Stimulating effects of different basal media and cytokinine types on regeneration of endemic and endangered Muscari aucheri

In this study a simple protocol has been developed for the endemic and endangered Muscari aucheri plant. 2-4 bulb scale explants of M. aucheri were cultured in different basal media (Nitsch mineral salts and vitamins, Orchimax Medium mineral salts and vitamins) supplemented with 2 mgL-1 2,4-D, 20 mgL-1 mannitol, 20 mgL-1 sucrose, 0.5 mgL-1 NAA and different concentrations of BAP, KIN, 2iP and TDZ. The medium was solidified with 2 mgL-1 Gelrite. The Orchimax and Nitsch & Nitsch medium promoted shoot and bulblet regeneration. BAP, KIN and 2-iP were suitable for induction of the bulblet for 2-4 bulb scales of Maucheri. The highest number of bulblets per explant for 2 and 4 scales was achieved on the Orchimax medium supplemented with 1 mgL-1 KIN and 2 mgL-1 KIN, respectively. Whereas, the maximum number of bulblets per explant for 4 scales was recorded on the Nitsch medium supplemented with 2 mgL-1 BAP. However, the Nitsch medium containing 10 mgL-1 2-iP gave the best number of bulblets per explant for 2 scales. Bulblets acclimatized very well under greenhouse and garden conditions.

Genome of Wild Olive and the Evolution of Oil Biosynthesis

Here we present the genome sequence and annotation of the wild olive tree (Olea europaea var. sylvestris), called oleaster, which is considered an ancestor of cultivated olive trees. More than 50,000 protein-coding genes were predicted, a majority of which could be anchored to 23 pseudochromosomes obtained through a newly constructed genetic map. The oleaster genome contains signatures of two Oleaceae lineage-specific paleopolyploidy events, dated at similar to 28 and similar to 59 Mya. These events contributed to the expansion and neo-functionalization of genes and gene families that play important roles in oil biosynthesis. The functional divergence of oil biosynthesis pathway genes, such as FAD2, SACPD, EAR, and ACPTE, following duplication, has been responsible for the differential accumulation of oleic and linoleic acids produced in olive compared with sesame, a closely related oil crop. Duplicated oleaster FAD2 genes are regulated by an siRNA derived from a transposable element-rich region, leading to suppressed levels of FAD2 gene expression. Additionally, neofunctionalization of members of the SACPD gene family has led to increased expression of SACPD2,3, 5, and 7, consequently resulting in an increased desaturation of steric acid. Taken together, decreased FAD2 expression and increased SACPD expression likely explain the accumulation of exceptionally high levels of oleic acid in olive. The oleaster genome thus provides important insights into the evolution of oil biosynthesis and will be a valuable resource for oil crop genomics

DOI:10.2298/ABS1003663U STIMULATING EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT BASAL MEDIA AND CYTOKININE TYPES ON REGENERATION OF ENDEMIC AND ENDANGERED MUSCARI AUCHERI

Abstract – In this study a simple protocol has been developed for the endemic and endangered Muscari aucheri plant. 2-4 bulb scale explants of M. aucheri were cultured in different basal media (Nitsch mineral salts and vitamins, Orchimax Medium mineral salts and vitamins) supplemented with 2 mgL-1 2,4-D, 20 mgL-1 mannitol, 20 mgL-1 sucrose, 0.5 mgL-1 NAA and different concentrations of BAP, KIN, 2iP and TDZ. The medium was solidified with 2 mgL-1 Gelrite. The Orchimax and Nitsch & Nitsch medium promoted shoot and bulblet regeneration. BAP, KIN and 2-iP were suitable for induction of the bulblet for 2-4 bulb scales of Maucheri. The highest number of bulblets per explant for 2 and 4 scales was achieved on the Orchimax medium supplemented with 1 mgL-1 KIN and 2 mgL-1 KIN, respectively. Whereas, the maximum number of bulblets per explant for 4 scales was recorded on the Nitsch medium supplemented with 2 mgL-1 BAP. However, the Nitsch medium containing 10 mgL-1 2-iP gave the best number of bulblets per explant for 2 scales. Bulblets acclimatized very well under greenhouse and garden conditions

