498 research outputs found

    Researching ‘with’ not ‘on’: Engaging Foundation GNVQ students in the research process - emerging themes from the study

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    This paper discusses practical and methodological issues arising from ongoing case study research exploring the hopes, aspirations and learning identity of 4 cohorts of GNVQ Foundation (level 1) students in 2 English General Further Education (FE) colleges. This paper focuses on work with the student participants in the study and poses a number of questions. How can young people be engaged with a research process? How can that process be meaningful to them in the context of their lives and experiences? How can the significant ethical issues involved with working with these students be addressed? Part of the thesis for this work has been the lack of value placed on students enrolled on Foundation level programmes. Therefore, it was important to demonstrate value for them throughout this process, and one way in which this was achieved was by engaging the young people with the research process as actively as possible. Working within a Social Justice theoretical framework, and specifically considering the notion of knowledge/power relationships the paper outlines the participative approach which was taken in the development of interview questions, informed by the ‘arenas of action and centres of choice’ described by Ball et. al (2000:148). Further, it explores the practical issues and ethical tensions which arose associated with respecting the young people and facilitating their involvement in the research process whilst working within the constraints placed by their level of experience and understanding, and discusses some of the unanticipated challenges that arose from this process. The paper concludes with a discussion of the way the research has evolved in response to these issues and of the ‘added value’ to the research which has arisen from the participants’ engagement with the process

    Boundary dialogues in user-centric innovation

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    This paper is based on a user-centric innovation project, Free2Ride, which is seen as an example of community interaction that overcomes boundaries. Free2Ride aimed at developing a piece of ICT safety equipment consisting of a sender (on the horse) and a receiver (application in a smartphone) to be used by equestrian club members during their everyday riding activities. We will answer the research question of what the characteristics of a boundary dialogue in user-centric innovation activities are. The aim of the paper is to propose a model describing the characteristics of boundary dialogue in user-centric innovation that involve different communities of practices such as ICT developers, users and researchers. We applied a combination of research approaches consisting of action research and engaged scholarship approach. The theoretical framework for analyzing our findings is communities of practices with a specific interest in boundary spanning and learning dialogues. Our contribution is a model describing the characteristics of boundary dialogues in user-centric innovation. An important element of that model is the mental wandering, inwards and outwards, by core members in a community. We discuss the temporal as well as the symbolic nature of the mental wandering during the boundary dialogue in user-centric innovation activities

    The Dynamics Of Interaction: Exploring A Living Lab Innovation Process From A Community Of Practice Perspective

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    This paper is based on a living lab project, which is an open, user-centric, innovation approach, where several actors from industry, user groups and academia are involved. The research question is: How can interaction dynamics be understood in a living lab innovation process? We applied an action-oriented research approach, where the empirical results are from The Find Project (TFP), which aim is to customize an ICT product based on the needs of a user group. The findings are analyzed from a community of practice perspective where three different communities, i) researchers from Halmstad Living Lab (HLL), ii) ICT developers (ICTD) and iii) next of kin of demented elderly persons (NOKD), represented the unit of analysis. We identified situations and activities that played a vital role for the innovation process in terms of boundary interaction dynamics. The contribution of our research to innovation theory is a combination and further exploration of the boundary spanning and communities of practice theories. We have developed a conceptual model describing the dynamics in boundary interactions of an ICT innovation process with regard to boundary objects-inuse and brokering. The conceptual model highlights two different levels of brokering: i) inner-level brokering and ii) outer-level brokering

