El sacerdote, un orfebre mundano

It is a reflection on the common priesthood on the faithful and the ministerial priesthood, intimately linked. Now the priest of the Old Testament (hiereis) had the essential function of keeping the people aware of his priestly character and thus glorify God with their whole existence. As Christ makes all things new, even more, he is the new act of God, the ultimate goal of the priestly ministry, like the one priesthood of Christ, is to “make the world becomes part of the body of Christ, so that God may be all in all “(J. Ratzinger) in anoter words, to make the world the temple and the offering to God. The profession of the priest is human and divine at once. Is called to render the existence of the Creator put the stamp in every gesture of love, which binds every moment heaven and earth, the earth and heaven.Es una reflexión sobre el sacerdocio común de los fieles y sobre el sacerdocio ministerial, íntimamente unidos. Ya el sacerdote del Antiguo Testamento (hiereis) tenía la función esencial de mantener al pueblo consciente de su carácter sacerdotal y así glorificar a Dios con toda su existencia. Como Cristo lo hace todo nuevo, más aún, él es el nuevo obrar de Dios, el fin último del ministerio sacerdotal, a semejanza del único sacerdocio de Cristo, consiste en “hacer que el mundo entero entre a formar parte del cuerpo de Cristo, a fin de que Dios lo sea todo en todos” (J. Ratzinger) hasta hacer del mundo el templo y la oblación para Dios. La profesión del sacerdotees humana y divina a la vez. Está llamado a ofrecer la existencia al Creador poniendo en cada gesto el sello del amor, que une en cada instante el cielo con la tierra, la tierra con el cielo

Effect of an intervention based on child-care centers to reduce risk behaviors for obesity in preschool children

AbstractBackgroundPreschool age is a critical stage for health promotion and prevention of obesity, which is an emerging public health problem in children. The aim of this study was to design and evaluate the effect of a multifaceted intervention based on child-care centers to reduce risk behaviors for obesity among preschool children.MethodsA 12-month cluster-randomized community trial was conducted in 16 Mexican Institute of Social Security child-care centers in Mexico City. Children between 2 and 4 years of age enrolled in the selected child-care centers participated in the study. Intervention comprised 12 weekly curriculum sessions for the children, and six family workshops. Changes in children’s dietary and physical activity, food availability at home, and maternal feeding styles were determined after 6 and 12 months. Changes within groups among stages, and between groups by stage were analyzed through X2 test.ResultsThe intervention showed a decrease of home availability for some non-recommended foods and an increase in physical activity in the intervention group compared to the control group.ConclusionsImprovement in physical activity can be effective in the long term; innovative strategies aimed to modify family dietary risk behaviors are required

La educación somática : un medio para desarrollar el potencial humano

RESUMEN: Se presenta el enfoque teórico y práctico de un movimiento educativo interesado en desarrollar el potencial humano a partir del aprendizaje consciente de sí mismo, y de importancia no sólo para los educadores físicos: la educación somátic

Mariposas asociadas a bosques en Solano, Caquetá, Amazonia Colombiana (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea)

