La hibridación entre el género policiaco y la comedia en la ficción televisiva norteamericana. Estudio de caso de ‘Castle’

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo aproximarse a las actuales fórmulas de hibridación de géneros como premisa básica para la innovación en la ficción norteamericana televisiva. En particular, se centra en el reciente y exitoso experimento, que comenzó hace algo más de una década, de hibridar drama policiaco con comedia y humor. Además, se pretende mostrar cómo gracias a la creación de un nuevo personaje principal dotado de un trasfondo personal y multidimensional se abandonan la seriedad y rigidez características del género dando paso a la diversión y el entretenimiento, más propios de las comedias de situación que del género policiaco. Con esta finalidad, se va a analizar en profundidad, como estudio de caso, la figura del protagonista de una serie de la cadena ABC —concretamente a Richard Castle— así como su modo de actuar, pensar y hablar, con el objetivo de observar su naturaleza cómica en un contexto totalmente dramático caracterizado por la muerte y el crimen. This article aims to approach current ways for genre hybridization as basic premise for innovation in American TV series. Especially, it focuses on the recent successful experiment, which began just over a decade, consisting in hybridizing police drama with comedy and humor. Also, it aims to show how, through the creation of a new main character with a personal and multidimensional background, the seriousness and stiffness characteristics of the genre are abandoned, giving way to fun and entertainment, more typical of sitcoms than the detective genre. So, the main character - specifically Richard Castle, from ABC series-is going to be analyzed in depth as well as his way of acting, thinking and speaking with the aim of exposing his comic nature in a totally dramatic context such as death and crime

Exploring host genetic polymorphisms involved in SARS-CoV infection autcomes: implications for personalized medicine in COVID-19

Objective. To systematically explore genetic polymorphisms associated with the clinical outcomes in SARS-CoV infection in humans. Methods. This comprehensive literature search comprised available English papers published in PubMed/Medline and SCOPUS databases following the PRISMA-P guidelines and PICO/AXIS criteria. Results. Twenty-nine polymorphisms located in 21 genes were identified as associated with SARS-CoV susceptibility/resistance, disease severity, and clinical outcomes predominantly in Asian populations. Thus, genes implicated in key pathophysiological processes such as the mechanisms related to the entry of the virus into the cell and the antiviral immune/inflammatory responses were identified. Conclusions. Although caution must be taken, the results of this systematic review suggest that multiple genetic polymorphisms are associated with SARS-CoV infection features by affecting virus pathogenesis and host immune response, which could have important applications for the study and understanding of genetics in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and for personalized translational clinical practice depending on the population studied and associated environments

La colección ictiológica de la campaña Guinea 90

En este informe se presentan los datos referentes a los peces recogidos durante la campaña "GUINEA 90", con el objetivo de dar a conocer a los ictiólogos la existencia de esta colección que se conserva actualmente en el Centro Oceanográfico de Fuengirola. Las 200 especies, pertenecientes a 101 familias, se incluyen en las comunidades demersales del Atlántico Tropical Oriental (FAGER and LONGHURST, 1968; LONGHURST, 1969) y se capturaron entre 20 y 700 m de profundidad en la plataforma y talud continental de Sierra Leona, Liberia, Cote d'lvoire y Ghana, con artes de arrastre de fondo provistos de una luz de malla en el copo de 45 mm (RAMOS et al., 1990; FAO, 1992). Los especímenes fueron fotografiados en fresco, determinados y congelados en abril de 1990, a bordo del B/C "Lagoapesca", arrastrero español a bordo del cúal se llevó a cabo la campaña. Con posterioridad se trasvasaron a frascos de vidrio con una disolución de alcohol etílico (70%) o formaldehído (10%). El archivo de datos de las 308 ejemplares de que consta la colección, está confeccionado en DBASE III PLUS y contiene para cada una de ellos la siguiente información: código, familia, género, especie, autor, año, talla, número de la fotografía, nombre vulgar, zona, latitud geográfica, longitud geográfica, profundidad, nombre de la campaña, arte, número de la estación, método de conservación y observaciones.This report presents data on fishes collected in the "GUINEA 90" Survey with the objective of informing ichthyologists about the existence of this collection which is at the moment stored up in Oceanographic Center of Fuengirola (Málaga). The 200 species and 101 families belong to demersal communities of the Eastern Tropical Atlantic (FAGER and LONGHURST, 1968; LONGHURST, 1969) and were caught from 20 to 700 m depth in continental shelf and slope of Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d'lvoire and Ghana, using bottom trawl gear with 45 mm mesh size in the cod-end (RAMOS et al., 1990; FAO, 1992). Specimens were photographeds in fresh, classified and frozen on April 1 990, on board of "Lagoapesca", a Spanish trawler in which the survey was carried out. These were afterwards decanted to glass jars in an alcohol (70%) or formaldehyde (10%) solution. Data file of 308 exemplaires which compose the collection, is in a DBASE III PLUS file and has information on cede, family, genus, species, author, year, size/s, common name, preservation, photographie number/s, zone, geographical latitude, geographical longitude, depth (in meters), Survey name, gear, number station and observations.Versión del editor0,000

Real-World Multicenter Experience of Immunosuppression Minimization Among 661 Liver Transplant Recipients.

