Automatic vector generation guided by a functional metric

Verification is still the bottleneck of the complex digital system design process. Formal techniques have advanced in their capacity to handle more complex descriptions, but they still suffer from problems of memory or time explosion. Simulation-based techniques handle descriptions of any size or complexity, but the efficiency of these techniques is reduced with the increase in the system complexity because of the exponential increase in the number of simulation tests necessary to maintain the coverage. Semi-formal techniques combine the advantages of simulation and formal techniques as they increase the efficiency of simulation-based verification. In this area, several research works have introduced techniques that automate the generation of vectors driven by traditional coverage metrics. However, these techniques do not ensure the detection of 100% of faults. This paper presents a novel technique for the generation of vectors. A major benefit of the technique is the more efficient generation of test-benches than when using techniques based on structural metrics. The technique introduced is more efficient since it relies on a novel coverage metric, which is more directly correlated to functional faults than structural coverage metrics (line, branch, etc.). The proposed coverage metric is based on an abstraction of the system as a set of polynomials where all system behaviours are described by a set of coefficients. By assuming a finite precision of coefficients and a maximum degree of polynomials, all the system behaviors, including both the correct and the incorrect ones, can be modeled. This technique applies mathematical theories (computer algebra and number theory) to calculate the coverage and to generate vectors which maximize coverage. Moreover, in this work, a tool which implements the technique has been developed. This tool takes a C-based system description and provides the coverage and the generated vectors as output

Estudio de la fauna del Cerro I de "Los Castillejos" (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)

En el presente trabajo se estudia la fauna de un poblado de época calcolítica. La muestra ósea pone de manifiesto un claro predominio de bovino seguido de caballo y ciervo. La presencia de animales con domesticación clara es minoritaria. La presencia en el bovino de escasos ejemplares domésticos frente a una mayoría de uro, parece apuntar hacia un foco de domesticación local en estado inicial. El caballo también aparece como una especie en estado incipiente de domesticación. Se completa el informe con un estudio detallado de cada especie presente, ofreciendo medidas, resŭmenes estadísticos y comparaciones con otros yacimientos cercanos en el tiempo y en el espacio.In the present work the fauna of a village from the Chalcolithic period is studied. The bone sample shows a clear predominance of bovine followed by horse and deer. The presence of animals with clear domestication is minor. The presence in the cattle of scarce domestic specimens in front of a majority of uro, seems to point towards a focus of local domestication in initial state. The horse also appears as a species in its incipient state of domestication. The report is completed with a detailed study of each species present, offering measurements, statistical summaries and comparisons with other nearby sites in time and space.peerReviewe

Estudio arqueozoológico de la fauna de Arcaya (Álava)

Se estudian los restos de fauna del yacimiento romano de Arcaya. Se constata el predominio de las especies domésticas entre las que destaca el ganado vacuno. Se compara la estructura faunística de esta muestra con las de otros yacimiento romanos del Norte de la Península Ibérica. Se analiza la representación anatómica de los restos, la distribución de edades y sexos así como la osteometría de cada cabaña doméstica para establecer los patrones de aprovechamiento y los modelos de explotación de los distintos componentes agropecuarios.Se concluye con un estudio paleontológico de las pocas especies salvajes tanto de Mamíferos como de Aves

Extracción de aceite de semillas de Aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana) con prensa - Expeller, caracterización y predicción de su vida en anaquel

Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias. Departamento Académico de Tecnología de Alimentos y Productos AgropecuariosEste trabajo tuvo como objetivos evaluar la influencia del contenido de humedad de la semilla y la temperatura de prensado en el rendimiento y calidad del aceite de semillas de aguaymanto (ASA), caracterizarlo y predecir su vida en anaquel. Se aplicó un Diseño completamente al azar (DCA) con arreglo factorial para estudiar los efectos del contenido de humedad de la semilla (8, 10 y 12 %) y la temperatura de prensado (60, 80 y 100 °C) en el rendimiento de aceite y parámetros fisicoquímicos de calidad. El ASA se caracterizó en base a su perfil de ácidos grasos, color, índice de yodo, índice de saponificación, índice de refracción y materia insaponificable. Para predecir la vida en anaquel, se determinó el índice de estabilidad oxidativa (IEO) a tres temperaturas (100, 110 y 120 °C) bajo las condiciones del Rancimat. Ambas variables se relacionaron mediante una ecuación semilogarítmica, a partir de la cual se predijo, por extrapolación, la vida en anaquel a 25 °C. El rendimiento de aceite disminuyó significativamente a medida que aumentó el contenido de humedad y la temperatura de prensado. El mayor rendimiento de aceite (86.43 %) y la mejor calidad se obtuvo con un contenido de humedad de semillas del 8 % y una temperatura de prensado de 60 °C. Bajo estas condiciones de extracción, el ASA presentó un alto contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados, principalmente de ácido linoleico (75.99 %) que se tradujo en un alto contenido de índice de yodo (140 mg I2/g) e índice de refracción (1.4769). El índice de saponificación y la materia insaponificable fueron de 188.10 mg KOH/g y 1.67 %, respectivamente. El color presentó valores de 30.21, -2.13 y 10.03 para las coordenadas L*, a* y b*, respectivamente. La vida en anaquel predicha a 25 °C fue 120.44 días.The objectives of this research were to evaluate the influence of the moisture content of the seed and the pressing temperature on the yield and quality of goldenberry seed oil (GSO), characterize it and predict its shelf life. A Completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial arrangement was applied to study the effects of the moisture content of the seed (8, 10 and 12 %) and the pressing temperature (60, 80 and 100 °C) on the oil yield and physicochemical parameters of quality. The GSO was characterized based on its fatty acid profile, color, iodine value, saponification value, refractive index and unsaponifiable matter. To predict shelf life, the oxidative stability index (OSI) at three temperatures (100, 110 and 120 °C) was determined under Rancimat conditions. Both variables were related by means of a semi-logarithmic equation, from which the shelf life at 25 °C was predicted by extrapolation. The oil yield decreased significantly as the moisture content and pressing temperature increased. The highest oil yield (86.43 %) and the best quality was obtained with a seed moisture content of 8 % and a pressing temperature of 60 °C. Under these extraction conditions, the GSO had a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid (75.99 %) which resulted in a high content of iodine value (140 mg I2 / g) and refractive index (1.4769). The saponification value and the unsaponifiable matter were 188.10 mg KOH/g and 1.67 % respectively. The color presented values of 30.21, -2.13 and 10.03 for the coordinates L*, a* and b* respectively. The shelf life predicted at 25 ° C was 120.44 days

Buildings in Barcelona protected from railway-induced vibrations with base isolation

This work describes two mid-height RC base isolated buildings recently erected in Barcelona. Both buildings are located near the main railway station in Barcelona (Barcelona-Sants), thus undergoing dynamic excitations due to intensive railway traffic. The base isolation system consists of spring-dashpot devices located at the ground level. The isolators were designed after the expected input according to extensive field measurements. The moderate levels of vibrations detected from numerical simulations (dynamic analyses) and from present observations confirm the efficiency of the base isolation systems.Postprint (published version

Design space exploration in heterogeneous platforms using OpenMP

In the fields of high performance computing (HPC) and embedded systems, the current trend is to employ heterogeneous platforms which integrate general purpose CPUs with specialized accelerators such as GPUs and FPGAs. Programming these architectures to approach their theoretical performance limits is a complex issue. In this article, we present a design methodology targeting heterogeneous platforms which combines a novel dynamic offloading mechanism for OpenMP and a scheduling strategy for assigning tasks to accelerator devices. The current OpenMP offloading model depends on the compiler supporting each target device, with many architectures still unsupported by the most popular compilers, such as GCC and Clang. In our approach, the software and/or hardware design flows for programming the accelerators are dissociated from the host OpenMP compiler and the device-specific implementations are dynamically loaded at runtime. Moreover, the assignment of tasks to computing resources is dynamically evaluated at runtime, with the aim of maximizing performance when using the available resources. The proposed methodology has been applied to a video processing system as a test case. The results demonstrate the flexibility of the proposal by exploiting different heterogeneous platforms and design particularities of devices, leading to a significant performance improvement.This work has been funded by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades – Agencia Estatal de Investigacion/TEC2017-86722-C4-3-R, also under the FitOptiVis Project (ECSEL2017-1-737451), which is funded by the EU (H2020) and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades

Implementación de humedales de flujo superficial para el tratamiento secundario por biorremediación con Eichhornia crassipes y Microorganismos eficaces (EM) de aguas residuales de Curtiembre, Arequipa 2021

Los efluentes de curtiembres ubicadas en el Parque Industrial de Río Seco en Arequipa (PIRS), son complejos y causan la contaminación del agua, suelo y aire al ser descargados al ambiente sin tratamiento alguno amenazando la salud de los seres vivos. La presente investigación pretende determinar la efectividad de un sistema mixto de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la curtiembre Pacheco S.R.Ltda, que combina la capacidad fitorremediadora de Eichhornia crassipes y la biorremediación de Microorganismos Eficaces (EM) en dos concentraciones 10% y 20%, y en dos periodos de tratamiento de 30 y 45 días (biorremediación y fitorremediación) y, 37 y 52 días (biorremediación, fitorremediación y biorremediación). El estudio se realizó en condiciones de sombreadero utilizando un sistema piloto de humedades de flujo superficial. Se evaluaron los parámetros de Cromo Total, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxígeno (DBO5), Potencial de Hidrógeno (pH), Conductividad Eléctrica (C.E), Sólidos Totales Disueltos (STD), Salinidad, Temperatura (T°) y Coliformes Totales. Se encontró que el tratamiento mixto con Eichhornia crassipes y EMa, reduce significativamente el nivel de contaminantes. Esta eficiencia es mayor en el tratamiento de 20% de EMa registrándose 49% de remoción de Cr total, 100% de remoción de coliformes totales, 38% de disminución de la salinidad y 36% de remoción de STD en el periodo de 45 días de tratamiento. La aplicación de EMa después del tratamiento de fitorremediación, no presentó una significativa mejora en los niveles de reducción, por lo que inferimos que la concentración de 20% de EMa, junto a la exposición a E. crassipes y en un periodo de 45 días, permite reducir significativamente los contaminantes evaluados de las aguas residuales de curtiembre

