Protecting the right to emergency medical service in the European Court of human rights and collective complaint procedure

The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is generally described as the most effective human rights protection mechanism. While the jurisdiction of the Court is limited to civil and political rights, the protection of socio-economic rights at the Council of Europe is sought primarily through the Collective Complaint Procedure (CCP). Such a distinction reflects the traditional perception of human rights, according to which the protection of socio-economic rights has been regarded as inferior to first-category human rights. However, analysis of the ECtHR and CCP from the viewpoint of emergency medical service illustrates that, contrary to the prevailing understanding, both mechanisms do provide equally effective protection for claims concerning the right to emergency health care. © 2018 Jenna Uusitalo, published by Sciendo.Peer reviewe

“In related news, Putin just ordered troops into Hogwarts”:intertextuality in the jokes of network late-night talk show monologues

Abstract. This thesis examines the intertextuality’s role in the jokes of late-night talk show monologues. The main goal is to apply Kristeva’s, Riffaterre’s and Saussure’s theories of intertextuality in conjunction with Rashkin and Attardo’s General Theory of Verbal humor to figure whether intertextuality is aleatory or obligatory to the jokes presented in the monologues. The data for this thesis has been collected from the four most watched network late night talk shows: Late Night with Seth Meyers (NBC), The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (NBC), The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (CBS) and Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC). The monologues were aired between March and May of 2022. 15 jokes from each of the shows were chosen to best represent the variety of intertextual references in the jokes. These were analyzed and categorized based on how intertextuality affects the srcipt opposition necessary for the jokes to work. The findings include that monologue jokes have intertextual references in both the setups and punchlines. When in setups, the role of intertextuality is to establish and restrict scripts, making the intertextuality obligatory for the joke. In punchlines, intertextuality is obligatory, as the intertextual reference is usually the punchline that creates script opposition. Visual references in the setup were usually not obligatory, as they were often complementing the reference made verbally. Similarly in the punchline, visual references were often aleatory, but there were also jokes where the image was the only element creating script opposition, thus being obligatory.”In related news, Putin just ordered troops into Hogwarts” : intertekstuaaliset viittaukset late-night ohjelmien monologien vitseissä. Tiivistelmä. Tässä tutkielmassa tarkastellaan intertekstuaalisuuden roolia yhdysvaltalaisten myöhäisillan talk show -ohjelmien monologien vitseissä. Päätavoitteena on soveltaa Kristevan, Riffaterren ja Saussuren teorioita intertekstuaalisuudesta yhdessä Rashkinin ja Attardon yleisen verbaalisen huumorin teorian (general verbal theory of humor) kanssa sen selvittämiseksi, onko intertekstuaalisuus monologeissa esitetyille vitseille kohentavaa (aleatory) vai välttämätöntä obligatory. Tämän tutkielman aineisto on kerätty neljästä katsotuimmasta yhdysvaltalaisesta myöhäisillan talk show -ohjelmasta: Late Night with Seth Meyers (NBC), The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon (NBC), The Late Show with Stephen Colbert (CBS) ja Jimmy Kimmel Live! (ABC). Monologit esitettiin ohjelmissa maaliskuun ja toukokuun 2022 välisenä aikana. Kustakin ohjelmasta valittiin 15 vitsiä, jotta ne edustaisivat parhaiten vitseissä esiintyvien intertekstuaalisten viittausten moninaisuutta. Näitä analysoitiin ja luokiteltiin sen perusteella, miten intertekstuaalisuus vaikuttaa vitsin edellyttämään skriptien ristiriitaan (script opposition). Analyysistä nähdään, että monologivitseissä on intertekstuaalisia viittauksia sekä vitsien alustuksissa, että vitsin kärjessä. Kun intertekstuaalisuus esiintyy alustuksessa, intertekstuaalisuuden tehtävänä on luoda ja rajoittaa skriptejä, jolloin intertekstuaalisuus on vitsin kannalta välttämätöntä. Vitsin kärjessä intertekstuaalisuus on välttämätöntä, sillä intertekstuaalinen viittaus on yleensä se elementti, joka luo skriptien ristiriitaa. Visuaaliset viittaukset eivät yleensä olleet välttämättömiä, koska ne usein täydensivät verbaalista viittausta. Vastaavasti vitsin kärjessä visuaaliset viittaukset olivat usein kohentavia, mutta oli myös vitsejä, joissa kuva oli ainoa skriptien ristiriitaa luova elementti, joten se oli välttämätön

Bulk Heterojunction Morphologies with Atomistic Resolution from Coarse-Grain Solvent Evaporation Simulations

