Removing Green Scum from Tanks and Reservoirs with Bluestone.

3p

Induction, characterization, and cell transfer of autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis

Induction, characterization, and cell transfer of autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis. Autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) was induced in Lewis (LEW) rats by immunization with homologous Brown–Norway (BN) rat renal basement membrane (RBM), complete Freund's adjuvant and Bordetella pertussis vaccine. The BN strain has a tubular basement membrane (TBM) antigen (Ag+) detectable by immunofluorescence which is lacking in unmodified LEW rat TBM. Development of TIN in LEW rats correlated with TBM Ag+ immunogens from homologous and heterologous RBM preparations. By day 14 after immunization TIN developed characterized by elevated serum creatinine levels and by tubular destruction with focal, circumscribed lesions containing epithelioid cells, giant cells and mononuclear cell infiltrates. Approximately 60% of the mononuclear cells bore T cell antigens with most cells expressing la markers. Immunofluorescence and elution studies revealed no selective IgG fixation to TBM at day 14 despite high titers of circulating alloantibody reactive with the immunizing TBM. Intravenous transfer of LNC and/or splenic cells (3.5 to 7 × 108) to naive LEW rats resulted in less severe but histologically identical TIN in seven days with T cell subpopulations similar to those seen in the active model. This model strongly suggests an initiating role for cell–mediated immunity in TIN in the rat and may provide a parallel to human TIN

Absolute calibration and beam reconstruction of MITO (a ground-based instrument in the millimetric region)

An efficient sky data reconstruction derives from a precise characterization of the observing instrument. Here we describe the reconstruction of performances of a single-pixel 4-band photometer installed at MITO (Millimeter and Infrared Testagrigia Observatory) focal plane. The strategy of differential sky observations at millimeter wavelengths, by scanning the field of view at constant elevation wobbling the subreflector, induces a good knowledge of beam profile and beam-throw amplitude, allowing efficient data recovery. The problems that arise estimating the detectors throughput by drift scanning on planets are shown. Atmospheric transmission, monitored by skydip technique, is considered for deriving final responsivities for the 4 channels using planets as primary calibrators.Comment: 14 pages, 6 fiugres, accepted for pubblication by New Astronomy (25 March

Comparison between manual scaling and Autoscala automatic scaling applied to Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory ionograms

This paper presents a comparison between standard ionospheric parameters manually and automatically scaled from ionograms recorded at the high-latitude Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory (SGO, ionosonde SO166, 64.1° geomagnetic latitude), located in the vicinity of the auroral oval. The study is based on 2610 ionograms recorded during the period June–December 2013. The automatic scaling was made by means of the Autoscala software. A few typical examples are shown to outline the method, and statistics are presented regarding the differences between manually and automatically scaled values of F2, F1, E and sporadic E (Es) layer parameters. We draw the conclusions that: 1. The F2 parameters scaled by Autoscala, foF2 and M(3000)F2, are reliable. 2. F1 is identified by Autoscala in significantly fewer cases (about 50 %) than in the manual routine, but if identified the values of foF1 are reliable. 3. Autoscala frequently (30% of the cases) detects an E layer when the manual scaling process does not. When identified by both methods, the Autoscala E-layer parameters are close to those manually scaled, foE agreeing to within 0.4 MHz. 4. Es and parameters of Es identified by Autoscala are in many cases different from those of the manual scaling. Scaling of Es at auroral latitudes is often a difficult task

Broadband Meter-Wavelength Observations of Ionospheric Scintillation

Intensity scintillations of cosmic radio sources are used to study astrophysical plasmas like the ionosphere, the solar wind, and the interstellar medium. Normally these observations are relatively narrow band. With Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) technology at the Kilpisj\"arvi Atmospheric Imaging Receiver Array (KAIRA) station in northern Finland we have observed scintillations over a 3 octave bandwidth. ``Parabolic arcs'', which were discovered in interstellar scintillations of pulsars, can provide precise estimates of the distance and velocity of the scattering plasma. Here we report the first observations of such arcs in the ionosphere and the first broad-band observations of arcs anywhere, raising hopes that study of the phenomenon may similarly improve the analysis of ionospheric scintillations. These observations were made of the strong natural radio source Cygnus-A and covered the entire 30-250\,MHz band of KAIRA. Well-defined parabolic arcs were seen early in the observations, before transit, and disappeared after transit although scintillations continued to be obvious during the entire observation. We show that this can be attributed to the structure of Cygnus-A. Initial results from modeling these scintillation arcs are consistent with simultaneous ionospheric soundings taken with other instruments, and indicate that scattering is most likely to be associated more with the topside ionosphere than the F-region peak altitude. Further modeling and possible extension to interferometric observations, using international LOFAR stations, are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, 17 figure

Electric Brooders Will Save Pigs.

2 p

Removing Green Scum from Tanks and Reservoirs with Bluestone.

3p

Hog Lot Equipment for Texas Farms.

16 p

Cooking Garbage for Hogs.

8 p

Hog Lot Equipment.

16 p