Interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft graphs with application

The concept of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets and fuzzy graphs structure together constitute a new structure called an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft graph. The definitions of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft subgraph and strong interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft graph are introduced with suitable examples. The degree of the good influence of a parameter in a fuzzy network and there is no influence by an interval number in the same system. Similarly, the effectiveness and non-effectiveness of the other fuzzy system on other parameters is measured by the concept of soft graphs in this article. Also, several different types of operations, including Cartesian product, strong product and composition on interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft graphs are presented. Some related properties of these operations are investigated. Finally, we give a real-life application of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft graphs on social media and find out the most affected person in social media.Publisher's Versio

Bioequivalence study of two formulations containing 400 mg dexibuprofen in healthy Indian subjects

Objective: This study presents the results of two-period, two-treatment crossover investigations on 24 healthy Indian male subjects to assess the bioequivalence of two oral formulations containing 400 mg of dexibuprofen (CAS 51146-56-6). An attempt was also made to study the pharmacokinetics of dexibuprofen in the local population of Indian origin.Method: Both of the formulations were administered orally as a single dose separated by a one-week washout period. The concentration of dexibuprofen in plasma was determined by a validated HPLC method with UV detection using carbamazepine as internal standard. The formulations were compared using the parameters area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t), area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and time to reach peak plasma concentration (tmax).Results: The results of this investigation indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the logarithmically transformed AUC0-∞ and Cmax values of the two preparations. The 90 % confidence interval for the ratio of the logarithmically transformed AUC0-t, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were within the bioequivalence limit of 0.8-1.25 and the relative bioavailability of the test formulation was 99.04 % of that of reference formulationjok?.Conclusion: Thus, these findings clearly indicate that the two formulations are bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of drug absorption. Both preparations were well tolerated with no adverse reactions observed throughout the study

FORMATION OF A SCALE FOR EVALUATION OF THESIS QUALITY IN MD CURRICULUM IN WEST BENGAL

Back ground: Thesis  is an obligatory part of Medical post graduate or post doctoral courses under West Bengal University of Health Sciences.  The purpose of this thesis work is to make the doctors familiar with research methodology. There is no procedure or scale to evaluate the quality of thesis works in our state. Aim:Formation of a scale for evaluation of thesis work & using this scale evaluation of ongoing thesis works of this medical university. Procedure: At first we develop a scale containing five factors  Format, Study design,Knowledge of the post graduate trainee,New ideas,Literature reviewed and validation of that  scale was done.With the help of this validated scale we have evaluated 135 thesis works of out going post graduate medical students. Result: After evaluation it was found that most of the thesis work fall in the excellent category.Very few are exceptional as well as good or acceptable.The scale also indicated that the weak areas of the thesis works. Conclusion: Our scale will indicate the clear picture of quality of a research work including strong and weak areas. This fact will help us in future to plan a better research work

Narrative Review of Nimesulide in Adults: Current Scenario

Nimesulide, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been used as an effective treatment regimen for patients aged >12 years for fever, acute pain, acute tendinitis, osteoarthritis and dysmenorrhea. It is reported to be a superior antipyretic and anti-inflammatory drug than paracetamol and aspirin, respectively, and is equal to any of the NSAIDs alone in terms of analgesia. This paper reviews the current scenario of nimesulide in adult patients, concerning clinical evidence, use in special population and expert opinion. Overall, in comparison to other NSAIDs, including coxibs, nimesulide has a promising overall efficacy, safety and tolerability profile, as well as a satisfactory benefit/risk evaluation

Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dot Polymer and Deciphering Its Electronic Structure

Herein we report the one-pot synthesis of a fluorescent polymer-like material (pCD) by exploiting ruthenium-doped carbon dots (CDs) as building blocks. The unusual spectral profiles of pCDswith double-humped periodic excitation dependent photoluminescence (EDPL), and the regular changes in their corresponding average lifetime indicate the formation of high energy donor states and low energy aggregated states due to the overlap of molecular orbitals throughout the chemically switchable π-network of CDs on polymerization. To probe the electronic distribution of pCDs, we have investigated the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer with a model electron acceptor, menadione using transient absorption technique, corroborated with low magnetic field, followed by identification of the transient radical ions generated through electron transfer. The experimentally obtained B_(1/2) value, a measure of the hyperfine interactions present in the system, indicates the presence of highly conjugated π-electron cloud in pCDs. The mechanism of formation of pCDs and the entire experimental findings have further been investigated through molecular modeling and computational modeling. The DFT calculations demonstrated probable electronic transitions from the surface moieties of pCDs to the tethered ligands

