Induction of inflorescence by CCC application on primary shoots of grapevines

Repeated CCC application at 500 ppm under the conditions of extended lang days and lower temperature of about 20 °C specifically induced inflorescences in place of tendrils on extending primary shoots of young graftings or cuttings of Muscat of Alexandria grapes.Inflorescence formation in the winter buds was much greater at 30 °C than at 20 °C along the whole shoot. CCC application increased inflorescence formation remarkably at either temperature, the effect being more pronounced at 20 °C.Die Induktion von Infloreszenzen durch Behandlung der Haupttriebe von Reben mit CCCJunge Pfropfreben oder Stecklinge der Sorte Muskat von Alexandria, deren Haupttriebe sich im Streekungswachstum befanden, wurden wiederholt mit 500 ppm CCC behandelt. Hierdurch wurden im ausgedehnten Langtag und in einem niedrigeren Temperaturbereich (ca. 20 °C) anstelle von Ranken speziell Infloreszenzen induziert. Längs des ganzen Triebes wurden in den Winterknospen bei 30 °C (ohne CCC-Behandlung) viel mehr Infloreszenzen angelegt als bei 20 °C. Durch CCC wurde die Infloreszenzbildung in beiden Temperaturbereichen beträchtlich gefördert, wobei für 20 °C eine auffälligere Wirkung festzustellen war

Effect of abscisic acid and defoliation on anthocyanin accumulation in Kyoho grapes (Vitis vinifera L. x V. labruscana BAILEY)

In Kyoho grapes, ABA treatment at 1000 ppm in the beginning of ripening enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in the skin without any effect on the contents of soluble solids and titratable acids in the juice.By defoliation at veraison, anthocyanin synthesis was completely inhibited, and the soluble solids content in the juice and sugar levels in the skin became much less than those of the control. Furthermore, endogenous ABA levels in the skin and flesh did not increase throughout ripening period.On such defoliated vines, the berries recovered anthocyanin accumulation by ABA application.From these results, it will be assumed that ABA which accumulates in the skin is one of the main factors involved in the anthocyanin synthesis.Der Einfluß von Abscisinsäure und Entblätterung auf die Anthocyanakkumulation in Trauben der Rebsorte Kyoho (Vitis vinifera L. x V. labruscana BAILEY)Wurden Kyoho-Trauben zu Beginn der Beerenreife mit 1 000 ppm ABS behandelt, so war in den Beerenhäuten verstärkt Anthocyan angereichert, ohne daß Mostgewicht und tritierbare Säure des Beerensaftes irgendwie beeinflußt waren. Durch Entblätterung der Reben zur Zeit des Weichwerdens der Beeren wurde die Anthocyansynthese vollkommen unterdrückt, und das Mostgewicht des Beerensaftes wie auch die Zuckerkonzentration der Beerenhaut waren gegenüber der Kontrolle bedeutend verringert. Ferner nahm die Konzentration der endogenen ABS in Beerenhaut und -fleisch während der ganzen Reifeperiode nicht zu.Bei den entblätterten Reben setzte nach der Applikation von ABS die Anthocyanakkumulation in den Beeren wieder ein.Aus den vorliegenden Ergebnissen wird gefolgert, daß die Anreicherung von ABS in der Beerenhaut einer der Hauptfaktoren ist, die an der Anthocyansynthese beteiligt sind

Quasicontinuum γ\gamma-decay of 91,92^{91,92}Zr: benchmarking indirect (n,γn,\gamma) cross section measurements for the ss-process

Nuclear level densities (NLDs) and $\gamma$-ray strength functions ($\gamma$SFs) have been extracted from particle-$\gamma$ coincidences of the $^{92}$Zr($p,p' \gamma$)$^{92}$Zr and $^{92}$Zr($p,d \gamma$)$^{91}$Zr reactions using the Oslo method. The new $^{91,92}$Zr $\gamma$SF data, combined with photonuclear cross sections, cover the whole energy range from $E_{\gamma} \approx 1.5$~MeV up to the giant dipole resonance at $E_{\gamma} \approx 17$~MeV. The wide-range $\gamma$SF data display structures at $E_{\gamma} \approx 9.5$~MeV, compatible with a superposition of the spin-flip $M1$ resonance and a pygmy $E1$ resonance. Furthermore, the $\gamma$SF shows a minimum at $E_{\gamma} \approx 2-3$~MeV and an increase at lower $\gamma$-ray energies. The experimentally constrained NLDs and $\gamma$SFs are shown to reproduce known ($n, \gamma$) and Maxwellian-averaged cross sections for $^{91,92}$Zr using the {\sf TALYS} reaction code, thus serving as a benchmark for this indirect method of estimating ($n, \gamma$) cross sections for Zr isotopes.Comment: 10 pages and 9 figure