BACKGROUND Long-term morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients is frequently secondary to immunosuppression toxicity. However, data are scarce regarding immunosuppression minimization in clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this cross-sectional, multicenter study, we reviewed the indications of immunosuppression minimization (defined as tacrolimus levels below 5 ng/mL or cyclosporine levels below 50 ng/mL) among 661 liver transplant recipients, as well as associated factors and the effect on renal function. RESULTS Fifty-three percent of the patients received minimized immunosuppression. The median time from transplantation to minimization was 32 months. The most frequent indications were renal insufficiency (49%), cardiovascular risk (19%), de novo malignancy (8%), and cardiovascular disease (7%). The factors associated with minimization were older age at transplantation, longer post-transplant follow-up, pre-transplant diabetes mellitus and renal dysfunction, and the hospital where the patients were being followed. The patients who were minimized because of renal insufficiency had a significant improvement in renal function (decrease of the median serum creatinine level, from 1.50 to 1.34 mg/dL; P=0.004). Renal function significantly improved in patients minimized for other indications, too. In the long term, glomerular filtration rate significantly decreased in non-minimized patients and remained stable in minimized patients. CONCLUSIONS Immunosuppression minimization is frequently undertaken in long-term liver transplant recipients, mainly for renal insufficiency. Substantial variability exists regarding the use of IS minimization among centers

Influencia de la obesidad y la ganancia de peso sobre la calidad de vida según el SF-36 en individuos de la cohorte dinámica Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra

Antecedentes La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud es un elemento importante en la valoración integral del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Objetivo Evaluar el impacto de la obesidad y la ganancia de peso sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en la cohorte dinámica Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra. Materiales y métodos Los análisis incluyeron a 10.033 participantes de la cohorte dinámica prospectiva del Proyecto Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra, con una tasa de respuesta de aproximadamente el 90%. La calidad de vida fue medida con la versión abreviada de la Encuesta de Salud (SF-36) (0: peor calidad de vida, 100: mejor calidad de vida). El análisis estadístico se realizó con modelos lineales generalizados (media de cada dominio del SF-36 e IC al 95%). Una diferencia de 3 puntos fue considerada como clínicamente relevante. Resultados El análisis del SF-36 mostró que la función física, la salud general y la variable física sumario fueron inferiores en las personas con sobrepeso y obesidad al inicio del estudio que en los individuos con normopeso. La población a estudio con sobrepeso u obesidad sin cambios tras 2 años de seguimiento presentó peores puntuaciones en los dominios del SF-36 correspondientes a la función física, dolor corporal, variable física sumario y salud general que los individuos que mantuvieron la categoría del normopeso según el IMC (kg/m2). Conclusiones La obesidad parece asociarse a un impacto negativo sobre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, que afecta más significativamente al área física que a la psicosocial. Background: The health-related quality of life is an important element for the comprehensive assessment of overweight and obesity. Objective: To assess the impact of obesity and weight gain on the health-related quality of life of the dynamic cohort of the Follow-up Program of the University of Navarra. Material and methods: The analysis included 10, 033 participants of the prospective dynamic cohort of the Follow-up Project of the University of Navarra, with a response rate of approximately 90%. The quality of life was measured with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) (0, worst quality of life; 100, best quality of life). The statistical analysis was performed with generalized lineal models (mean of each SF-36 domain and 95% CI). A difference of 3 points was considered clinically relevant. Results: The SF-36 analysis showed that physical function, general health and the physical component summary were inferior in individuals with excess weight and obesity at the start of the study, compared with individuals with normal weight. The study population with unchanged excess weight or obesity after 2 years of follow-up presented lower scores on the SF-36 domains corresponding to physical function, body pain, physical component summary and general health than individuals who maintained the normal weight category according to BMI (kg/m2). Conclusions: Obesity appears to be associated with a negative impact on health-related quality of life, affecting the physical area more significantly than the psychosocial

