You press the button, we do the rest. Bildung und Knöpfe

Eine historische Betrachtung von Knöpfen und ihrer symbolischen Bedeutung für das Verständnis und die Bedienbarkeit auch von komplexen Endgeräten in der heuten Zeit bilden den Startpunkt der Überlegungen. Am Beispiel der Fotografie, die im 19. Jahrhundert mit der Einführung der ersten Kodak Kamera technisch wie finanziell auch für die Endverbrauchenden erschlossen wurde, wird dabei deutlich, dass das Drücken von Knöpfen als kulturelles Phänomen in einer deutlich längeren Tradition steht, als die digitalen Infrastrukturen zunächst vermuten lassen. Dieser Spur folgend wird auf der Grundlage einer transaktionalen Perspektive eine Idee von relationalen Mustern in einer Post-Digitalen Kultur entwickelt. Der Vollzug des Drückens wird phänomenologisch untersucht und auf seine Bedeutung für die Subjektivations- und Bildungsprozesse hin untersucht. (DIPF/Orig.

(re)united!? New Research Perspectives at the Intersection of Arts Education and Media Education

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Frage nach dem Verhältnis zwischen Kultureller Bildung und Medienpädagogik. Der Titel der Joint Conference spricht von einem Schnittfeld, dabei drängt sich bei der Betrachtung der Gegenstände beider Bildungsbereiche die Frage auf, inwiefern es überhaupt möglich ist, diese ausserhalb einer gemeinsamen Schnittmenge radikal getrennt zu denken. Ausgehend von einer Betrachtung zentraler Begriffe und Diskurslogiken entwickeln die Autorinnen auf der Grundlage der Abschlussdiskussion der Joint Conference eine integrative Perspektive dieser beiden Diskursfelder. Im Rückgriff auf zentrale Ideen und Gedanken aus den ‹Cultural Studies› werden anschliessend Folgen für Forschung, Diskurs und Praxis entwickelt.This article is about the relationship between cultural education and media pedagogy. The conference title speaks of an intersection, but considering the objects of both educational fields, the question arises to what extent it is at all possible to think of them as radically separate outside of a common intersection. Starting with a consideration of central concepts and discourse logics, the authors develop an integrative perspective of these two fields of discourse based on the final discussion of the Joint Conference. Drawing on central ideas and thoughts from cultural studies, implications for research, discourse, and practice are then developed

Forschung zur Digitalisierung in der Kulturellen Bildung

Um die Konsequenzen und Potenziale, die die digitale Transformation für die Kulturelle Bildung mit sich bringt tiefergehend zu erforschen, hat das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung im Jahr 2017 den Förderschwerpunt „Forschung zur Digitalisierung in der Kulturellen Bildung“ ins Leben gerufen. In diesem forschen 13 Verbund- und Einzelprojekte in ganz Deutschland zu digitalen Phänomenen in der Kulturellen Bildung, unter anderem in den Bereichen Musik, Literatur, Tanz, Performance und bildende Kunst. Dabei zeichnen sich die Forschungsvorhaben durch eine große Perspektivenvielfalt aus: Neben Erziehungswissenschaft und Bildungsforschung sind Sozialpädagogik, Erwachsenenbildung, Musikpädagogik, Kunst-, Tanz-, Musik-, Literatur-, Medien- und Sportwissenschaft, Humangeographie, Wirtschaftsinformatik, Medienpädagogik, Informatik und Computerlinguistik vertreten. Dieser Band verschafft einen Überblick über die Forschungsvorhaben der Förderlinie. Ziel ist es, sowohl Forschenden als auch Akteurinnen und Akteuren aus der Praxis der Kulturellen Bildung einen Einblick in die laufende Forschung zu geben und erste Ergebnisse sichtbar zu machen. Gerahmt werden die Einblicke in die aktuellen Forschungsvorhaben von zwei Texten aus dem Metaforschungsvorhaben der Förderlinie. In ihnen wird zum einen ein Versuch zur Orientierung im komplexen Feld der Digitalität und Kulturellen Bildung unternommen und zum anderen ein Einblick und Ausblick auf das Thema der Forschungssynthese in diesem Feld gegeben

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts

Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas

Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN

Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images

Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment

Integrated Genomic Analysis of the Ubiquitin Pathway across Cancer Types

Protein ubiquitination is a dynamic and reversibleprocess of adding single ubiquitin molecules orvarious ubiquitin chains to target proteins. Here,using multidimensional omic data of 9,125 tumorsamples across 33 cancer types from The CancerGenome Atlas, we perform comprehensive molecu-lar characterization of 929 ubiquitin-related genesand 95 deubiquitinase genes. Among them, we sys-tematically identify top somatic driver candidates,including mutatedFBXW7with cancer-type-specificpatterns and amplifiedMDM2showing a mutuallyexclusive pattern withBRAFmutations. Ubiquitinpathway genes tend to be upregulated in cancermediated by diverse mechanisms. By integratingpan-cancer multiomic data, we identify a group oftumor samples that exhibit worse prognosis. Thesesamples are consistently associated with the upre-gulation of cell-cycle and DNA repair pathways, char-acterized by mutatedTP53,MYC/TERTamplifica-tion, andAPC/PTENdeletion. Our analysishighlights the importance of the ubiquitin pathwayin cancer development and lays a foundation fordeveloping relevant therapeutic strategies

Machine Learning Identifies Stemness Features Associated with Oncogenic Dedifferentiation.

Cancer progression involves the gradual loss of a differentiated phenotype and acquisition of progenitor and stem-cell-like features. Here, we provide novel stemness indices for assessing the degree of oncogenic dedifferentiation. We used an innovative one-class logistic regression (OCLR) machine-learning algorithm to extract transcriptomic and epigenetic feature sets derived from non-transformed pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny. Using OCLR, we were able to identify previously undiscovered biological mechanisms associated with the dedifferentiated oncogenic state. Analyses of the tumor microenvironment revealed unanticipated correlation of cancer stemness with immune checkpoint expression and infiltrating immune cells. We found that the dedifferentiated oncogenic phenotype was generally most prominent in metastatic tumors. Application of our stemness indices to single-cell data revealed patterns of intra-tumor molecular heterogeneity. Finally, the indices allowed for the identification of novel targets and possible targeted therapies aimed at tumor differentiation