Mini Tuber Production in Potato Via Aeroponic System

Topraksız tarımda uygulanmaya başlanan en yeni tekniklerden birisi aeroponik üretim sistemidir. Bu sistem, optimumgelişme şartlarının sağlanabilmesi, ekonomik patates üretimini engelleyen toprak kökenli patojenler başta olmak üzerehastalık ve zararlılarla mücadele, uzun bir periyotta üretim yapılabilmesi ve tarımsal girdinin ekonomik kullanılabilmesibakımından alternatif bir tohumluk mini yumru üretim sistemidir. İklim koşullarından bağımsız olan bu sistem, köklerindaha iyi havalanması bakımından hidroponik sisteme göre daha avantajlı olup, patateste vejetatif gelişimi artırdığı, yumruoluşumunu geciktirdiği, vejetatif dönemi uzattığı, bitki başına yumru verimi ve toplam yumru verimini artırdığı, bunakarşılık yumru ağırlığının azaldığı bir üretim sistemidir. Son yıllarda patates tohumluğu üretiminde yaşanan sorunlarnedeniyle ülkemiz için alternatif bir üretim sistemi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.The aeroponic production system is one of the new applications in soilless agriculture. This system is also analternative seed production system for mini-tuber production of potato in terms of providing optimum growth conditions,enabling potato production to be free from diseases and pests and to make economic use of agricultural inputs. This system,which is independent of climatic conditions, has the advantage of improving the vegetative growth, delaying tuberformation, prolonging the vegetative period, increasing the tuber yield per plant and total tuber yield while decreasing thetuber weight. Due to the problems experienced in potato seedling tuber production in recent years, it emerged as analternative production system for our country

CALLUS INDUCTION AND REGENERATION OF ALKANNA ORIENTALIS VAR. ORIENTALIS AND A. SIEHEANA

WOS: 000486533500028Callus induction and proliferation of Alkanna orientalis var. orientalis and Alkanna sieheana containing valuable alkannin/shikonin (A/S) derivates were investigated using leaf base and stem segment explants. Stem segments and cotyledonary leaf base of both species were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP, Kn, NAA, IAA and IBA for callus induction and shoot regeneration. High frequency reproducible, prolific and compact calli formation was obtained from the stem segments of both species in all media tested. The frequency variations of callus induction and shoot regeneration were discussed in terms of different species, plant growth regulators and explant resources. A. orientalis and A. sieheana may be considered to be alternative plants for the A/S production in vitro

In vitro micro-propagation of endangered ornamental plant-Neotchihatchewia isatidea (Boiss.) Rauschert

The ornamental plant, Neotchihatchewia isatidea, is an endangered species of Turkey and threatened by complete extinction in the future. Therefore, in vitro multiplication of this species can be valuable for commercial production and germplasm conservation. Immature embryos of N. isatidea were cultured for initiation on Murashige and Skoog medium ( MS) supplemented with N-6- benzylamino- purine ( BAP) and -naphthaleneacetic acid ( NAA). Shoot primordia were visible within 5 - 6 weeks and the shoot primordia later developed into normal shoots 10 - 12 weeks after the culture initiation on calli developed from immature embryos. Shoot tips were also excised from developed plantlets for direct shoot organogenesis and cultured on MS shoot induction medium supplemented with BAP ( 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ l), kinetin ( KIN) ( 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ l) and thidiazuron ( TDZ) ( 0.05, 0.10 and 0.50 mg/ l). Direct multiple shoots from shoot tips developed in most media tested. High shoot multiplication ( 3.73), high rooting ( 53 %) number of root per shoot ( 3.66) and survival ratio ( 46.6 %) were achieved