33 research outputs found

    The Model of Competency Development of Spa Operators

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    The objectives of the study were 1) to study the operating conditions of spa business management of the entrepreneurs 2) to study the components of competency of the spa operators, and 3) to improve the model of competency development of the spa operators. The samplings were both former and current 382 spa operators with business certification standard. The research instruments used were questionnaires with total reliability of 0.88. The statistics used were percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that 1) operating conditions for the spa business administration of spa business owners Entrepreneurs want to operate their business sustainably for a long term reputation, doing business must be honest. Sincere with customers, serious for working career There is a job learning and teaching work within the family. Have good communication with foreigners Sending language training to employees A mentoring system is applied as a system resulting from the relationship between experienced employees. Rather than with less experienced employees A mentor or a highly experienced mentor will serve as a mentor, mentor, and support for the development of work potential for employees who are inexperienced. Have a clear target audience Have knowledge of spa-related products Massage skills 2) The significance of components of the spa operators’ competency in general was at high level (= 4.22). When considered in each aspect, it was found that their competency was at high level on

    The Design of a Forecasting Support Models on Demand of Durian for Export Markets by Time Series and ANNs

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    Nowadays, Durian is the most important exported fruit of Thailand. The export value of durian is approximately 144.87 million USD per year and growing increasingly. The problem in this durian product has been oversupply since the product has been brought out into the market simultaneously; causing durian growers sell their product lower than cost price. In order to avoid the problem of durian exceeds the needs of consumers. Therefore, the objective of this research is to design the forecasting model of the demand of durian in export markets. This research is to find for forecasting demand of four kinds of durian: fresh durian, frozen durian, durian paste and durian chips in the next year. Firstly, applying Output models the four Time Series by Moving Average, Deseasonalised, Exponential Smoothing and Double Exponential Smoothing, secondly, applying Input models: Regression model and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) model. The forecast model which has the least value of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) is the most accurate forecast model. The results of Output models reveal that the most accurate forecast model is Deseasonalised model which gives the least value of MAPE in three kinds of durian: 1) durian paste at the percentage of 8.66, 2) frozen durian at the percentage of 9.78 and 3) fresh durian at the percentage of 19.24 while Input models reveal that the most accurate forecast model is Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) model gives the least value of MAPE of durian chips at the percentage of 29.76. After attaining the accurate forecasting model, this is applied with the Linear Programming (LP) model to assess the value of appropriate quantity for domestic and export markets of four kinds of durian for the maximum profit in the following year. The maximum profit quantity of each kinds of durian able to helpful to the durian growers are able to sales planning and processed durian that are the most profitable

    Considering Risk Associated with the Realization of Waste Management Investment Plans in Cracow

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    To fulfill obligations to the European Union on waste management, the authorities of the city of Cracow, decided to build a waste incineration plant. Such investment involves considerable risks, not only financial but also social. The paper conducted a risk analysis based on the index net present value, identifies factors which are particularly exposed, and proposes solutions for reducing its level

    āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āļ­āļ°āļĨāļđāļĄāļīāļ™āļēāļ—āđˆāļ­āļāļĨāļ§āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļŠāļĄāđ€āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđŒāļ­āļ°āļĨāļđāļĄāļīāļ™āļēāđāļĨāļ°āđāļĄāđˆāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāļ—āđˆāļ­āđāļāđ‰āļ§

