Anti-Alcohol Campaign in Minsk Military District in 1914-1916 (by Materials of Periodical Press)

The article covers the process of implementation of the anti-alcohol campaign in the Minsk military district from the beginning of the First World War to the middle of 1916. The urgency of the issue is substantiated and the necessity of its solution is reasoned. The position of the population and local authorities on government documents prohibiting the sale of alcoholic beverages is presented. The attention is focused on the absoluteness and universality of the campaign: it was held in all provinces and counties of the Minsk military district; the participants of the event were ordinary people - alcohol consumers, owners of drinking establishments, local officials, public and medical organizations, supervisory authorities. Forms of resistance of the population to government measures are listed. Classification of types of punishments for their violation, up to expulsion out of province is made. It is claimed that since the middle of 1916 at all levels of the power attention to “drunk” question gradually began to weaken that is connected with change of an internal political situation in the country and approach of events of February, 1917. The facts of weakening control in this direction are given, which is confirmed by the conclusion of compromises between the regional authorities and the owners of drinking establishments. The article is written on the basis of the materials of the periodical press

Thermobaric synthesis, structure, and properties of Dy x Cu 3V4O12

The perovskite-like compound Dy x Cu3V 4O12 (x = 0.67-0.75) is synthesized under high pressure (P = 4.0-9.0 GPa) and temperature (T = 1000 C). Its crystal structure is determined (Im-3 space group, Z = 2, a = 7.29348(7) Å) by means of powder X-ray diffraction. The basic lengths and bond angles are defined. It is found that the high-pressure phase of Dy x Cu3V 4O12 is characterized by metallic conductivity and paramagnetic properties. © 2013 Allerton Press, Inc

The role of neuropsychological support in the system of comprehensive medical and psychological rehabilitation of children of primary school age

The purpose of the study - To investigate the level of awareness of the parent about the disease of his child, to assess how important they consider the work of a neuropsychologist to correct the cognitive sphere of the child.Цель исследования - исследовать уровень информированности родителя о заболевании его ребенка, оценить, насколько родители считают важным работу нейропсихолога по коррекции когнитивной сферы ребенка

Hygienic characteristics of chronic gastroduodenitis among children living in the environment impacted by industrial chemical factors (case study: Perm krai)

The aim of this research is to carry out hygienic evaluation of the impact of industrial chemical factors on chronic gastroduodenitis among children. The research was carried out on the basis of Gubakha and Tchusovoi — industrial towns located in Perm Krai. The object of the research is children (655) aged 7-14 with chronic gastroduodenitis. The research determines that areas with industrial pollution (heavy metals, aromatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols) create adverse tendencies for the development of gastroduodenrtic pathology among children, increasing the incidence by additional 18 percent per year. Contaminated environment in the area affects children by increasing the level of Chrome+6, Manganese, Lead, Nickel by 1.4-7.1 times; aromatic and oxygen-containing hydrocarbons, aliphatic alcohols — by 1.5-3.8 times as compared to children living in areas with satisfactory sanitary and hygienic conditions. Higher environment contamination leads to patogenetic abnormalities among children with chronic gastroduodenitis living in areas with industrial chemical pollution. It results in damaging homeostasis — antioxidant and immune — systems leading to the development of related syndromes — inflammatory, toxic, and hepatobiliary — followed by morpho-functional changes in gastroduodenal zones.Целью настоящего исследования являлась гигиеническая оценка воздействия техногенных химических факторов на течение хронического гастродуоденита у детей. Исследования выполнены на примере промышленно развитых городов Пермского края г. Губаха, Чусовой. Объектом исследования являлись дети (655 человек) 7-14 лет с хроническим гастродуоденитом. Установлено, что на территориях техногенного загрязнения среды обитания тяжелыми металлами, ароматическими углеводородами, алифатическими спиртами создаются прогностически неблагоприятные тенденции роста гастродуоденальной патологии у детей, характеризующиеся дополнительными случаями заболеваний на уровне 18% в год. В изученных условиях контаминация биосред у детей характеризуется повышенным уровнем содержания хрома+6, марганца, свинца, никеля в 1,4-7,1-раза, ароматических и кислородсодержащих углеводородов, алифатических спиртов — в 1,5-3,8 раза относительно показателей у детей в условиях удовлетворительной санитарно-гигиенической ситуации. В основе патогенетических нарушений при хроническом гастродуодените у детей в условиях воздействия техногенных химических факторов, лежит повышенная контаминация биосред. Результатом этого процесса является срыв систем поддержания гомеостаза — антиоксидантной и иммунной, что влечет за собой развитие взаимосвязанных и взаимоотягощающих синдромов — воспалительного, интоксикационного и гепатобилиарного с последующим формированием морфо-функциональных изменений гастродуоденальной зоны

