Chemical composition and FT-IR spectra of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibers obtained from different heights

This paper deals with the study on the effect of biological degradation to chemical composition and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) fibers obtained from different heights (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 m) of the sugar palm tree. It was observed that degradation that took place at the bottom part of the sugar palm trunk affected the chemical composition of its fiber. It was noticed that cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin contents increased with the increase of the tree height. A good correlation between chemical composition and mechanical properties of sugar palm fiber was found where cellulose, lignin, and hemicelluloses show a significant contribution to the increase in tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at break of the fiber, respectively. For the fibers obtained from higher height, it was observed that cellulose and hemicelluloses contents slightly decreased. High ash content for fibers obtained from 1 m height resulted in low moisture content and significant increase in its thermal stability. In FT-IR study, it was determined that the relative absorbance in sugar palm fibers was no different in all fibers

Pengaruh Diameter Katup Limbah dan Jarak antara Katup Limbah dengan Katup Penghantar terhadap Efisiensi Pompa Hidram

Abstrak Pompa hidram merupakan suatu solusi bagi daerah yang tidak memiliki pembangkit listrik di daerahnya, karena tidak membutuhkan energi listrik atau bahan bakar untuk mengangkat air dari tempat yang rendah ke tempat yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi pompa hidram dengan Perubahan diameter katup limbah dan jarak antara katup limbah . Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen dengan dimensi pompa yang digunakan adalah 2 inchi, memiliki diameter pipa pemasukan 2 inchi dan diameter pipa pengeluaran 1 inchi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa faktor perubahan diameter katup limbah dan jarak antara katup limbah dan katup penghantar berpengaruh pada efisiensi pompa. Efisiensi tertinggi dari hasil eksperimen pada pompa hidram pada diameter katup limbah 0.041 m dan jarak antara katup 0.130 m dengan efisiensi 79,7535 %  pada efisiensi D’Aubuission

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC NOSE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF AROMATIC HERBS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

In normal practice, herbs identification is done mainly by botanists. However, it is difficult for a botanist to recognize herbs based on aroma measurement for species under the same family because they may have almost the same aromas. Moreover, several factors might influence the accuracy of the human olfactory system as a sensory panel such as physical and mental conditions. Meanwhile, non-human factors might involve various experimental exercises that are timeconsuming, less efficient and costly. Therefore, a small portable electronic nose that is easy to operate is proposed in this research. The herb leaves were blended as a mechanism in sample preparation was found as a preeminent procedure to overcome the drawback of the existing system. The emphasis on the ability of proposed electronic nose enhance with herbs recognition algorithm in this project was to distinctive odour pattern of the herbs leaves from three families group. Two classification methods, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were used in order to investigate the performance of classification accuracy for this E-nose system. From the results, the developed E-Nose with both Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques had performed well in distinguishing twelves herbs species. However, E-nose with ANFIS gives 94.8% percentage of accuracy higher than E-nose with ANN as 91.7% of accuracy. As a conclusion, the proposed E-nose system with AI technique application can classify the aromatic herbs species successfully

DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC NOSE FOR CLASSIFICATION OF AROMATIC HERBS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT TECHNIQUES

In normal practice, herbs identification is done mainly by botanists. However, it is difficult for a botanist to recognize herbs based on aroma measurement for species under the same family because they may have almost the same aromas. Moreover, several factors might influence the accuracy of the human olfactory system as a sensory panel such as physical and mental conditions. Meanwhile, non-human factors might involve various experimental exercises that are timeconsuming, less efficient and costly. Therefore, a small portable electronic nose that is easy to operate is proposed in this research. The herb leaves were blended as a mechanism in sample preparation was found as a preeminent procedure to overcome the drawback of the existing system. The emphasis on the ability of proposed electronic nose enhance with herbs recognition algorithm in this project was to distinctive odour pattern of the herbs leaves from three families group. Two classification methods, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) were used in order to investigate the performance of classification accuracy for this E-nose system. From the results, the developed E-Nose with both Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques had performed well in distinguishing twelves herbs species. However, E-nose with ANFIS gives 94.8% percentage of accuracy higher than E-nose with ANN as 91.7% of accuracy. As a conclusion, the proposed E-nose system with AI technique application can classify the aromatic herbs species successfully

Partial discharge detection using low cost RTL-SDR model for wideband spectrum sensing

Partial discharge (PD) is one of the predominant factors to be controlled to ensure reliability and undisrupted functions of power generators, motors, Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) and grid connected power distribution equipment, especially in the future smart grid. The emergence of wireless technology has provided numerous opportunities to optimise remote monitoring and control facilities that can play a significant role in ensuring swift control and restoration of HV plant equipment. In order to monitor PD, several approaches have been employed, however, the existing schemes do not provide an optimal approach for PD signal analysis, and are very costly. In this paper an RTL-SDR (Software Defined Radio) based spectrum analyser has been proposed in order to provide a potentially low cost solution for PD detection and monitoring. Initially, a portable spectrum analyser has been used for PD detection that was later replaced by an RTL-SDR device. The proposed schemes exhibit promising results for spectral detection within the VHF and UHF band

Editor's choice : European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2020 clinical practice guidelines on the management of acute limb ischaemia

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Combined QCD and electroweak analysis of HERA data

A simultaneous fit of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and electroweak parameters to HERA data on deep inelastic scattering is presented. The input data are the neutral current and charged current inclusive cross sections which were previously used in the QCD analysis leading to the HERAPDF2.0 PDFs. In addition, the polarisation of the electron beam was taken into account for the ZEUS data recorded between 2004 and 2007. Results on the vector and axial-vector couplings of the Z boson to u- and d-type quarks, on the value of the electroweak mixing angle and the mass of the W boson are presented. The values obtained for the electroweak parameters are in agreement with Standard Model predictions.Comment: 32 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. D. Small corrections from proofing process and small change to Fig. 12 and Table

Limits on the effective quark radius from inclusive epep scattering at HERA

The high-precision HERA data allows searches up to TeV scales for Beyond the Standard Model contributions to electron-quark scattering. Combined measurements of the inclusive deep inelastic cross sections in neutral and charged current $ep$ scattering corresponding to a luminosity of around 1 fb$^{-1}$ have been used in this analysis. A new approach to the beyond the Standard Model analysis of the inclusive $ep$ data is presented; simultaneous fits of parton distribution functions together with contributions of "new physics" processes were performed. Results are presented considering a finite radius of quarks within the quark form-factor model. The resulting 95% C.L. upper limit on the effective quark radius is $0.43\cdot 10^{-16}$ cm.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Phys. Lett.