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    Master of Science (Materials Science), 2023In this research, the effect of kaolin addition on the creation of pore size in the ceramic membrane support layer and understanding the mechanism of pore formation was investigated using kaolin particles at the amounts of different kaolin from 0-12 wt% (denoted as K0, K4, K5, and K12) combined with Al2O3-agar gelcasting mixture. The alumina slurry, clay, and agar solution were all made separately in the first stage. The mixture was then poured into the glass mold, where it formed into a tubular-shaped gel as the temperature decreased. The gel tube was then taken out of the mold after cooling up for 10 min. It was then submerged in acetone for 50 h. The results of based on the analysis of rheological and viscous behavior, resulting in a confirmed forming change of the state in the temperature range ~42-60 °C. All the membrane support tubes were formed of the mullite phase mainly, which was altered by the inclusion of kaolin particles and contained tiny amounts of quartz and cristobalite. Additionally, to having an impact adding kaolin can result in a larger pore distribution. When consolidated, gab had a pore size distribution that ranged from 0.03-0.2 Ξm. Moreover, the membrane ducts were under control within the porosity ratio and the bulk density was 34-46% and 2.0 to 2.4 g/cm3, and the resulting flexural green strength was between from 55 to 90 MPa. Furthermore, the flexural strength increased by 2 times with after strength between 629 and 4264 MPa under the specified conditions of sintering at 1350 °C and the water permeability was 40, 73, 1,280, and 12,987 L/m2.h, respectively. Thus, the membranes support K0, K4, K8, and K12 can be later used for the fabrication of asymmetric support membranes. In this, work is underway to deposit ultrafiltration membranes as well as support low-cost and environmentally friendly materials produced from kaolin. Thus, the membranes support K8 membrane supports can be used later for the production of asymmetrical support membranes. It depends on factors such as kaolin content, forming temperature, pore size, mechanical strength and water permeability performance. This work is underway to deposit ultrafiltration membranes as well as support low-cost and environmentally friendly materials produced from kaolin.āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ­āļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļēāļ§ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ”āļīāļĐāļāđŒāļ—āđˆāļ­āļ­āļ°āļĨāļđāļĄāļīāļ™āļēāđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĢāļđāļžāļĢāļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļąāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āđ€āļ‹āļĢāļēāļĄāļīāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđƒāļˆāļāļĨāđ„āļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ”āļĢāļđāļžāļĢāļļāļ™āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļ™āļļāļ āļēāļ„āļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļēāļ§āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆ 0-12 wt% (āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ K0, K4, K5, āđāļĨāļ° K12) āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļšāļŠāļēāļĢāļœāļŠāļĄāđ€āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđŒāđ€āļˆāļĨāđāļ„āļŠāļ•āļīāđ‰āļ‡ āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļĢāļāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļ­āļ°āļĨāļđāļĄāļīāļ™āļē, āļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļ”āļīāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļ§āļļāđ‰āļ™ āļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđāļĒāļāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļāļąāļ™ āļ–āļąāļ”āđ„āļ›āļ™āļģāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļœāļŠāļĄāđ€āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđŒāđ€āļˆāļĨāđāļ„āļŠāļ•āļīāđ‰āļ‡āļĄāļēāđ€āļ—āļĨāļ‡āđƒāļ™āđāļĄāđˆāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđāļ—āđˆāļ‡āđāļāđ‰āļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļĨāļ”āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āļĨāļēāļĒāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļˆāļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļĢāļđāļ›āļĢāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āđˆāļ­ āļˆāļēāļāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ™āļģāļ—āđˆāļ­āđ€āļˆāļĨāļ­āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāđāļĄāđˆāļžāļīāļĄāļžāđŒāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ—āļīāđ‰āļ‡āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē 10 āļ™āļēāļ—āļĩ āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđāļŠāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ­āļ°āļ‹āļīāđ‚āļ•āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļē 50 āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āđ‚āļĄāļ‡ āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļđāļ›āļ—āđˆāļ­āļ­āļ°āļĨāļđāļĄāļīāļ™āļēāđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāļĄāļĩāļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™ āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāļžāļĪāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ„āļŦāļĨāđāļšāļšāļĢāļĩāđ‚āļ­āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ™āļ·āļ” āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļ°āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļī ~42-60 °C āļ—āđˆāļ­āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŸāļŠāļĄāļąāļĨāđ„āļĨāļ—āđŒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ āļ„āļĢāļīāļŠāđ‚āļ•āļšāļēāđ„āļĨāļ—āđŒ āđāļĨāļ° āļ„āļ§āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ• āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļĒāđˆāļ­āļĒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ›āļĨāļ‡āđ€āļŸāļŠāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļˆāļļāļĨāļ āļēāļ„āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļēāļ§ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļĢāļļāļ‚āļĢāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļœāļīāļ§, āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĢāļđāļžāļĢāļļāļ™, āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāļ•āļąāļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ™āļļāļ āļēāļ„āļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļēāļ§āđƒāļ™āđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™, āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļāļĨ, āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļķāļĄāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģ āļ­āļēāļˆāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāļĢāļđāļžāļĢāļļāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ•āļīāļĄāļ‚āļēāļ§āļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļēāļ§āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™ āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āđ‚āļžāļĢāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļˆāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļĢāļđāļžāļĢāļļāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡ 0.03-0.2 Ξm āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļ­āļąāļ•āļĢāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļļāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ™āļēāđāļ™āđˆāļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš 34-46% āđāļĨāļ° 2.0 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 2.4 g/cm3 , āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļ”āļąāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđ€āļœāļēāļœāļ™āļķāļāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ 55 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 90 MPa āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļ”āļąāļ”āļĒāļąāļ‡āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ 2 āđ€āļ—āđˆāļē āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļœāļēāļœāļ™āļķāļāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡ 629 āļ–āļķāļ‡ 4264 MPa āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļēāļœāļ™āļķāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļī 1350 °C āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļķāļĄāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģāļĄāļĩāļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļāļąāļš 40, 73, 1,280, and 12,987 L/m2.h āļ•āļēāļĄāļĨāļģāļ”āļąāļš āļˆāļēāļāļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļ”āļĨāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ—āđˆāļ­āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™ K0, K4, K8, and K12 āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āđˆāļ­āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™ K8 āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ™āļģāđ„āļ›āđƒāļŠāđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļšāđāļšāļšāļ­āļŠāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļāļąāļšāļ›āļąāļˆāļˆāļąāļĒ āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļ›āļĢāļīāļĄāļēāļ“āļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ•āļīāļĄ, āļ­āļļāļ“āļŦāļ āļđāļĄāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļĢāļđāļ›, āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļđāļžāļĢāļļāļ™, āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļ‚āđ‡āļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļīāļ‡āļāļĨ āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ āļēāļžāļāļēāļĢāļ‹āļķāļĄāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āđ‰āļģ āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļ°āļŠāļĄāđ€āļĄāļĄāđ€āļšāļĢāļ™āļ­āļąāļĨāļ•āļĢāļēāļŸāļīāļĨāđ€āļ•āļĢāļŠāļąāļ™ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļ•āđˆāļģāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļīāļ•āļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āđāļ§āļ”āļĨāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļĨāļīāļ•āļˆāļēāļāļ”āļīāļ™āļ‚āļē

