USDA report on water and related land resources, Powder Drainage Basin, Oregon : based on a cooperative survey by the State Water Resources Board of Oregon and the United States Department of Agriculture : report

This report presents information concerning the water and related land resources of the Powder Drainage Basin. Its purpose is (1) to provide information on the past and present uses of water and related land resources; (2) to supply the production data from the use of these resources; (3) to assess the magnitude of water-related problems such as erosion, flooding, and drainage; (4) to indicate the probable direction of future use of water and land for agriculture and forestry in comparison to competing uses; and (5) to outline a general program for water and land resource management as a background for future detailed study and planning

Patent characteristics and patent ownership change in agricultural biotechnology

We examine the effect of various patent characteristics on changes in patent ownership that occurred due to mergers, acquisitions, and spin-offs in the agricultural biotechnology industry in the 1980s and 1990s. Our goal is to shed light on the role that certain patent qualities may play in the transfer of knowledge and technology that takes place through merger and acquisition activity. Specifically, we empirically measure the effect of patent value, scope/breadth, strength, and the nationality of the patent owner on the occurrence and frequency of patent ownership change in the agricultural biotechnology sector during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that the greater is the patent breadth and the less valuable and 'weaker' is the patent, the greater is the likelihood and the frequency of patent ownership change. Also, the nature of patent ownership affects patent ownership change, with patents owned by multiple owners of different nationalities most likely to change hands

Food Marketing Review, 1986

U.S. food marketing sales likely will reach an estimated $555 billion in 1986, with food and beverage sales of$485 billion and $70 billion in nonfood sales, 5 percent over 1985. Food marketing will continue to be the largest U.S. marketing system, accounting for about one-tenth of both U.S. employment and gross national product (GNP). The food marketing system's contribution to GNP will be nearly nine times the value of the U.S. farm system's food-related contribution. Food manufacturers, retailers, and wholesalers will rank first in sales among all manufacturers, retailers, and wholesalers. This report analyzes these and other developments in the U.S. food marketing system

Food Marketing Review, 1985

Sales in the U.S. food marketing system reached an estimated half a trillion dollars in 1985, a 3.5-percent real increase above 1984, compared with the 2.3-percent real increase in gross national product. The food marketing system comprised over 1 million firms in 1985 in food manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, and service. Only food service shows a long-term increase in total number of firms. Because the food marketing system benefits from a low-inflation economy which allows costs to be held down, 1985 was a stable year as farm prices fell and wages and marketing costs increased moderately. This report analyzes these and other developments, structural changes, and the outlook for the U.S. food marketing system