O ácido giberélico promove a superação da dormência de sementes de arroz e a formação de plântulas anormais

O arroz é uma das espécies que apresenta dormência após a colheita, podendo esta ser prolongada durante o armazenamento das sementes. Este trabalho teve por objetivo determinar se o ácido giberélico (GA3) é um promotor eficiente da superação de dormência em sementes de arroz e avaliar mudanças nas estruturas biológicas via histoquímica. A cultivar utilizada foi a SCS122 Miura submetida a 0 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1 e 1000 mg L-1 de GA3. Foram realizadas análises de germinação, viabilidade, comprimento de raiz, parte aérea e plântula, microscopia óptica do amido e quantificação dos açúcares solúveis totais. A utilização de 500 mg L-1 e 1000 mg L-1 de GA3 foi eficiente para a superação da dormência de sementes de arroz, reduzindo o percentual de sementes dormentes para 4% e 1% respectivamente. Apesar de reduzir o percentual dormência, a presença de GA3 provoca aumento do percentual de plântulas anormais, e por isso, nas concentrações utilizadas, não pode ser recomendado como método de superação em sementes de arroz. A microscopia óptica é eficiente para verificar que com a superação de dormência, ocorre a degradação dos grânulos de amido, aumentando a disponibilidade de açúcares solúveis totais para o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plântulas.Rice is one species that present dormancy after harvest and can be prolonged during seed storage. This work aimed to determine whether gibberellic acid (GA3) is an efficient promoter of dormancy-breaking in rice seeds and evaluate changes in biological structures via histochemistry. The cultivar used was SCS122 Miura submitted to 0 mg L-1, 500 mg L-1, and 1000 mg L-1 of GA3. Germination, viability, root, shoot and seedling length, starch optical microscopy, and quantification of total soluble sugars were performed. The use of 500 mg L-1 and 1000 mg L-1 of GA3 was efficient in dormancy-breaking rice seeds, reducing the percentage of dormant seeds to 4% and 1%, respectively. Despite lowering the dormancy percentage, the presence of GA3 causes an increase in the percentage of abnormal seedlings. Therefore, it cannot be recommended as a method of dormancy-breaking rice seeds at the concentrations used. Optical microscopy is efficient to verify that with the dormancy-breaking, the degradation of starch granules occurs, increasing the availability of total soluble sugars for the growth and development of seedlings

Metabolomics combined with chemometric tools (PCA, HCA, PLS-DA and SVM) for screening cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots during postharvest physiological deterioration

Cassava roots are an important source of dietary and industrial carbohydrates and suffer markedly from postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD). This paper deals with metabolomics combined with chemometric tools for screening the chemical and enzymatic composition in several genotypes of cassava roots during PPD. Metabolome analyses showed increases in carotenoids, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolics, reactive scavenging species, and enzymes (superoxide dismutase family, hydrogen peroxide, and catalase) until 3–5 days postharvest. PPD correlated negatively with phenolics and carotenoids and positively with anthocyanins and flavonoids. Chemometric tools such as principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, and support vector machines discriminated well cassava samples and enabled a good prediction of samples. Hierarchical clustering analyses grouped samples according to their levels of PPD and chemical compositions.We are thankful to PEC-PG ("Programa de Estudantes Convenio de Pos-Graduacao") coordinated by CAPES ("Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior") for fully-funded studentship. We are also grateful to Professor Bryan A. Hanson (DePauw University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Greencastle, Indiana, USA) for his valuable help in ChemoSpec package and R software data mining. Marcelo Maraschin thanks to CNPq for the research productivity fellowship

Carotenoid analysis of Cassava genotypes roots (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) cultivated in Southern Brazil using chemometric tools

Manihot esculenta roots rich in -carotene are an important staple food for populations with risk of vitamin A deficiency. Cassava genotypes with high pro-vitamin A activity have been identified as a strategy to reduce the prevalence of deficiency of this vitamin, In this study, the metabolomics characterization focusing on the carotenoid composition of ten cassava genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil by UV-visible scanning spectrophotometry and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography was performed. The data set was used for the construction of a descriptive model by chemometric analysis. The genotypes of yellow roots were clustered by the higher concentrations of cis--carotene and lutein. Inversely, cream roots genotypes were grouped precisely due to their lower concentrations of these pigments, as samples rich in lycopene differed among the studied genotypes. The analytical approach (UV-Vis, HPLC, and chemometrics) used showed to be efficient for understanding the chemodiversity of cassava genotypes, allowing to classify them according to important features for human health and nutrition.(undefined

UV-visible scanning spectrophotometry and chemometric analysis as tools for carotenoids analysis in cassava genotypes (Manihot esculenta Crantz)

In this study, the metabolomics characterization focusing on the carotenoid composition of ten cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes cultivated in southern Brazil by UV-visible scanning spectrophotometry and reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography was performed. Cassava roots rich in -carotene are an important staple food for populations with risk of vitamin A deficiency. Cassava genotypes with high pro-vitamin A activity have been identified as a strategy to reduce the prevalence of deficiency of this vitamin. The data set was used for the construction of a descriptive model by chemometric analysis. The genotypes of yellow-fleshed roots were clustered by the higher concentrations of cis--carotene and lutein. Inversely, cream-fleshed roots genotypes were grouped precisely due to their lower concentrations of these pigments, as samples rich in lycopene (redfleshed) differed among the studied genotypes. The analytical approach (UV-Vis, HPLC, and chemometrics) used showed to be efficient for understanding the chemodiversity of cassava genotypes, allowing to classify them according to important features for human health and nutrition.FAPESC (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina) and CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientıfico e Tecnologico) for financial support. The research fellowship from CNPq on behalf of the last author is acknowledged. The work is partially funded by Project PropMine, funded by the agreement between Portuguese FCT and Brazilian CNPq. The authors also thank the FCT Strategic Project of UID/BIO/04469/2013 uni