    Combined Electricity Production and Thermally Driven Cooling from Municipal Solid Waste

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    Increasingly intensive efforts are being made to enhance energy systems via augmented introduction of renewable energy along with improved energy efficiency. Resource constraints and sustained high fossil fuel prices have created a new phenomenon in the world market. Enhanced energy security and renewable energy development are currently high on public agenda worldwide for achieving a high standard of welfare for future generations. Biomass and municipal solid waste (MSW) have widely been accepted as important locally-available renewable energy sources offering low carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Concerning solid waste management, it has become a critical issue in Southeast Asia since the most popular form for waste disposal still employs open dumping and landfilling. While the need for a complete sustainable energy solution is apparent, solid waste management is also an essential objective, so it makes sense to explore ways in which the two can be joined. Electricity production in combination with energy recovery from flue gases in thermal treatment plants is an integral part of MSW management for many industrialized nations. In Sweden, MSW is considered as an important fuel resource for partially meeting EU environmental targets within cogeneration. However it is normally difficult to justify traditional cogeneration in tropical locations since there is little need for the heat produced. Similarly, MSW-fired cogeneration usually operates with low capacity during non-heating season in Sweden. Therefore, it is very important to find new alternatives for energy applications from waste, such as the implementation of thermally driven cooling processes via absorption cooling in addition to electricity production. The work presented herein concentrates first on an investigation of electricity generation from MSW power plants and various energy applications from waste in tropical urban areas. The potential for various types of absorption chillers driven by MSW power plants for providing both electricity and cooling is of particular interest. Additionally a demonstration and analysis of decentralized thermally driven cooling in district heating network supplied by low temperature heat from a cogeneration of MSW have been conducted. This study aims at developing the best system configuration as well as finding improved system design and control for a combination of district heating and distributed thermally driven cooling. Results show that MSW incineration has the ability to lessen environmental impacts associated with waste disposal, and it can contribute positively towards expanding biomass-based energy production in Southeast Asia. For electricity production, the proposed hybrid dual-fuel (MSW/natural gas) cycles feature attractive electrical efficiency improvements, leading to greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Cogeneration coupled with thermally driven cooling is a solution that holds promise for uniting enhanced sustainability with economic advantages. The system offers great opportunity for primary energy saving, increasing electrical yield and can significantly reduce CO2 emissions per unit of cooling as compared to compression chiller. The demonstration and simulation have also revealed that there is a potential with some modifications and improvements to employ decentralized thermally driven cooling in district heating networks even in temperate regions like Sweden. Thus, expanding cogeneration towards trigeneration can augment the energy supply for summer months in Europe and for year-round cooling in tropical locations.QC 2011040