Performance of SAPS II and SAPS 3 in Intermediate Care

Objective: The efficacy and reliability of prognostic scores has been described extensively for intensive care, but their role for predicting mortality in intermediate care patients is uncertain. To provide more information in this field, we have analyzed the performance of the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II and SAPS 3 in a single center intermediate care unit (ImCU). Materials and Methods: Cohort study with prospectively collected data from all patients admitted to a single center ImCU in Pamplona, Spain, from April 2006 to April 2012. The SAPS II and SAPS 3 scores with respective predicted mortality rates were calculated according to standard coefficients. Discrimination was evaluated by calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and calibration with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated for each model. Results: The study included 607 patients. The observed in-hospital mortality was 20.1% resulting in a SMR of 0.87 (95% CI 0.73-1.04) for SAPS II and 0.56 (95% CI 0.47-0.67) for SAPS 3. Both scores showed acceptable discrimination, with an AUROC of 0.76 (95% CI 0.71-0.80) for SAPS II and 0.75 (95% CI 0.71- 0.80) for SAPS 3. Calibration curves showed similar performance based on Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit C-test: (X2=12.9, p=0.113) for SAPS II and (X2=4.07, p=0.851) for SAPS 3. Conclusions: Although both scores overpredicted mortality, SAPS II showed better discrimination for patients admitted to ImCU in terms of SMR

The urgent need for integrated science to fight COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

The COVID-19 pandemic has become the leading societal concern. The pandemic has shown that the public health concern is not only a medical problem, but also afects society as a whole; so, it has also become the leading scientifc concern. We discuss in this treatise the importance of bringing the world’s scientists together to fnd efective solu‑ tions for controlling the pandemic. By applying novel research frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration promises to manage the pandemic’s consequences and prevent recurrences of similar pandemics

Morbid liver manifestations are intrinsically bound to metabolic syndrome and nutrient intake based on a machine-learning cluster analysis

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the most important medical problems around the world. Identification of patient ' s singular characteristic could help to reduce the clinical impact and facilitate individualized management. This study aimed to categorize MetS patients using phenotypical and clinical variables habitually collected during health check-ups of individuals considered to have high cardiovascular risk. The selected markers to categorize MetS participants included anthropometric variables as well as clinical data, biochemical parameters and prescribed pharmacological treatment. An exploratory factor analysis was carried out with a subsequent hierarchical cluster analysis using the z-scores from factor analysis. The first step identified three different factors. The first was determined by hypercholesterolemia and associated treatments, the second factor exhibited glycemic disorders and accompanying treatments and the third factor was characterized by hepatic enzymes. Subsequently four clusters of patients were identified, where cluster 1 was characterized by glucose disorders and treatments, cluster 2 presented mild MetS, cluster 3 presented exacerbated levels of hepatic enzymes and cluster 4 highlighted cholesterol and its associated treatments Interestingly, the liver status related cluster was characterized by higher protein consumption and cluster 4 with low polyunsaturated fatty acid intake. This research emphasized the potential clinical relevance of hepatic impairments in addition to MetS traditional characterization for precision and personalized management of MetS patients

Role of NAFLD on the Health Related QoL Response to Lifestyle in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: The PREDIMED Plus Cohort

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) status in the impact of lifestyle over Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). MethodsBaseline and 1 year follow up data from the PREDIMED-plus cohort (men and women, 55-75 years old with overweight/obesity and MetS) were studied. Adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean Diet (er-MeDiet) and Physical Activity (PA) were assessed with a validated screeners. Hepatic steatosis index (HSI) was implemented to evaluate NAFLD while the SF-36 questionnaire provided HRQoL evaluation. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the influence of baseline NAFLD on HRQoL as affected by lifestyle during 1 year of follow up. ResultsData from 5205 patients with mean age of 65 years and a 48% of female participants. Adjusted linear multivariate mixed regression models showed that patients with lower probability of NAFLD (HSI < 36 points) were more responsive to er-MeDiet (beta 0.64 vs beta 0.05 per er-MeDiet adherence point, p< 0.01) and PA (beta 0.05 vs beta 0.01 per MET-h/week, p = 0.001) than those with high probability for NAFLD in terms Physical SF-36 summary in the 1 year follow up. 10 points of er-MeDiet adherence and 50 MET-h/week were thresholds for a beneficial effect of lifestyle on HRQoL physical domain in patients with lower probability of NAFLD. ConclusionThe evaluation of NAFLD by the HSI index in patients with MetS might identify subjects with different prospective sensitivity to lifestyle changes in terms of physical HRQoL (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870)