Data supporting the role of enzymes and polysaccharides during cassava postharvest physiological deterioration

This data article is referred to the research article entitled The role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration by Uarrota et al. (2015). Food Chemistry 197, Part A, 737746. The stress duo to PPD of cassava roots leads to the formation of ROS which are extremely harmful and accelerates cassava spoiling. To prevent or alleviate injuries from ROS, plants have evolved antioxidant systems that include non-enzymatic and enzymatic defence systems such as ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and polysaccharides. In this data article can be found a dataset called newdata, in RData format, with 60 observations and 06 variables. The first 02 variables (Samples and Cultivars) and the last 04, spectrophotometric data of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, tocopherol, total proteins and arcsined data of cassava PPD scoring. For further interpretation and analysis in R software, a report is also provided. Means of all variables and standard deviations are also provided in the Supplementary tables (data.long3.RData, data.long4.RData and meansEnzymes.RData), raw data of PPD scoring without transformation (PPDmeans.RData) and days of storage (days.RData) are also provided for data analysis reproducibility in R software.CNPq -Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológic

Toward better understanding of postharvest deterioration: biochemical changes in stored cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots

Food losses can occur during production, postharvest, and processing stages in the supply chain. With the onset of worldwide food shortages, interest in reducing postharvest losses in cassava has been increasing. In this research, the main goal was to evaluate biochemical changes and identify the metabolites involved in the deterioration of cassava roots. We found that high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), dry matter, and proteins are correlated with overall lower rates of deterioration. On the other hand, soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose, as well as organic acids, mainly, succinic acid, seem to be upregulated during storage and may play a role in the deterioration of cassava roots. Cultivar Branco (BRA) was most resilient to postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD), while Oriental (ORI) was the most susceptible. Our findings suggest that PPO, AsA, and proteins may play a distinct role in PPD delay.This work was supported by PEC-PG ("Programa de Estudantes Convenio de Pos-Graduacao") coordinated by CAPES ("Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior"), CNPq, TWAS-Fellowship for Advanced Research and Training (FR Number 3240268144) and CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture)

The role of ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, and polysaccharides in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots under postharvest physiological deterioration

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the role of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), polysaccharides, and protein contents associated with the early events of postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) in cassava roots. Increases in APX and GPX activity, as well as total protein contents occurred from 3 to 5 days of storage and were correlated with the delay of PPD. Cassava samples stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) highlighted the presence of starch and cellulose. Degradation of starch granules during PPD was also detected. Slight metachromatic reaction with toluidine blue is indicative of increasing of acidic polysaccharides and may play an important role in PPD delay. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified samples according to their levels of enzymatic activity based on the decision tree model which showed GPX and total protein amounts to be correlated with PPD. The Oriental (ORI) cultivar was more susceptible to PPD.This work was supported by PEC-PG ("Programa de Estudantes Convenio de Pos-Graduacao") coordinated by CAPES ("Coorde nacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior"). CNPq has provided a research fellowship to Marcelo Maraschin

Assessment of Yield Attributes and Industrial Quality Parameters of Oat Cultivars (Avena sativa L.) Using Multivariate Techniques (PCA, PLS-DA and OLS-R)

Triazoles and strobilurins group of fungicides have been reported to have dual properties (growth regulator and fungicide) and have been used to prevent the plant lodging. In this study four subsequent field experiments with oat cultivars with and without fungicide application were conducted from 2012 to 2015 aiming to find if fungicide application can improve some yield attributes and quality parameters of oats and find yield attributes that most affect the quality parameters of oats. Multivariate techniques were applied in other to find the most important variables that contribute to sample classification. Fungicide application has a role in reducing the plant stature of oat cultivars with consequent decreasing in lodging index of oat cultivars. Fungicide application reduces the plant stature and lodging index, contributing to best quality parameters of oats. Multivariate techniques (PCA, PLS-DA, OLS-R) were capable in finding the important variables that affect yield attributes and quality parameters and can be applied in a broad range of agricultural systems for predicting important aspects that affect plant growth and development

Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and the Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Bean Residual Press Cake on the Skin Wound Healing

The world coffee consumption has been growing for its appreciated taste and its beneficial effects on health. The residual biomass of coffee, originated in the food industry after oil extraction from coffee beans, called coffee beans residual press cake, has attracted interest as a source of compounds with antioxidant activity. This study investigated the chemical composition of aqueous extracts of coffee beans residual press cake (AE), their antioxidant activity, and the effect of topical application on the skin wound healing, in animal model, of hydrogels containing the AE, chlorogenic acid (CGA), allantoin (positive control), and carbopol (negative control). The treatments’ performance was compared by measuring the reduction of the wound area, with superior result (p<0.05) for the green coffee AE (78.20%) with respect to roasted coffee AE (53.71%), allantoin (70.83%), and carbopol (23.56%). CGA hydrogels reduced significantly the wound area size on the inflammatory phase, which may be associated with the well known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions of that compound. The topic use of the coffee AE studied improved the skin wound healing and points to an interesting biotechnological application of the coffee bean residual press cake