Integrative genetic map of repetitive DNA in the sole Solea senegalensis genome shows a Rex transposon located in a proto-sex chromosome

Repetitive sequences play an essential role in the structural and functional evolution of the genome, particularly in the sexual chromosomes. The Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) is a valuable flatfish in aquaculture albeit few studies have addressed the mapping and characterization of repetitive DNA families. Here we analyzed the Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) and Transposable elements (TEs) content from fifty-seven BAC clones (spanning 7.9 Mb) of this species, located in chromosomes by multiple fluorescence in situ hybridization (m-BAC-FISH) technique. The SSR analysis revealed an average density of 675.1 loci per Mb and a high abundance (59.69%) of dinucleotide coverage was observed, being 'AC' the most abundant. An SSR-FISH analysis using eleven probes was also carried out and seven of the 11 probes yielded positive signals. 'AC' probes were present as large clusters in almost all chromosomes, supporting the bioinformatic analysis. Regarding TEs, DNA transposons (Class II) were the most abundant. In Class I, LINE elements were the most abundant and the hAT family was the most represented in Class II. Rex/Babar subfamily, observed in two BAC clones mapping to chromosome pair 1, showed the longest match. This chromosome pair has been recently reported as a putative sexual proto-chromosome in this species, highlighting the possible role of the Rex element in the evolution of this chromosome. In the Rex1 phylogenetic tree, the Senegalese sole Rex1 retrotransposon could be associated with one of the four major ancient lineages in fish genomes, in which it is included O. latipes

Biofeedback for training balance and mobility tasks in older populations: a systematic review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Context</p> <p>An effective application of biofeedback for interventions in older adults with balance and mobility disorders may be compromised due to co-morbidity.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>To evaluate the feasibility and the effectiveness of biofeedback-based training of balance and/or mobility in older adults.</p> <p>Data Sources</p> <p>PubMed (1950-2009), EMBASE (1988-2009), Web of Science (1945-2009), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (1960-2009), CINAHL (1982-2009) and PsycINFO (1840-2009). The search strategy was composed of terms referring to biofeedback, balance or mobility, and older adults. Additional studies were identified by scanning reference lists.</p> <p>Study Selection</p> <p>For evaluating effectiveness, 2 reviewers independently screened papers and included controlled studies in older adults (i.e. mean age equal to or greater than 60 years) if they applied biofeedback during repeated practice sessions, and if they used at least one objective outcome measure of a balance or mobility task.</p> <p>Data Extraction</p> <p>Rating of study quality, with use of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database rating scale (PEDro scale), was performed independently by the 2 reviewers. Indications for (non)effectiveness were identified if 2 or more similar studies reported a (non)significant effect for the same type of outcome. Effect sizes were calculated.</p> <p>Results and Conclusions</p> <p>Although most available studies did not systematically evaluate feasibility aspects, reports of high participation rates, low drop-out rates, absence of adverse events and positive training experiences suggest that biofeedback methods can be applied in older adults. Effectiveness was evaluated based on 21 studies, mostly of moderate quality. An indication for effectiveness of visual feedback-based training of balance in (frail) older adults was identified for postural sway, weight-shifting and reaction time in standing, and for the Berg Balance Scale. Indications for added effectiveness of applying biofeedback during training of balance, gait, or sit-to-stand transfers in older patients post-stroke were identified for training-specific aspects. The same applies for auditory feedback-based training of gait in older patients with lower-limb surgery.</p> <p>Implications</p> <p>Further appropriate studies are needed in different populations of older adults to be able to make definitive statements regarding the (long-term) added effectiveness, particularly on measures of functioning.</p

Comparing unilateral and bilateral upper limb training: The ULTRA-stroke program design