RENAL PROFILE IN AMIKACIN THERAPY IN NEONATAL SEPTICEMIA

Background: Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal deaths followed by extreme prematurity and birth asphyxia. In our hospital settings, a case of septicemia is treated with aminoglycosides (AG) combined with third generation cephalosporins. This is the standard guidelines of treatment of septicaemia.Though the duration of therapy should be 5-7days for most probable sepsis and 14 days for culture positive cases but as the cost of therapy is high, and the laboratory procedures for monitoring such duration of therapy is not possible in our hospital , short duration of 5-day therapy is practiced. Among the AGs, amikacin being extensively studied highly preferred agent because of its broadest spectrum, resistance to inactivating enzymes , least lysosomal damage, better tolerability profile and also low cost of therapy. The present piece of work aims at assessing any change in the renal profile of the babies being treated with 5-day amikacin therapy. Materials and methods: Serum Creatinine,urea,potassium and 24 hours urinary Creatinine clearance were estimated on day 1(before initiation of therapy)and on day 3, day 5 of the septicemic neonates.These parameters were selected to assess the status of renal function of the affected neonates. Results and conclusion :There was no significant changes in renal function with the regimen

Design and Synthesis of Fluorescent Carbon Dot Polymer and Deciphering Its Electronic Structure

Herein we report the one-pot synthesis of a fluorescent polymer-like material (pCD) by exploiting ruthenium-doped carbon dots (CDs) as building blocks. The unusual spectral profiles of pCDswith double-humped periodic excitation dependent photoluminescence (EDPL), and the regular changes in their corresponding average lifetime indicate the formation of high energy donor states and low energy aggregated states due to the overlap of molecular orbitals throughout the chemically switchable π-network of CDs on polymerization. To probe the electronic distribution of pCDs, we have investigated the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer with a model electron acceptor, menadione using transient absorption technique, corroborated with low magnetic field, followed by identification of the transient radical ions generated through electron transfer. The experimentally obtained B_(1/2) value, a measure of the hyperfine interactions present in the system, indicates the presence of highly conjugated π-electron cloud in pCDs. The mechanism of formation of pCDs and the entire experimental findings have further been investigated through molecular modeling and computational modeling. The DFT calculations demonstrated probable electronic transitions from the surface moieties of pCDs to the tethered ligands

Harnessing genetic potential of wheat germplasm banks through impact-oriented-prebreeding for future food and nutritional security

The value of exotic wheat genetic resources for accelerating grain yield gains is largely unproven and unrealized. We used next-generation sequencing, together with multi-environment phenotyping, to study the contribution of exotic genomes to 984 three-way-cross-derived (exotic/elite1//elite2) pre-breeding lines (PBLs). Genomic characterization of these lines with haplotype map-based and SNP marker approaches revealed exotic specific imprints of 16.1 to 25.1%, which compares to theoretical expectation of 25%. A rare and favorable haplotype (GT) with 0.4% frequency in gene bank identified on chromosome 6D minimized grain yield (GY) loss under heat stress without GY penalty under irrigated conditions. More specifically, the ‘T’ allele of the haplotype GT originated in Aegilops tauschii and was absent in all elite lines used in study. In silico analysis of the SNP showed hits with a candidate gene coding for isoflavone reductase IRL-like protein in Ae. tauschii. Rare haplotypes were also identified on chromosomes 1A, 6A and 2B effective against abiotic/biotic stresses. Results demonstrate positive contributions of exotic germplasm to PBLs derived from crosses of exotics with CIMMYT’s best elite lines. This is a major impact-oriented pre-breeding effort at CIMMYT, resulting in large-scale development of PBLs for deployment in breeding programs addressing food security under climate change scenarios