    Trends in Asian and Western durian consumer behavior, attitudes, and motivations

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    Slutrapport fÃķr EU-projekt Polysmart P22374-1

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    Följande sammanfattar erfarenheterna inom projektet:- Besparing av primärenergi är väldigt beroende av ett fåtal faktorer där primärenergi faktor för generering av el till nätet är avgörande. I projektet använde man termen ”non-renewable primary energy” där förnybara källor som bioenergi och även sopförbränning har väldigt låga värden. Om man använder den europeiska mixen för elproduktion ger enbartkraftvärme nästan alltid besparing av primär energi. Det samma gäller system där man använder förnybar energi eller sopförbränning. För system med trigenerering som använder fossila bränslen måste man ha både hög andel elproduktion från kraftvärmeaggregatet och relativt hög COP för den värmedrivna kylmaskinen om man ska få en besparing av primärenergi.- Systemen är komplexa och man har lärt sig mycket inom projektet. Dock har man inte kommit så långt som standard systempaket.- Elförbrukning är oftast högre än förväntat och i verklighet högre än specificerat.- Värmesänkan i systemet är en nyckelkomponent som är kritiskt för bra systemprestanda. Mer FoU krävs för att få fram komponenter som lämpar sig väl till sådana system (och som skulle också gynna andra system).- Mätning av systemet med tillhörande analys har behövts för att förbättra systemprestanda, vilket är kopplat till att system är komplexa och att det inte fanns en grundläggande kompetens i början av projektet hos alla partners.- Lovande nischmarknader har identifierats men de kräver förmodligen paketlösningar som inte finns på marknaden än.- Man ska enbart täcka baslasten med trigenereringssystem.- Koppling med fjärrvärme kan fungera bra men leverantören måste acceptera relativt höga returtemperaturer

    The Design of a Forecasting Support Models on Demand of Durian for Domestic Markets and Export Markets by Time Series and ANNs.

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    āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ§āļīāļˆāļąāļĒ--āļĄāļŦāļēāļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĨāļąāļĒāđ€āļ—āļ„āđ‚āļ™āđ‚āļĨāļĒāļĩāļĢāļēāļŠāļĄāļ‡āļ„āļĨāļžāļĢāļ°āļ™āļ„āļĢ, 2553The objective of this research is to design forecasting support models on demand of durian for domestic markets and export markets for durian gardeners, durian entrepreneurs of domestic markets and export markets and the Office of Agricultural Economics to plan durian demand conforming with domestic markets and export markets because of Production and marketing main problems (The Agricultural Information Center, The office of Agricultural Economics: 2008) such as over - much durian production, during production capital increased , farmers' durian sold price tended to be lower and lower, inefficient domestic market management and more export but cheaper price, therefore, after that, to design forecasting for the purpose in order that durian would not be over demand which is containing factors of the demand of durian fresh, durian frozen, durian paste and durian chips for domestic markets and export markets exported to Asia, America, Australia and Africa. The research involves historical collection data in the period of 2002 to 2008. The basic of forecast models are the designed and improved models using an intelligent knowledge-based approach beginning Moving average Deseasonalized Exponential smoothing Double exponential smoothing and Artificial neural network (ANNs) program within the model of new value Creation and comparative accuracy models. The evaluation result of forecasting durian demand showed that lowest MAPE of Deseasonlized models at 3 month was durian fresh durian frozen and durian paste but durian chips showed that lowest MAPE of ANNs at 4 input 10 hidden layers and 1 output was high accurate forecasting and optimal models. The analysis, recommendations and error forecast of durian demand are also presented.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho
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