Implementación de un plan de seguridad para reducir índices de accidentes en un proyecto de vivienda ubicado en zona de taludes rocosos, Lima 2021

La construcción es una de las actividades más importantes en la civilización actual, sin embargo, es un sector que llama la atención por los numero elevados de siniestralidad. Bajo esa premisa el objetivo de la presente es proponer un plan de seguridad para proyectos ubicados en taludes rocosos esto con el fin de reducir los riesgos en la construcción a través de una encuesta dirigida a los trabajadores de la empresa ConsCab Edificaciones la cual se escogió como muestra en la presente investigación . La investigación utilizada es de modelo teórico y aplicada, debido a las características de diseño no experimental, teniendo un enfoque tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo con un alcance descriptivo mediante la recolección y análisis de datos respondiendo a la pregunta planteada en la presente tesis. Como resultado se obtendrá el desarrollo de una propuesta de un plan de seguridad para la construcción de viviendas ubicadas en taludes rocosos del proyecto José Olaya a partir de los datos de la encuesta aplicada. Finalmente se concluye que la presente investigación puede ayudar a que se le preste una mayor atención al lugar de trabajo y a los peligros que rodean al proyecto, identificando los riesgos que representa cada actividad, y que para el desarrollo del plan de seguridad es necesario tener un buen manejo de la normativa nacional e internacional sobre Seguridad.Construction is one of the most important activities in today's civilization, however, it is a sector that attracts attention due to the high number of accidents. Under this premise, the objective of this is to propose a safety plan for projects located on rocky slopes, in order to reduce construction risks through a survey directed at the workers of the company ConsCab Edificaciones. The research used is of a theoretical and applied model, due to the non-experimental design characteristics, having both a qualitative and quantitative approach with a descriptive scope through the collection and analysis of data, answering the question posed in this thesis. As a result, the development of a proposal for a safety plan for the construction of houses located on rocky slopes of the José Olaya project will be obtained from the data of the applied survey. Finally, it is concluded that this research can help to pay more attention to the workplace and the dangers that surround the project, identifying the risks that each activity represents, and that for the development of the safety plan it is necessary to have a Good management of national and international regulations on Safety

A TRAF2 binding independent region of TNFR2 is responsibl for TRAF2 depletion and enhancement of cytotoxicity driven b TNFR1

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) interacts with two receptors known as TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNFR1 activation may result in either cell proliferation or cell death. TNFR2 activates Nuclear Factor-kappaB (NF-kB) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) which lead to transcriptional activation of genes related to cell proliferation and survival. This depends on the binding of TNF Receptor Associated Factor 2 (TRAF2) to the receptor. TNFR2 also induces TRAF2 degradation. In this work we have investigated the structural features of TNFR2 responsible for inducing TRAF2 degradation and have studied the biological consequences of this activity. We show that when TNFR1 and TNFR2 are co-expressed, TRAF2 depletion leads to an enhanced TNFR1 cytotoxicity which correlates with the inhibition of NF-kB. NF-kB activation and TRAF2 degradation depend of different regions of the receptor since TNFR2 mutants at amino acids 343-349 fail to induce TRAF2 degradation and have lost their ability to enhance TNFR1-mediated cell death but are still able to activate NF-kB. Moreover, whereas NF-kB activation requires TRAF2 binding to the receptor, TRAF2 degradation appears independent of TRAF2 binding. Thus, TNFR2 mutants unable to bind TRAF2 are still able to induce its degradation and to enhance TNFR1-mediated cytotoxicity. To test further this receptor crosstalk we have developed a system stably expressing in cells carrying only endogenous TNFR1 the chimeric receptor RANK-TNFR2, formed by the extracellular region of RANK (Receptor activator of NF-kB) and the intracellular region of TNFR2.This has made possible to study independently the signals triggered by TNFR1 and TNFR2. In these cells TNFR1 is selectively activated by soluble TNF (sTNF) while RANK-TNFR2 is selectively activated by RANKL. Treatment of these cells with sTNF and RANKL leads to an enhanced cytotoxicity