Control over the morphology of the active layer of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells is paramount to achieve high efficiency devices. However, no method currently available can predict morphologies for a novel donor:acceptor blend. An approach which allows to reach relevant length scales, retain chemical specificity, mimic experimental fabrication conditions, and which is suited for high-throughput schemes has been proven challenging to find. Here, we propose a method to generate atom-resolved morphologies of BHJs which conforms to these requirements. Coarse-grain (CG) molecular dynamics simulations are employed to simulate the large-scale morphological organization during solution-processing. The use of CG models which retain chemical specificity translates into a direct path to the rational design of donor and acceptor compounds which differ only slightly in chemical nature. Finally, the direct retrieval of fully atomistic detail is possible through backmapping, opening the way for improved quantum mechanical calculations addressing the charge separation mechanism. The method is illustrated for the poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) mixture, and found to predict morphologies in agreement with experimental data. The effect of drying rate, P3HT molecular weight and thermal annealing are investigated extensively, resulting in trends mimicking experimental findings. The proposed methodology can help reduce the parameter space which has to be explored before obtaining optimal morphologies not only for BHJ solar cells but for any other solution-processed soft matter device.</p

Performance and flow dynamics studies of polymeric optofluidic sers sensors

We present a polymer-based optofluidic surface enhanced Raman scattering chip for biomolecule detection, serving as a disposable sensorchoice with cost-effective production. The SERS substrate is fabricated by using industrial roll-to-roll UV-nanoimprinting equipment andintegrated with adhesive-based polymeric microfluidics. The functioning of the SERS detection on-chip is confirmed and the effect of thepolymer lid on the obtainable Raman spectra is analysed. Rhodamine 6G is used as a model analyte to demonstrate continuous flowmeasurements on a planar SERS substrate in a microchannel. The relation between the temporal response of the sensors and sample flowdynamics is studied with varied flow velocities, using SERS and fluorescence detection. The response time of the surface-dependent SERSsignal is longer than the response time of the fluorescence signal of the bulk flow. This observation revealed the effect of convection on thetemporal SERS responses at 25 μl/min to 1000 μl/min flow velocities. The diffusion of analyte molecules from the bulk concentration intothe sensing surface induces about a 40-second lag time in the SERS detection. This lag time, and its rising trend with slower flow velocities, has to be taken into account in future trials of the optofluidic SERS sensor, with active analyte binding on the sensing surface

Shape coexistence at the proton drip-line: First identification of excited states in 180Pb

Excited states in the extremely neutron-deficient nucleus, 180Pb, have been identified for the first time using the JUROGAM II array in conjunction with the RITU recoil separator at the Accelerator Laboratory of the University of Jyvaskyla. This study lies at the limit of what is presently achievable with in-beam spectroscopy, with an estimated cross-section of only 10 nb for the 92Mo(90Zr,2n)180Pb reaction. A continuation of the trend observed in 182Pb and 184Pb is seen, where the prolate minimum continues to rise beyond the N=104 mid-shell with respect to the spherical ground state. Beyond mean-field calculations are in reasonable correspondence with the trends deduced from experiment.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys.Rev.

The power of coarse graining in biomolecular simulations

Computational modeling of biological systems is challenging because of the multitude of spatial and temporal scales involved. Replacing atomistic detail with lower resolution, coarse grained (CG), beads has opened the way to simulate large-scale biomolecular processes on time scales inaccessible to all-atom models. We provide an overview of some of the more popular CG models used in biomolecular applications to date, focusing on models that retain chemical specificity. A few state-of-the-art examples of protein folding, membrane protein gating and self-assembly, DNA hybridization, and modeling of carbohydrate fibers are used to illustrate the power and diversity of current CG modeling

Projected shell model study of odd-odd f-p-g shell proton-rich nuclei

A systematic study of 2-quasiparticle bands of the proton-rich odd-odd nuclei in the mass A ~ 70-80 region is performed using the projected shell model approach. The study includes Br-, Rb-, and Y-isotopes with N = Z+2, and Z+4. We describe the energy spectra and electromagnetic transition strengths in terms of the configuration mixing of the angular-momentum projected multi-quasiparticle states. Signature splitting and signature inversion in the rotational bands are discussed and are shown to be well described. A preliminary study of the odd-odd N = Z nucleus, 74Rb using the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is also presented.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, final version accepted by Phys. Rev.

A portable methane sampling system for radiocarbon-based bioportion measurements and environmental CH4 sourcing studies

Radiocarbon measurements can be used to deduce the proportion of renewable to fossil carbon in materials. While these biofraction measurements are performed routinely on solid and liquid substances, measurements of gaseous samples, such as methane, are still scarce. As a pioneering effort, we have developed a field-capable sampling system for the selective capture of CH4 for radiocarbon-concentration measurements. The system allows for biofraction measurements of methane by accelerator mass spectrometry. In environmental research, radiocarbon measurements of methane can be used for fingerprinting different sources of methane emissions. In metrology and industry, biofraction measurements can be utilized to characterize biogas/natural gas mixtures within gas-line networks. In this work, the portable sampling system is described in detail and reference measurements of biofractions of gaseous fuel samples are presented. Low-concentration (1-ppm-CH4) sampling for environmental applications appears feasible but has not been fully tested at present. This development allows for multitude of future applications ranging from Arctic methane emissions to biogas insertion to gas networks. Published by AIP Publishing.Peer reviewe