    Effektivt, hÄllbart och mÄngfunktionellt lÀngs vÀg

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    Av tradition prioriteras trafiksĂ€kerheten vid gestaltningen av vĂ€gens grönytor, men ytorna kan fylla fler funktioner Ă€n sĂ„. De perspektiv som det hĂ€r arbetet belyser Ă€r trafiksĂ€kerhet, skötsel, förhindrande av föroreningar, ekologi, trafikantupplevelse och estetik, rekreation och rörelse lĂ€ngs vĂ€gen samt produktion. VĂ€gen har en fragmenterande effekt pĂ„ landskapet, vilket pĂ„verkar vĂ€xter, djur och kulturvĂ€rden, men rĂ€tt utformning och skötsel av vĂ€gkanterna kan minska vĂ€garnas negativa effekter. Sveriges vĂ€gkanter omfattar idag lĂ„ngt över 200 000 ha, sĂ„ det Ă€r inte svĂ„rt att se att förĂ€ndring kan göra skillnad. Utformad och skött pĂ„ rĂ€tt sĂ€tt kan dessa vĂ€gkanter ex. bidra till ett bevarande av den biologiska mĂ„ngfalden, istĂ€llet för dess reduktion. Dessutom har vĂ€garnas linjedragning ofta lĂ„ng permanens – i Sverige finns det vĂ€gar som Ă€r 1000 Ă„r gamla – och det Ă€r dĂ€rför viktigt att vĂ„ra moderna vĂ€gar fĂ„r en utformning som överlever in i framtiden och uppÂŹskattas av bĂ„de mĂ€nniskor, vĂ€xter och djur.Syftet med det hĂ€r arbetet att öka kunskapen kring vĂ€gens nĂ€romrĂ„den och bidra till inspiration kring hur utformningen och anvĂ€ndningen av dessa ytor kan fylla fler funktioner. Detta görs genom intervjuer med representanter frĂ„n Trafikverket och LĂ€nsstyrelsen, vilka kan rĂ€knas som nĂ„gra av vĂ€gens huvudaktörer, samt genom studier av myndighetspublikationer och forskningsrapporter. Hur anvĂ€nds dessa grönytor, och hur kan de anvĂ€ndas, för att gynna en hĂ„llbar och mĂ„ngfunktionell utveckling samtidigt som vĂ€garna fortsĂ€tter vara effektiva och rationella?Att designa för trafiksĂ€kerhet handlar om att undvika oeftergivliga föremĂ„l i vĂ€gmiljön, men ocksĂ„ att undvika en monoton resa och att förtydliga vĂ€gens strĂ€ckning genom optisk ledning. Skötselperspektivet handlar om att vĂ€lja en utformning som passar skötselekonomin, men det kan ocksĂ„ handla om att genom skötseln gynna ekologi. VĂ€gomrĂ„denas utformning för att förhindra föroreningar handlar i sin tur om att motverka buller, skydda vattentĂ€kter vid olycka och att hantera dagvatten. Dessutom kan vegetationen lĂ€ngs vĂ€gen fungera som luftförbĂ€ttrare genom att binda stoft och omvandla avgaser. VĂ€garnas sidoomrĂ„den har ocksĂ„ en stor pĂ„verkan pĂ„ ekologin, bĂ„de i positiv och i negativ bemĂ€rkelse. VĂ€garnas fragmenterande effekt pĂ„ landskapet pĂ„verkar bl.a. djurens rörelse, men vĂ€gkanterna Ă€r ocksĂ„ en viktig livsmiljö bĂ„de för vĂ€xter och djur och kan hĂ„lla en stor artrikedom. VĂ€garnas utformning pĂ„verkar ocksĂ„ trafikantupplevelsen och upplevelsen för den som rör sig vid sidan om vĂ€gen. För bilisten kan vĂ€garnas sidoomrĂ„den bidra till reskomfort och resupplevelse, alltsĂ„ bilistens upplevelse av det som hĂ€nder pĂ„ och vid sidan om vĂ€gen, samt dennes upplevelse av omgivningarna. Det sista perspektivet, produktion, handlar om att ta tillvara vĂ€garnas sidoomrĂ„den Ă€ven till bl.a. energiproduktion.Det finns idag mycket kunskap kring hur vĂ€garnas sidoomrĂ„den kan utformas för en hĂ„llbarhet och mĂ„ngfunktionellitet, men den Ă„terspeglas inte fullt ut i utformningen och driften av vĂ€garna.Traditionally road safety has been a priority when designing road verges, but these spaces can fill more functions than that. This work highlights the perspectives of road safety, maintenance, pollution prevention, ecology, road-user experience and aesthetics, recreation and movement along the road, and production. The road has a fragmentizing effect on the landscape, which affects plants, animals and cultural values, but correct design and management of roadsides can reduce the negative effects of roads. Roadsides in Sweden today includes well over 200 000 ha, so it's not hard to see that change can make a difference. If designed and managed correctly, these roadsides can for example contribute to the conservation of biological diversity, instead of its reduction. The road placement in the landscape are often of historical permanence – in Sweden there are roads of 1,000 years of age - and it is therefore important that our modern roads have a design that will survive into the future and can be appreciated by both humans, plants and animals. The purpose of this work is to increase the knowledge about the road's surrounding areas and contribute to inspiration about how the design and use of these surfaces can be multifunctional. This is done through interviews with representatives from the Swedish transport authority (Trafikverket) and the Swedish county board (LĂ€nsstyrelsen), how can be counted as some of the road's main stakeholders, and through studies of agency publications and research reports. How are these green areas utilized, and how can they be utilized to promote a sustainable and multifunctional development, while the roads continue to be effective and rational? Designing for road safety is about avoiding absolute object in the road environment, but also to avoid a monotonous journey and to clarify the road alignment by visual guidance. The maintenance perspective is about choosing a design that fits the maintenance economy, but it can also be about favoring ecology. Designing road environments with the purpose of preventing pollution is in other hands about preventing noise pollution, protecting water sources in case of an accident and to take care of storm water. The road vegetation can also serve as air conditioner by binding dust and converting exhaust gas. Road sides have also a major impact on the ecology, both in positive and negative remarks. Roads fragment the landscape, which among other things affect animal movements, but the roadsides are also an important habitat for both plants and animals and can be very rich in species. Driver experience and the experience from movements alongside roads are also affected by road design. For the motorist these side areas can contribute to travel comfort and experience. The last perspective, production, is about using road sides for production, e.g. for energy production. There is much knowledge about how road sides can be designed for durability and multi-ÂŹfunctionÂŹality, but this knowledge is not fully implemented in the design and maintenance of roads today

