Por la salud mental

En Colombia se han realizado el Estudio de Salud Mental y Consumo de Sustancias psicoactivas, de 1993 (2) y el Estudio de 1997 (1), que suministran información epidemiológica sobre las enfermedades mentales. Los resultados no son comparables debido a que se utilizaron escalas de medición y clasificación de enfermedades diferentes. En el estudio realizado en 1993 se pueden resaltar los siguientes hallazgos (1): La morbilidad sentida fue de 7.9%. La utilización de los servicios de salud mental aumenta con la edad, en especial en el grupo de 50 a 60 años, con un 6.8% de asistencia.  Al disminuir la estabilidad económica y el estrato social aumenta la percepción de la angustia.  La prevalencia de depresión clínica fue de 25.1% y de ansiedad 9.6% siendo mayor en mujeres que en hombres. • La población entre 12-24 años es la que presenta mayor intento de suicidio, con una prevalencia total de 4.5%

Qualités psychométriques du Consumer satisfaction questionnaire (CSQ-8) et du Helping alliance questionnaire (HAQ) [Psychometric properties of the Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) and the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ)].

BACKGROUND: This study was based on data from a quality of care assessment survey conducted in 2011 in outpatient polyclinics of the Vaud Canton in Switzerland, comprising questionnaires completed by 568 children over the age often and 672 parents of children of all ages. The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric qualities of the eight-item French versions for children of the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (HAQ) and the Consumer Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8) to allow formal validation and clinical application of these tools in the context of French-speaking child psychiatry. METHODOLOGY: Responses from children over the age often to the HAQ and CSQ-8 questionnaires were submitted to confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) for ordinal data to verify their good fit with the original long versions. Construct validity (correspondence between scores on the scales and other external criteria considered to evaluate similar concepts) of the child questionnaires was tested by Spearman's correlation with the parents' responses and their feeling of being reassured or in agreement with respect to the first visit, and with the perception of the help provided by individual and family interviews. RESULTS: CFA showed an acceptable fit with the one-dimensional model of the original scales, both for the HAQ and the CSQ-8. Significant positive correlations of the scales with the parents' responses and with other convergent external criteria confirmed the good construct validity. CONCLUSIONS: These psychometric analyses provide a basis for the validation and clinical application of the abridged French versions of the HAQ and CSQ-8 in quality of care assessment in child psychiatry

Modern pollen-vegetation relationships along a steep temperature gradient in the Tropical Andes of Ecuador

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Cambridge University Press via the DOI in this record.The characterization of modern pollen rain assemblages along environmental gradients is an essential prerequisite for reliable interpretations of fossil pollen records. In this study, we identify pollen-vegetation relationships using modern pollen rain assemblages in moss polsters (n = 13) and lake sediment surface samples (n = 11) along a steep temperature gradient of 7°C (3100–4200 m above sea level) on the western Andean Cordillera, Ecuador. The pollen rain is correlated to vascular plant abundance data recorded in vegetation relevées (n = 13). Results show that pollen spectra from both moss polsters and sediment surface samples reflect changes in species composition along the temperature gradient, despite overrepresentation of upper montane forest taxa in the latter. Estimated pollen transport distance for a lake (Laguna Llaviucu) situated in a steep upper montane forest valley is 1–2 km, while a lake (Laguna Pallcacocha) in the páramo captures pollen input from a distance of up to 10–40 km. Weinmannia spp., Podocarpus spp., and Hedyosmum sp. are indicators of local upper montane forest vegetation, while Phlegmariurus spp. and Plantago spp. are indicators for local páramo vegetation.Earth and Life Science council (ALW) of the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Researc

Collaborations chercheurs-praticiens pour soutenir la transformation pédagogique de l'enseignement supérieur : à quelles conditions ?

L’institutionnalisation de la pédagogie de l’enseignement supérieur ravive d’anciens débats sur le rôle et de la place des sciences de l’éducation et de la formation dans le champ des pratiques sociales. En s’appuyant sur l’expérience d’un projet « Nouveaux Cursus à l'Université », cet atelier vise à repérer les conditions d’une collaboration optimale entre chercheurs et praticiens. Il s’adresse, dans la limite des places disponibles (20 max.), à toutes les personnes qui sont impliquées, ou qui le souhaiteraient, dans des projets de transformation pédagogique de l’enseignement supérieur. Les pistes co-construites seront partagées avec l’ensemble des participants qui pourront les mettre en œuvre dans leur contexte professionnel

Investigation of Solar Energy: The Case Study in Malaysia, Indonesia, Colombia and Nigeria

In the present scenario of world (a growing world population & developing countries), the increasing consumption of electricity controls the progress of different forms of energy (renewable or nonrenewable energy) use around the world. Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources, and accounted for 81 % of total energy demand in 2017. However, there are some disadvantages associated with their use such as environmental pollution, emissions of greenhouse gasses, and they are depleting at a faster rate. Therefore, researchers have to work hard in order to find an alternative (such as solar energy) way for fossil fuel to generate energy. A large number of investigations on the solar energy have been carried out by many researchers in order to improve the living conditions, to help reduce air pollution and to go green. The purpose of work is to explore the current status, challenges, recent efforts and future prospects of solar energy in different countries including Malaysia, Indonesia (Asia region), Nigeria (Africa region) and Colombia (South America)

