laser diode. Transparent and homogeneous glass-ceramics have been reproducibly obtained with a view to manage the red, green and blue emission bands and generate white light. X-ray diffraction as well as electron microscopy techniques have confirmed the formation of fluorite-type cubic nanocrystals at the beginning of the crystallization process while complex nanocrystalline phases are formed after a longer heat-treatment. The prepared glass-ceramics exhibit high optical transparency even after 170 h of thermal treatment. An improvement of up-conversion emission intensity - from 10 to 160 times larger - was measured in the glass-ceramics when compared to the parent glass, suggesting an important incorporation of the rare-earth ions into the crystalline phase(s). The involved mechanisms and lifetime were described in detail as a function of heat-treatment time. Finally, a large range of designable color rendering (from orange to turquoise through white) can be observed in these materials by controlling the laser excitation power and the crystallization rate.Canadian Excellence Research Chair program (CERC) on Enabling Photonic Innovations for Information and CommunicationFAPESPCNPqINCT - INOF/CePOFANR (CrystOG ANR-12-JS08-0002-01

Synthesis and structural characterisation of boron gehlénite Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7 : B/Al substitution mechanism and local ordering

Dans cette thèse, nous décrirons les effets structuraux (structure moyenne et à l’ordre local) engendrés par la substitution de l’aluminium par du bore dans la gehlénite (Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7). Les modifications des environnements atomiques à courtes et moyennes distances ont pu être déterminées grâce à une analyse poussée par diffraction sur poudre et à l’utilisation des dernières techniques de RMN haute résolution en phase solide. La première partie du manuscrit donne une description complète de la structure du minéral non substitué Ca2Al2SiO7. L’ensemble des 7 environnements de l’aluminium a été décrit par une simulation combinée de spectres RMN MAS et MQMAS 27Al acquis à différents champs et attribué à l’aide d’expériences d’édition spectrale. L’existence de liaisons Al-O-Al a été démontrée. Par ailleurs, la détermination de la proportion des unités Q3(2Al) nous a permis d’accéder à l’enthalpie de mise en ordre Al/Si dans ce système. Le mécanisme de substitution Al/B et l’évolution structurale de la solution solide Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7 (0 x 2), synthétisée par cristallisation de verres de même composition, ont été caractérisés par affinements Rietveld de données collectées par diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons. Des observations effectuées par RMN MAS sur les trois noyaux du système (27Al, 29Si et 11B) nous ont permis de compléter ces résultats. Un nouveau borosilicate de calcium de formule CaSi1/3B2/3O8/3, appartenant au diagramme de phase Ca2Al2SiO7-Ca2B2SiO7, a pu être identifié et synthétisé. Sa structure a été déterminée in situ et ab initio en combinant des techniques de diffraction, de microscopie électronique en transmission et de résonance magnétique nucléaire.This work describes the structural modifications (average structure and local order) due to the substitution of boron for aluminum in gehlenite (Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7). The modifications of the short and medium range in the structure order have been determined using neutron and X-ray powder diffraction and recent advanced high resolution solid-state NMR techniques. The first part of this manuscript provides a full description of the structure of the non substituted mineral (Ca2Al2SiO7). All the 7 aluminum sites are identified and quantified by 27Al MAS, MQMAS and spectral editing NMR experiments performed at 9.4 and 17.6T. The existence of Al-O-Al linkage is demonstrated. The quantification of the Q3(2Al) species by 29Si MAS NMR allows the determination of the enthalpy related to the Al/Si ordering in the system. The Al/B substitution mechanism and the structural evolutions of the Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7 (0 x 2) solid solution, synthesised by crystallisation from glass, have been characterised by Rietveld refinements from Xray and neutron powder diffraction data. These results have been completed by solid-state NMR experiments (11B, 27Al and 29Si). A new calcium borosilicate phase (CaSi1/3B2/3O8/3), observed in the Ca2Al2SiO7-Ca2B2SiO7 phase diagram, has been identified and synthesised. The in situ and ab initio structure determination of this phase has been performed using the charge flipping method by combining powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and solid-state NMR analyses

Synthèse et étude structurale de la gehlénite au bore Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7 : mécanisme de substitution B/AI et ordre local

This work describes the structural modifications (average structure and local order) due to the substitution of boron for aluminum in gehlenite (Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7). The modifications of the short and medium range in the structure order have been determined using neutron and X-ray powder diffraction and recent advanced high resolution solid-state NMR techniques. The first part of this manuscript provides a full description of the structure of the non substituted mineral (Ca2Al2SiO7). All the 7 aluminum sites are identified and quantified by 27Al MAS, MQMAS and spectral editing NMR experiments performed at 9.4 and 17.6T. The existence of Al-O-Al linkage is demonstrated. The quantification of the Q3(2Al) species by 29Si MAS NMR allows the determination of the enthalpy related to the Al/Si ordering in the system. The Al/B substitution mechanism and the structural evolutions of the Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7 (0 x 2) solid solution, synthesised by crystallisation from glass, have been characterised by Rietveld refinements from Xray and neutron powder diffraction data. These results have been completed by solid-state NMR experiments (11B, 27Al and 29Si). A new calcium borosilicate phase (CaSi1/3B2/3O8/3), observed in the Ca2Al2SiO7-Ca2B2SiO7 phase diagram, has been identified and synthesised. The in situ and ab initio structure determination of this phase has been performed using the charge flipping method by combining powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and solid-state NMR analyses.Dans cette thèse, nous décrirons les effets structuraux (structure moyenne et à l’ordre local) engendrés par la substitution de l’aluminium par du bore dans la gehlénite (Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7). Les modifications des environnements atomiques à courtes et moyennes distances ont pu être déterminées grâce à une analyse poussée par diffraction sur poudre et à l’utilisation des dernières techniques de RMN haute résolution en phase solide. La première partie du manuscrit donne une description complète de la structure du minéral non substitué Ca2Al2SiO7. L’ensemble des 7 environnements de l’aluminium a été décrit par une simulation combinée de spectres RMN MAS et MQMAS 27Al acquis à différents champs et attribué à l’aide d’expériences d’édition spectrale. L’existence de liaisons Al-O-Al a été démontrée. Par ailleurs, la détermination de la proportion des unités Q3(2Al) nous a permis d’accéder à l’enthalpie de mise en ordre Al/Si dans ce système. Le mécanisme de substitution Al/B et l’évolution structurale de la solution solide Ca2Al2-xBxSiO7 (0 x 2), synthétisée par cristallisation de verres de même composition, ont été caractérisés par affinements Rietveld de données collectées par diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons. Des observations effectuées par RMN MAS sur les trois noyaux du système (27Al, 29Si et 11B) nous ont permis de compléter ces résultats. Un nouveau borosilicate de calcium de formule CaSi1/3B2/3O8/3, appartenant au diagramme de phase Ca2Al2SiO7-Ca2B2SiO7, a pu être identifié et synthétisé. Sa structure a été déterminée in situ et ab initio en combinant des techniques de diffraction, de microscopie électronique en transmission et de résonance magnétique nucléaire