    Idén som arv

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    Det vi vĂ€ljer att bevara som ett kulturarv baseras pĂ„ samhĂ€llets vĂ€rderingar och ideal. Kulturarv Ă€r ett val och Ă€ven nĂ€r det kommer till sjĂ€lva förvaltningen finns flera olika vĂ€gar att vĂ€lja pĂ„. Den hĂ€r uppsatsen utreder ett sĂ€tt att se pĂ„ landskapets idĂ© som ett kulturarv, som ett idĂ©arv, med syftet att bidra till diskussionen om bevarande genom att försöka bredda den allmĂ€nna synen pĂ„ vad ett kulturarv Ă€r och hur det kan förvaltas. Genom en historisk genomgĂ„ng av kulturarvs- och landskapsbegreppens utveckling framgĂ„r att frĂ„gan om vad som ska bevaras till framtiden med tiden har förĂ€ndrats till att omfatta allt fler olika typer av materiella sĂ„vĂ€l som immateriella arv. Synen pĂ„ kulturarv och landskap har dessutom gĂ„tt frĂ„n att enbart betona statiska objekt till en betoning av helhet, förĂ€nderlighet och aktivt bruk. Dessutom har synen pĂ„ hur förvaltningen ska gĂ„ till förĂ€ndrats frĂ„n ett perspektiv dĂ€r natur- och kulturarv ska skyddas frĂ„n mĂ€nniskor till ett perspektiv dĂ€r det ska vĂ„rdas och bevaras för mĂ€nniskor och ett perspektiv dĂ€r kulturarv ses som en resurs för samtiden att bruka. Den hĂ€r uppsatsen fokuserar pĂ„ kulturarv dĂ€r bevarandet utgĂ„r frĂ„n den förvaltningsform, tanke eller annan mĂ€nsklig process som har skapat landskapets samtida utformning. Ett kulturarv dĂ€r hur, eller snarare varför, utgör sjĂ€lva arvet och dĂ€r ett levande landskap Ă€r mĂ„let med bevarandet. Studien tar sin utgĂ„ngspunkt i vĂ€rldsarvet ’Södra Ölands odlingslandskap’ och en förvaltningsidĂ© dĂ€r det moderna lantbruket stĂ„r i fokus i ett levande kulturlandskap. Arbetet kompletteras ocksĂ„ med fallstudier av ’Björnlandets nationalpark’ och ’Ekskogen pĂ„ Visingsö’. Resultatet frĂ„n studierna visar att en landskapsförvaltning dĂ€r bevarandeperspektivet fokuserar pĂ„ idĂ© snarare Ă€n pĂ„ objekt har flera fördelar, kanske framför allt för att det tillĂ„ter landskapet att leva. IdĂ©arv som bevarandepraktik öppnar dörrarna för en förvaltning dĂ€r samtiden till hög grad blir en del av kulturarvet, vilket i sin tur ger nya möjligheter för bevarande och utveckling av landskap. IdĂ©arv Ă€r dock, precis som andra kulturarv, ett val av mĂ„nga och inget sjĂ€lvklart bevarandeperspektiv för alla kulturarv.What we choose to preserve as cultural heritage is based on society’s values and ideals. Cultural heritage is a choice, and even when it comes to the actual management there are several alternatives to choose from. This paper investigates a way of looking at the landscape idea as a cultural heritage, as a heritage idea, with the aim to contribute to the discussion of conservation by trying to broaden the general perception of what a heritage is and how it can be managed. Through a historical review of the development of the concept of cultural heritage and landscape the study shows that the question of what should be preserved for the future have changed over time to include more and more different types of tangible and intangible heritage. Views on heritage and landscape has also gone from merely emphasize static objects to emphasizing whole, changeability and active use. In addition, the perception of how to manage the inheritance has change from a perspective where natural and cultural heritage should be protected from people to a perspective where it should be cared for and preserved for people and a perspective where cultural heritage is seen as a resource for our time to use. This essay focuses on cultural heritage where the conservation is based on the form of management, thought or other human process that has created the contemporary design of the landscape. A heritage where how, or rather why, represents the heritage itself and where a living landscape is the aim of preservation. The study is based on the World Heritage site ’The agricultural landscape of Southern Öland’ and a management idea where modern agriculture is the focus of a continuous cultural landscape. The study is also supplemented with case studies of ’Björnlandet National park’ and ’The oak forest on Visingö’. The findings show that a landscape management where the conservation focuses on the idea rather than the object has several advantages, perhaps utmost because it allows the landscape to live. The concept of a heritage idea as a conservation practice opens the doors for a management where the present society to a large extent become part of the cultural heritage, which in turn provides new opportunities for the conservation and development of landscapes. The concept of a heritage idea is, however, just as other types of cultural heritage, a choice of many and not an obvious conservation perspective for all cultural heritages