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>About 80% of all stroke survivors have an upper limb paresis immediately after stroke, only about a third of whom (30 to 40%) regain some dexterity within six months following conventional treatment programs. Of late, however, two recently developed interventions - constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) and bilateral arm training with rhythmic auditory cueing (BATRAC) - have shown promising results in the treatment of upper limb paresis in chronic stroke patients. The ULTRA-stroke (acronym for Upper Limb TRaining After stroke) program was conceived to assess the effectiveness of these interventions in subacute stroke patients and to examine how the observed changes in sensori-motor functioning relate to changes in stroke recovery mechanisms associated with peripheral stiffness, interlimb interactions, and cortical inter- and intrahemispheric networks. The present paper describes the design of this single-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT), which has recently started and will take several years to complete.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>Sixty patients with a first ever stroke will be recruited. Patients will be stratified in terms of their remaining motor ability at the distal part of the arm (i.e., wrist and finger movements) and randomized over three intervention groups receiving modified CIMT, modified BATRAC, or an equally intensive (i.e., dose-matched) conventional treatment program for 6 weeks. Primary outcome variable is the score on the Action Research Arm test (ARAT), which will be assessed before, directly after, and 6 weeks after the intervention. During those test sessions all patients will also undergo measurements aimed at investigating the associated recovery mechanisms using haptic robots and magneto-encephalography (MEG).</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>ULTRA-stroke is a 3-year translational research program which aims (1) to assess the relative effectiveness of the three interventions, on a group level but also as a function of patient characteristics, and (2) to delineate the functional and neurophysiological changes that are induced by those interventions.</p> <p>The outcome on the ARAT together with information about changes in the associated mechanisms will provide a better understanding of how specific therapies influence neurobiological changes, and which post-stroke conditions lend themselves to specific treatments.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>The ULTRA-stroke program is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NTR, <url>http://www.trialregister.nl</url>, number NTR1665).</p

Long-term outcomes of combined coronary bypass surgery and carotid endarterectomy in patients with type 2 diabetes

At present, there are no studies on the analysis of the incidence of complications in patients with concomitant lesions of the coronary and internal carotid arteries (ICA) after combined operation of carotid endarterectomy (CE) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) against the background of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is no doubt that this condition can be a predictor of cardiovascular and wound complications during in-hospital and long-term postoperative periods.Aim. To study in-hospital and long-term outcomes of combined CABG+CE in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Material and methods. This multicenter retrospective study for the period from January 2015 to December 2019 included 653 patients with concomitant atherosclerotic lesions of ICA and coronary arteries, who underwent combined CE+CABG. Depending on presence of type 2 diabetes, 2 groups were formed: group 1 (n=183) — patients with type 2 diabetes; group 2 (n=471) — patients without type 2 diabetes. The duration of postoperative follow-up was 37,8±14,9 months.Results. During hospitalization, significant differences in the incidence of death (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =1,0%; p=0,97), myocardial infarction (MI) (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,76), bleeding events (group 1 =1,1%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,76) were not detected. However, stroke (group 1 =3,8%; group 2 =0,4%; p=0,0008), sternal wound infection and mediastinitis (group 1 =3,3%; group 2 =0,2%; p=0,0006) were significantly more often developed in patients with type 2 diabetes.In the long-term follow-up period, death (group 1 =6,6%; group 2 =1,1%; p&lt;0,0001), MI (group 1 =4,9%; group 2 =0,8%; p=0,0008), stroke (group 1 =7,7%; group 2 =1,5%; p&lt;0,0001), ICA restenosis (group 1 =8,8%; group 2 =1,6%; p&lt;0,0001), repeated emergency myocardial revascularization (group 1 =7,2%; group 2 =1,5%; p=0,0002), repeated emergency cerebral revascularization (group 1 =8,8%; group 2 =1,6%; p&lt;0,0001) were significantly more often recorded in patients with type 2 diabetes.Kaplan-Meier curve analysis and its comparison using the log rank test revealed that the death, MI, and stroke were also significantly more often observed in patients with type 2 diabetes (p=0,0007, p=0,003, p&lt;0,0001, respectively).Conclusion. Patients with type 2 diabetes who are referred for combined CE+CABG are at an increased risk of stroke, sternal wound infection and mediastinitis in the in-hospital postoperative period, as well as all adverse cardiovascular events in the long-term follow-up period