Quantifying resilience of socio-ecological systems through dynamic Bayesian networks

This is the final version. Available on open access from Frontiers Media via the DOI in this recordQuantifying resilience of socio-ecological systems (SES) can be invaluable to delineate management strategies of natural resources and aid the resolution of socio-environmental conflicts. However, resilience is difficult to quantify and the factors contributing to it are often unknown. We provide a theoretical and conceptual framework to quantify resilience in a long-term context. Our approach uses elements from interdisciplinarity and network perspectives to establish links and causalities between social and ecological variables and resilience attributes. The evaluation and modeling of SES structure and function are established from the analysis of dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN). DBN models allow quantifying resilience through probabilities and offer a platform of interdisciplinary dialogue and an adaptive framework to address questions on ecosystem monitoring and management. The proposed DBN is tested in Monquentiva, a SES located in the high Andes of Colombia. We determined historical socio-ecological resilience from paleoecological evidence (palynological diversity, forest cover, fires, and precipitation) and social-economic factors (governance, social organization, and connectivity) between 1920 and 2019. We find that transformation processes in Monquentiva are mainly related to social change (e.g., social organization) and increased ecological diversity that in turn have fostered SES resilience between 1980 and 2019. The ability to predict the SES response over time and under cumulative, non-linear interactions across a complex ecosystem highlights the utility of DBNs for decision support and environmental management. We conclude with a series of management and policy-relevant applications of the DBN approach for SES resilience assessment.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC

Millennial-scale vegetation changes in the tropical Andes using ecological grouping and ordination methods

We compare eight pollen records reflecting climatic and environmental change from northern and southern sites in the tropical Andes. Our analysis focuses on the last 30ĝ€ 000 years, with particular emphasis on the Pleistocene to Holocene transition. We explore ecological grouping and downcore ordination results as two approaches for extracting environmental variability from pollen records. We also use the records of aquatic and shoreline vegetation as markers for lake level fluctuations and moisture availability. Our analysis focuses on the signature of millennial-scale climate variability in the tropical Andes, in particular Heinrich stadials (HS) and Greenland interstadials (GI). The pollen records show an overall warming trend during the Pleistocene-Holocene transition, but the onset of post-glacial warming differs in timing among records. We identify rapid responses of the tropical vegetation to millennial-scale climate variability. The signatures of HS and the Younger Dryas are generally recorded as downslope upper forest line (UFL) migrations in our transect, and are likely linked to air temperature cooling. The GI1 signal is overall comparable between northern and southern records and indicates upslope UFL migrations and warming in the tropical Andes. Our marker for lake level changes indicated a north-To-south difference that could be related to moisture availability. The air temperature signature recorded by the Andean vegetation was consistent with millennial-scale cryosphere and sea surface temperature changes but suggests a potential difference between the magnitude of temperature change in the ocean and the atmosphere. We also show that arboreal pollen percentage (AP %) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) scores are two complementary approaches to extract environmental variability from pollen records

Mangrove diversity loss under sea-level rise triggered by bio-morphodynamic feedbacks and anthropogenic pressures

This is the final version. Available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.The data that support the findings of this study are openly available at the following URL/DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749866. Data will be available from 01 January 2021.Mangrove forests are valuable ecosystems, but their extent and diversity are increasingly threatened by sea-level rise and anthropogenic pressures. Here we develop a bio-morphodynamic model that captures the interaction between multiple mangrove species and hydro-sedimentary processes across a dynamic coastal profile. Numerical experiments are conducted to elucidate the response of mangrove assemblages under a range of sea-level rise and sediment supply conditions, both in the absence and presence of anthropogenic barriers impeding inland migration. We find that mangrove coverage can increase despite sea-level rise if sediment supply is sufficient and landward accommodation space is available. Tidal barriers are mainly detrimental to mangrove coverage and result in species loss. Importantly, we show that bio-morphodynamic feedbacks can cause spatio-temporal variations in sediment delivery across the forest, leading to upper-forest sediment starvation and reduced deposition despite extended inundation. As such, bio-morphodynamic feedbacks can decouple accretion rates from inundation time, altering mangrove habitat conditions and causing mangrove diversity loss even when total forest coverage remains constant or is increasing. A further examination of bio-morphodynamic feedback strength reveals that vegetation-induced flow resistance linked to mangrove root density is a major factor steering the inundation-accretion decoupling and as such species distribution. Our findings have important implications for ecosystem vulnerability assessments, which should account for the interactions between bio-morphodynamics and mangrove diversity when evaluating the impacts of sea-level rise on species assemblages.Natural Environment Research Council (NERC