    Evaluation of the atmospheric water vapor content in a regional climate model using ground-based GPS measurements

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    Ground-based GPS measurements can provide independent data for the assessment of climate models. We use the atmospheric integrated water vapor (IWV) obtained from GPS measurements at 99 European sites to evaluate the regional Rossby Centre Atmospheric climate model (RCA) driven at the boundaries by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis data (ERA Interim). The GPS data were compared to the RCA simulation and the ERA Interim data. The comparison was first made using the monthly mean values. Averaged over the domain and the 14 years covered by the GPS data, IWV differences of about 0.47 kg/m^2 and 0.39 kg/m^2 are obtained for RCA-GPS and ECMWF-GPS, respectively. The RCA-GPS standard deviation is 0.98 kg/m^2 whereas it is 0.35 kg/m^2 for the ECMWF-GPS comparison. The IWV differences for RCA are positively correlated to the differences for ECMWF. However, this is not the case for two sites in Italy where a wet bias is seen for ECMWF, while a dry bias is seen for RCA, the latter being consistent with a cold temperature bias found for RCA in that region by other authors. Comparisons of the estimated diurnal cycle and the spatial structure function of the IWV were made between the GPS data and the RCA simulation. The RCA captures the geographical variation of the diurnal peak in the summer. Averaged over all sites, a peak at 17 local solar time is obtained from the GPS data while it appears later, at 18, in the RCA simulation. The spatial variation of the IWV obtained for an RCA run with a resolution of 11 km gives a better agreement with the GPS results than does the spatial variation from a 50 km resolution run

    Genotype and environment interaction study shows fungal diseases and heat stress are detrimental to spring wheat production in Sweden

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    Spring wheat is an economically important crop for Scandinavia and its cultivation is likely to be affected by climate change. The current study focused on wheat yield in recent years, during which climate change-related yield fluctuations have been more pronounced than previously observed. Here, effects of the environment, together with the genotype and fungicide treatment was evaluated. Spring wheat multi-location trials conducted at five locations between 2016 and 2020 were used to understand effects of the climate and fungicides on wheat yield. The results showed that the environment has a strong effect on grain yield, followed by the genotype effect. Moreover, temperature has a stronger (negative) impact than rainfall on grain yield and crop growing duration. Despite a low rainfall in the South compared to the North, the southern production region (PR) 2 had the highest yield performance, indicating the optimal environment for spring wheat production. The fungicide treatment effect was significant in 2016, 2017 and 2020. Overall, yield reduction due to fungal diseases ranged from 0.98 (2018) to 13.3% (2017) and this reduction was higher with a higher yield. Overall yield reduction due to fungal diseases was greater in the South (8.9%) than the North zone (5.3%). The genotypes with higher tolerance to diseases included G4 (KWS Alderon), G14 (WPB 09SW025-11), and G23 (SW 11360) in 2016; G24 (SW 11360), G25 (Millie), and G19 (SEC 526-07-2) in 2017; and G19 (WPB 13SW976-01), G12 (Levels), and G18 (SW 141011) in 2020. The combined best performing genotypes for disease tolerance and stable and higher yield in different locations were KWS Alderon, SEC 526-07-2, and WPB 13SW976-01 with fungicide treatment and WPB Avonmore, SEC 526-07-2, SW 131323 without fungicide treatment. We conclude that the best performing genotypes could be recommended for Scandinavian climatic conditions with or without fungicide application and that developing heat-tolerant varieties for Scandinavian countries should be prioritized