Subaru FOCAS Spectroscopic Observations of High-Redshift Supernovae

We present spectra of high-redshift supernovae (SNe) that were taken with the Subaru low resolution optical spectrograph, FOCAS. These SNe were found in SN surveys with Suprime-Cam on Subaru, the CFH12k camera on the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), and the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). These SN surveys specifically targeted z>1 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). From the spectra of 39 candidates, we obtain redshifts for 32 candidates and spectroscopically identify 7 active candidates as probable SNe Ia, including one at z=1.35, which is the most distant SN Ia to be spectroscopically confirmed with a ground-based telescope. An additional 4 candidates are identified as likely SNe Ia from the spectrophotometric properties of their host galaxies. Seven candidates are not SNe Ia, either being SNe of another type or active galactic nuclei. When SNe Ia are observed within a week of maximum light, we find that we can spectroscopically identify most of them up to z=1.1. Beyond this redshift, very few candidates were spectroscopically identified as SNe Ia. The current generation of super red-sensitive, fringe-free CCDs will push this redshift limit higher.Comment: 19 pages, 26 figures. PASJ in press. see http://www.supernova.lbl.gov/2009ClusterSurvey/ for additional information pertaining to the HST Cluster SN Surve

Photo-disintegration cross section measurements on 186^{186}W, 187^{187}Re and 188^{188}Os: Implications for the Re-Os cosmochronology

Cross sections of the $^{186}$W, $^{187}$Re, $^{188}$Os($\gamma,n$) reactions were measured using quasi-monochromatic photon beams from laser Compton scattering (LCS) with average energies from 7.3 to 10.9 MeV. The results are compared with the predictions of Hauser-Feshbach statistical calculations using four different sets of input parameters. In addition, the inverse neutron capture cross sections were evaluated by constraining the model parameters, especially the $E1$ strength function, on the basis of the experimental data. The present experiment helps to further constrain the correction factor $F_{\sigma}$ for the neutron capture on the 9.75 keV state in $^{187}$Os. Implications of $F_{\sigma}$ to the Re-Os cosmochronology are discussed with a focus on the uncertainty in the estimate of the age of the Galaxy.Comment: 11 page

Evidence for transfer followed by breakup in 7Li + 65Cu

The observation of a large cross-section for the alpha + d channel compared to breakup into the alpha + t channel from an exclusive measurement for the 7Li+65Cu system at 25 MeV is presented. A detailed analysis of the angular distribution using coupled channels Born approximation calculations has provided clear evidence that the observed alpha + d events arise from a two step process, i.e. direct transfer to the 2.186 MeV (3+) resonance in the alpha + d continuum of 6Li followed by breakup, and are not due to final state interaction effects.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, To be published in Phys. Letts.

Observation of thundercloud-related gamma rays and neutrons in Tibet

During the 2010 rainy season in Yangbajing (4300 m above sea level) in Tibet, China, a long-duration count enhancement associated with thunderclouds was detected by a solar-neutron telescope and neutron monitors installed at the Yangbajing Comic Ray Observatory. The event, lasting for ∼40  min, was observed on July 22, 2010. The solar-neutron telescope detected significant γ-ray signals with energies >40  MeV in the event. Such a prolonged high-energy event has never been observed in association with thunderclouds, clearly suggesting that electron acceleration lasts for 40 min in thunderclouds. In addition, Monte Carlo simulations showed that >10  MeV γ rays largely contribute to the neutron monitor signals, while >1  keV neutrons produced via a photonuclear reaction contribute relatively less to the signals. This result suggests that enhancements of neutron monitors during thunderstorms are not necessarily clear evidence for neutron production, as previously thought