We sampled the butterfly community in the municipality of Solano, department of Caquetá, in Colombian Amazonia. The collection of butterflies was carried out during four consecutive days at four study locations, using bait traps and active search nets. Each location had 12 sampling points, with a distance of 250 m between points, for a total sampling length of three kilometers. We collected 487 individuals belonging to 110 species, 80 genera, 28 tribes, 17 subfamilies and six families. The families with the highest abundance and number of species were Nymphalidae, with 68.2 % (75 spp.), Riodinidae 11.8 % (13 spp.) and Pieridae 10 % (11 spp.). The best represented subfamily was Satyrinae (N=228), particularly the tribe Morphini (N=65). Remarkable findings include six species of Marpesia, one third of the species described for the genus, and Gunayan rubricollis, a rare species in Colombia. The present research confirms the diversity of butterflies in Amazon forests, where more than 40 % of the species are indicators of the forest's good state of conservation.Hicimos un muestreo de las mariposas de algunos bosques del municipio de Solano, departamento de Caquetá, en la Amazonia colombiana. La recolección de mariposas se llevó a cabo durante cuatro días consecutivos en cuatro localidades de estudio, utilizando trampas con atrayentes y redes de búsqueda activa. Cada localidad contó con 12 puntos de muestreo con distancia de 250 m entre puntos, para un recorrido total de tres kilómetros. Se recolectaron 487 individuos, pertenecientes a 110 especies, 80 géneros, 28 tribus, 17 subfamilias y seis familias. Las familias con mayores abundancias y número de especies fueron Nymphalidae, con 68.2 % (75 spp.), Riodinidae 11.8 % (13 spp.) y Pieridae 10 % (11 spp.). La subfamilia mejor representada fue Satyrinae (N=228), destacando la tribu Morphini (N=65). Se destacan el hallazgo de seis especies de Marpesia, la tercera parte de las especies descritas para el género, y el de Gunayan rubricollis, una especie rara en Colombia. La presente investigación confirma la diversidad de mariposas en bosques amazónicos, donde más del 40 % de las especies son indicadoras de buen estado de conservación de los bosques

Introducción al derecho: Notas de clase. Segunda parte

Contiene los capítulos V: Derecho público y derecho privado, VI: Estructura lógica de la norma jurídica y VII: Fuentes formales del orden jurídico

SESAR Joint Undertaking report 2010

Abstract Salmonellosis is a gastrointestinal disease caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars such as Salmonella Typhimurium. This pathology is a zoonosis, and food animals with subclinical infection constitute a vast reservoir for disease. After intestinal colonization, Salmonella Typhimurium reaches mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), where infection is controlled avoiding systemic spread. Although the molecular basis of this infection has been extensively studied, little is known about how microRNA (miRNA) regulate the expression of proteins involved in the Salmonella-host interaction. Using small RNA-seq, we examined expression profiles of MLN 2 days after infection with Salmonella Typhimurium, and we found 110 dysregulated miRNA. Among them, we found upregulated miR-21, miR-155, miR-150, and miR-221, as well as downregulated miR-143 and miR-125, all of them previously linked to other bacterial infections. Integration with proteomic data revealed 30 miRNA potentially regulating the expression of 15 proteins involved in biological functions such as cell death and survival, inflammatory response and antigenic presentation. The inflammatory response was found increased via upregulation of miRNA such as miR-21 and miR-155. Downregulation of miR-125a/b, miR-148 and miR-1 were identified as potential regulators of MHC-class I components PSMB8, HSP90B1 and PDIA3, respectively. Furthermore, we confirmed that miR-125a is a direct target of immunoproteasome component PSMB8. Since we also found miR-130 downregulation, which is associated with upregulation of HSPA8, we suggest induction of both MHC-I and MHC-II antigen presentation pathways. In conclusion, our study identifies miRNA that could regulate critical networks for antigenic presentation, inflammatory response and cytoskeletal rearrangements

El ocio como herramienta que fortalece la estructura y los procesos grupales y comunitarios de los habitantes del Barrio Valparaíso de la ciudad de Popayán.