    Lean och arbetsmiljö inom sjukvÄrden: Proaktivt förÀndringsarbete för hÄllbara arbetsprocesser inom vÄrden

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    Det övergripande syftet med projektet (som finansieras av AFA FörsĂ€kring) Ă€r att skapa bĂ€ttre förutsĂ€ttningar för att kombinera effektiva patientflöden och en god arbetsmiljö bland anstĂ€llda inom sjukvĂ„rden. Ett delsyfte Ă€r att utveckla ett ergonomiskt integrerat komplement till LEAN-verktyget vĂ€rdeflödesanalys (VFA). Ett annat delsyfte Ă€r att studera vilka faktorer som har betydelse i selektionsprocessen av lösningsförslag. Inom Lean Ă€r VFA ett etablerat verktyg för att effektivisera flöden. NĂ€r ett flöde kartlĂ€ggs sĂ„ Ă€r huvudsyftet att reducera icke vĂ€rdeskapande aktiviteter, dvs. den tid/aktiviteter som inte tillför varan eller tjĂ€nsten nĂ„got vĂ€rde. Genom visualisering av olika arbetsuppgifter i flödet (med hjĂ€lp av post it-lappar) och dialog tar man sig frĂ„n ett nulĂ€ge till ett önskat framtida lĂ€ge. Vid VFA finns dock en risk för arbetsintensifiering och dĂ€rmed en risk för försĂ€mrad fysisk och/eller psykosocial arbetsmiljö. DĂ€rför Ă€r verktyget ERGONOVA (ergonomisk vĂ€rdeflödesanalys) framtaget som ett integrerat komplement till VFA. Med ERGONOVA beaktas arbetsmiljöaspekter i ett flöde. De arbetsmiljöaspekter som beaktas Ă€r fysisk belastning(arbetsstĂ€llningar, lyft av föremĂ„l mm) och arbetsinnehĂ„ll (krav, kontroll, kommunikation). HĂ€r görs bedömningar pĂ„ arbetsuppgiftsnivĂ„, flödesnivĂ„ och jobbnivĂ„. UtifrĂ„n en nulĂ€geskarta för flödet identifieras problem/hinder för arbetets utförande och arbetsmiljöbrister. Analysprocessen resulterar i konkreta lösningsförslag och en preliminĂ€r handlingsplan vad gĂ€ller ett framtida flöde. Förslagen exponeras sedan pĂ„ avdelningen, dĂ€r alla medarbetare ges tillfĂ€lle att lĂ€mna synpunkter. Slutligen faststĂ€lls en handlingsplan med de aktiviteter och Ă„tgĂ€rder som krĂ€vs för att förĂ€ndringarna ska kunna genomföras och implementeringen pĂ„börjas. Resultat frĂ„n tre vĂ„rdenheter inom VĂ€stra Götalandsregionen visar att de anstĂ€llda blir delaktiga i förĂ€ndringsarbetet, dĂ€r analys av arbetssĂ€tt blir i centrum. Fördelen med att anvĂ€nda post it-lappar (olika fĂ€rger för olika yrkeskategorier) Ă€r att de anstĂ€llda fĂ„r arbetsuppgifter och flödet ”framför ögonen”. DĂ€rmed förskjuts fokus frĂ„n person till arbetssĂ€tt och flöde. De preliminĂ€ra resultaten visar att den anstĂ€llde ofta fĂ„r en bĂ€ttre förstĂ„else för vad de gör i ett flöde och vad andra yrkeskategorier gör. Ergonomisk vĂ€rdeflödesanalys genererar en betydande idĂ©rikedom vad gĂ€ller förslag till förĂ€ndringar. Resultaten indikerar att de anstĂ€llda fĂ„r en tvĂ€rfunktionell dialog dĂ€r man diskuterar och föreslĂ„r förĂ€ndringar som ofta leder till bĂ„de ökad effektivitet och bĂ€ttre arbetsmiljö
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