Кахексия при хронической обструктивной болезни легких: диагностика и лечение

Cachexia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: diagnosis and treatment.Кахексия при хронической обструктивной болезни легких: диагностика и лечение

Функциональные расстройства органов пищеварения у детей: отдаленные последствия и современные возможности предупреждения и коррекции

The article discusses modern ideas about the genesis of the most common variants of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) in infants, and their ability to lead to long-term negative consequences for the health of the child. The article provides data on role of intestinal microbiota in development of FGID in infants and current approaches to prevention and correction using probiotics with proven effectiveness. В статье обсуждаются современные представления о генезе наиболее распространенных вариантов функциональных расстройств органов пищеварения у детей, в том числе их долгосрочные негативные последствия для здоровья ребенка. Представлены данные о роли кишечной микробиоты в формировании функциональных расстройств органов пищеварения, а также современные подходы к их предупреждению и коррекции с помощью пробиотиков с доказанной эффективностью

Synthesis, structural characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of aziridine, 2-aminoethylaziridine and azirine complexes of copper(II) and palladium(II).

The synthesis, spectroscopic and X-ray structural characterization of copper(II) and palladium(II) complexes with aziridine ligands as 2-dimethylaziridine HNCH2CMe2 (a), the bidentate N-(2-aminoethyl)aziridines C2H4NC2H4NH2 (b) or CH2CMe2NCH2CMe2NH2 (c) as well as the unsaturated azirine NCH2CPh (d) are reported. Cleavage of the cyclometallated Pd(II) dimer [μ-Cl(C6H4CHMeNMe2-C,N)Pd]2 with ligand a yielded compound [Cl(NHCH2CMe2)(C6H4CHMe2NMe2-C,N)Pd] (1a). The reaction of the aziridine complex trans-[Cl2Pd(HNC2H4)2] with an excess of aziridine in the presence of AgOTf gave the ionic chelate complex trans-[(C2H4NC2H4NH2-N,N′)2Pd](OTf)2 (2b) which contains the new ligand b formed by an unexpected insertion and ring opening reaction of two aziridines (“aziridine dimerization”). CuCl2 reacted in pure HNC2H4 or HNCH2CMe2 (b) again by “dimerization” to give the tris-chelated ionic complex [Cu(C2H4NC2H4NH2-N,N′)3]Cl2 (3b) or the bis-chelated complex [CuCl(C2H2Me2NC2H2Me2NH2-N,N′)2]Cl (4c). By addition of 2H-3-phenylazirine (d) to PdCl2, trans-[Cl2Pd(NCH2CPh)2] (5d) was formed. All new compounds were characterized by NMR, IR and mass spectra and also by X-ray structure analyses (except 3b). Additionally the cytotoxic effects of these complexes were examined on HL-60 and NALM-6 human leukemia cells and melanoma WM-115 cells. The antimicrobial activity was also determined. The growth of Gram-positive bacterial strains (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis) was inhibited by almost all tested complexes at the concentrations of 37.5–300.0 μg mL−1. However, MIC values of complexes obtained for Gram-negative E. coli and P. aeruginosa, as well as for C. albicans yeast, mostly exceeded 300 μg mL−1. The highest antibacterial activity was achieved by complexes 1a and 2b. Complex 2b also inhibited the growth of Gram-negative bacteria. Graphical abstract: Synthesis, structural characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of aziridine, 2-aminoethylaziridine and azirine complexes of copper(ii) and palladium(ii

The Density of States of hole-doped Manganites: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy/Spectroscopy study

Variable temperature scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy studies on single crystals and epitaxial thin films of hole-doped manganites, which show colossal magnetoresistance, have been done. We have investigated the variation of the density of states, at and near the Fermi energy ($E_f$), as a function of temperature. Simple calculations have been carried out, to find out the effect of temperature on the tunneling spectra and extract the variation of density of states with temperature, from the observed data. We also report here, atomic resolution images, on the single crystals and larger range images showing the growth patterns on thin films. Our investigation shows unambiguously that there is a rapid variation in density of states for temperatures near the Curie temperature ($T_c$). While for temperatures below $T_c$, a finite DOS is observed at $E_f$, for temperatures near $T_c$ a hard gap opens up in the density of states near $E_f$. For temperatures much higher than $T_c$, this gap most likely gives way to a soft gap. The observed hard gap for temperatures near $T_c$, is somewhat higher than the transport gap for all the materials. For different materials, we find that the magnitude of the hard gap decreases as the $T_c$ of the material increases and eventually, for materials with a $T_c$ close to 400 K, the value of the gap approaches zero.Comment: 9 pages RevTeX, 12 postscript figures, 1 table included in text, submitted to Physical Review

НАУЧНЫЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ПРИЧИННО-СЛЕДСТВЕННОЙ СВЯЗИ МИКРОБИОТЫ КИШЕЧНИКА И СОСТОЯНИЯ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ

The review article presents the scientific substantiation of the prospective direction of research of the intestinal microbiota and its role in the formation of various neurological pathologies. Reflected information about the enteral nervous system, which has direct relevance in the interaction between the brain and intestines. The study of the intestinal microbiota is currently carried out using modern methods of metagenomics, sequencing and bioinformation analysis. Data are presented on the formation of functional digestive disorders in children with altered intestinal microbiota and the ways of correction are determined.В обзорной статье представлено научное обоснование перспективного направления исследования кишечной микробиоты и ее роли в формировании различной неврологической патологии. Отражены сведения об энтеральной нервной системе, имеющей непосредственное значение во взаимодействии между мозгом и кишечником. Исследование кишечной микробиоты в настоящее время проводится с помощью современных методов метагеномики, секвенирования и биоинформационного анализа. Представлены данные о формировании функциональных расстройств пищеварения у детей с измененной кишечной микробиотой и определены пути коррекции