2,873 research outputs found
When Statutory Regimes Collide:Will Wisconsin Right to Life and Citizens United Invalidate Federal Tax Regulation of Campaign Activity?
In Federal Election Commission v. Wisconsin Right to Life (2007) and Citizens United v. Federal Elections Commission (2010), the United States Supreme Court dramatically reduced the ability of Congress to regulate campaign finance activities of corporations and others active in elections. Many of the same activities are still subject to restrictions by the Internal Revenue Code, which regulates the type and amount of political campaign activities that certain nonprofits exempt under federal tax law can engage in.
In the wake of the campaign finance decisions, the constitutionality of the tax law’s restrictions on campaign activity is now being challenged in the lower courts. This Article analyzes the two recent campaign finance decisions and campaign finance precedents more broadly to determine how, if at all, the Roberts’ Court’s campaign finance jurisprudence is likely to alter existing tax law jurisprudence in the area of campaign activity. It finds that, for the most part, tax law constitutional doctrines have developed independently of other areas of First Amendment free speech law. Based upon an analysis of the distinctive tax law doctrines, the Article concludes that the tax law provision prohibiting section 501(c)(3) charities from engaging in campaigns is likely to withstand challenges arguing that the provision prevents these nonprofits from engaging in protected political speech. However, there is some likelihood that the tax law prohibition is vulnerable to constitutional attack under traditional doctrines of vagueness or overbreadth due to the lack of precision of the terms of the political prohibition, as these have been elaborated by the IRS and the courts to date
S-particles at their naturalness limits
We draw attention on a particular configuration of supersymmetric particle
masses, motivated by naturalness and flavour considerations. All its relevant
phenomenological properties for the LHC are described in terms of a few
physical parameters, irrespective of the underlying theoretical model. This
allows a simple characterization of its main features, useful to define a
strategy for its discovery.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, added reference
Representations of the discrete inhomogeneous Lorentz group and Dirac wave equation on the lattice
We propose the fundamental and two dimensional representation of the Lorentz
groups on a (3+1)-dimensional hypercubic lattice, from which representations of
higher dimensions can be constructed. For the unitary representation of the
discrete translation group we use the kernel of the Fourier transform. From the
Dirac representation of the Lorentz group (including reflections) we derive in
a natural way the wave equation on the lattice for spin 1/2 particles. Finally
the induced representation of the discrete inhomogeneous Lorentz group is
constructed by standard methods and its connection with the continuous case is
discussed.Comment: LaTeX, 20 pages, 1 eps figure, uses iopconf.sty (late submission
Phase separation in systems with absorbing states
We study the problem of phase separation in systems with a positive definite
order parameter, and in particular, in systems with absorbing states. Owing to
the presence of a single minimum in the free energy driving the relaxation
kinetics, there are some basic properties differing from standard phase
separation. We study analytically and numerically this class of systems; in
particular we determine the phase diagram, the growth laws in one and two
dimensions and the presence of scale invariance. Some applications are also
discussed.Comment: Submitted to Europhysics Let
The Significance of National Wildlife Refuges in the Development of U.S. Conservation Policy
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