.Anexo A. Modelo fichas de caracterización básica familiar. Anexo B. Modelo de encuesta sobre conocimiento del ocio. Anexo C. Modelo encuesta sobre conocimientos Junta Acción Comunal.Anexo D. Formato listado de asistencia a actividades. Anexo E. Registro fotográfico de las actividades realizadas.Tabla 1. Actividades y logros alcanzados.Tabla 2. Cronograma de actividades.Tabla 3. Cronograma de actividades desde la metodología IRAPropuesta social aplicada, desarrollada al sur de la ciudad de Popayán en la comuna seis, con familias de estratos 1, 2 y 3. Entre las problemáticas sentidas en la comunidad, se identifica la falta de participación comunitaria, flagelo bastante complejo, pues repercute negativamente en la toma de decisiones comunitarias, que redundan en la mala o poca comunicación en la comunidad. Desde la experiencia se comprende que este flagelo no puede abordarse sin antes lograr la motivación y articulación de los habitantes, que permita un proceso de cambio en el fortalecimiento de los hábitos del buen vivir y el pensamiento colectivo. Esta intervención se desarrolló en el marco de la metodología IRA (Investigación Acción Reflexión), que consistente en investigar para ayudar a transformar la realidad desde la conciencia colectiva. A través de actividades de ocio se habilitaron espacios de interacción, reflexión y comunicación, que garantizaron el desarrollo de trabajo en equipo de forma planificada. Esta iniciativa, busco orientar a la comunidad en el manejo de dinámica grupal, permitiéndoles reconocerse a sí mismos como personas generadoras de desarrollo social participativo, en pro del fomento de la integración y el aumento de la capacidad de gestión para impulsar un proceso de cambio.Applied social proposal, developed in the south of the city of Popayán in the commune 6, with families of strata 1, 2 and 3. Among the problems felt in the community, identifies the lack of community participation, scourge quite complex, because it adversely affects the Community decisión making, which lead to poor or little communication in the community. From the experience it is understood that this scourge cannot be addressed before achieving the motivation and articulation of the inhabitants, which allows for a process of change in the strengthening of the habits of good living and the collective thinking. This intervention was developed with in the framework of the Action Research Methodology IRA (Research-Reflection-Action), consisting of research to help transform the reality from the collective consciousness.Through leisure activities enabled spaces for interaction, reflection and communication, which ensured the development of teamwork in a planned way. This initiative, sought to guide the community in the management of group dynamics, allowing them to be recognized themselves as generators of participatory social development, for the promotion of integration and increased management capacity to promote a process of change

What can modern bacteria and endosymbionts teach us about eukaryote mitochondria? O que as bactérias modernas e os endosimbiontes podem nos ensinar sobre as mitocôndrias em eucariontes?

In animals, plants and unicellular eukaryotes, mitochondria perform many tasks such as the Krebs cycle, β-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. The “endosymbiotic hypothesis” proposed by Lynn Margulis suggests that this organelle originated from the relationship of an endosymbiotic bacterium and a host-cell. As their relationship evolved, these organisms faced adverse environmental conditions together, each profiting from the other. During coevolution, the endosymbiont transferred genes to the host thus progressing to obligate intracellular and eventually lost all independence, to become a mitochondrion. This organelle shares diverse traits with modern bacteria proving its origin. In addition, modern endosymbiotic bacteria such as Wolbachia sp. and their hosts are coevolving, becoming more interdependent and expressing different metabolic routes in a process that illustrates the pathway that ancient mitochondrial ancestors may have followed

Oxygen: From Toxic Waste to Optimal (Toxic) Fuel of Life

Some 2.5 billion years ago, the great oxygenation event (GOE) led to a 105‐fold rise in atmospheric oxygen [O2], killing most species on Earth. In spite of the tendency to produce toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), the highly exergonic reduction of O2 made it the ideal biological electron acceptor. During aerobic metabolism, O2 is reduced to water liberating energy, which is coupled to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. Today, all organisms either aerobic or not need to deal with O2 toxicity. O2‐permeant organisms need to seek adequate [O2], for example, aquatic crustaceans bury themselves in the sea bottom where O2 is scarce. Also, the intestinal lumen and cytoplasm of eukaryotes is a microaerobic environment where many facultative bacteria or intracellular symbionts hide from oxygen. Organisms such as plants, fish, reptiles and mammals developed O2‐impermeable epithelia, plus specialized external respiratory systems in combination with O2‐binding proteins such as hemoglobin or leg‐hemoglobin control [O2] in tissues. Inside the cell, ROS production is prevented by rapid O2 consumption during the oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) of ATP. When ATP is in excess, OxPhos becomes uncoupled in an effort to continue eliminating O2. Branched respiratory chains, unspecific pores and uncoupling proteins (UCPs) uncouple OxPhos. One last line of resistance against ROS is deactivation by enzymes such as super oxide dismutase and catalase. Aerobic organisms profit from the high energy released by the reduction of O2, while at the same time they need to avoid the toxicity of ROS