Determination Methods of Food Fibers Characteristics in Milk Mixtures with the Modified Fat Composition

The article presents main determination methods of technological parameters of food fibers in milk mixtures of the modified fat composition.The methods of studying the ability of food fibers to water and fat-absorption are offered. The values that characterize swelling parameters of vegetable ingredients in experimental mixtures are obtained.The effectiveness of the method of IR-spectroscopy for indentifying and comparing water-binding forms in mixtures of food fibers with water and butterdish is proved.The indices of thermal stability and degree of liquid fat outflow for mixtures with the modified fat composition with the maximal replacement of cream butter by 25 % of oil are obtained. The research results indicate objective possibilities for the effective use of food fibers Vicetal for stabilizing the structure and preventing consistence defects of products with the modified fat composition

Determination Methods Of Defrosted Protein-vegetable Mixtures Parameters Development

The aim of the work is to develop methods of investigating the influence of semolina and extruded semolina on quality and quantity parameters of mixtures with milk-protein concentrates in a cycle of freezing-defrost that allows to substantiate resource-saving in semi-products manufacturing.Obtained results of changes of the quality of protein-vegetable mixtures after the effect of negative temperatures confirm cryo-protective properties of carbohydrates of products of wheat processing.There were studied methods of extracting proteins of whey for getting albumin mass and using in the composition of milk-protein concentrates. It was established, that adding collagen-containing ingredients in amount 0,4 % for intensifying thermal coagulation of whey proteins decreases the duration of precipitation to (55±2) and (40±2) min respectively depending on a type of raw material processing. There were studied both native whey and protein concentrate, obtained by the method of ultra-filtration with mass share of dry substances (16±2) %.The method of thermal analysis determined a cryoscopic temperature of sour-milk fatless cheese and also albumin mass, obtained using «Collagen pro 4402». The calculation method, based on cryoscopic temperature indices determined an amount of moisture, frozen out in milk-whey mixtures with wheat processing products. The presented information is enough for estimating traditional modes of freezing milk-protein concentrates objectively.The obtained results of the studies indicate the effectiveness of the offered methods for determining parameters of protein-vegetable mixtures after defrosting. Measurements of quality parameters may be used for correcting mass losses of concentrates effectively

ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ КОНСТРУКТИВНИХ ПАРАМЕТРІВ АВТОТРАНСФОРМАТОРІВ В СХЕМІ ПЛАВЛЕННЯ ОЖЕЛЕДІ З БЕЗІНДУКТИВНИМ КОНТУРОМ НА ПОВІТРЯНИХ ЛІНІЯХ ЕЛЕКТРОПЕРЕДАЧ 6-10 КВ

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to determine the basic electrical characteristics and to develop a calculation method and algorithm for optimizing the design parameters of autotransformers intended for use in a melting ice scheme with a non-inductive circuit on 6-10 kV overhead power lines. Methodology. The development of the technical and economic model and the method for calculation of the design parameters of the autotransformer for melting ice is performed on the basis of a systematic approach. Optimization of structural characteristics of autotransformers is carried out using a combined algorithm based on the spatial grid method, adapted to the case of a mixed space of discrete and continuous independent variables, and the specifics of the technical and economic model of the autotransformer. The proposed combined optimization algorithm is implemented in the Delphi environment. Results. Based on the required specific melting power, the main electrical characteristics of autotransformers intended for use in the melting ice scheme with a non-inductive circuit on 6-10 kV overhead lines, which were the basis for optimizing their design parameters, have been calculated. The technical and economical model of autotransformer for melting ice, which is defined by nine independent variables and describes its cost and technical parameters, is developed. On the basis of the obtained electrical characteristics, optimization of the design parameters of a series of autotransformers is carried out, which includes three standard sizes, differing in maximum length of the transmission line. Originality. A method of calculation of structural parameters of autotransformers for ice melting is proposed, the peculiarity of which is the use of the criterion of the minimum of the cost of the active part and taking into account the conditioned by the circuit of connection of the autotransformers the technical restrictions of errors on the value and angle of secondary current, which are important from the point of view of ensuring the permissible deviation of the specific power of melting ice. Practical value. Optimal correlations of geometrical sizes and electromagnetic loads of autotransformers for ice melting, their cost indicators, as well as the main design characteristics of the magnetic circuit and windings are established. Results of design calculation of autotransformers are sufficient for introduction of their serial production in industrial conditions. Мета. Метою статті є визначення електричних характеристик та розроблення методу розрахунку і алгоритму оптимізації конструктивних параметрів автотрансформаторів, призначених для використання в схемі плавлення ожеледі з безіндуктивним контуром на повітряних лініях електропередач 6-10 кВ. Методологія. Розроблення техніко-економічної моделі та методу розрахунку конструктивних параметрів автотрансформатора плавлення ожеледі виконано на засадах системного підходу. Оптимізація конструкції автотрансформаторів плавлення ожеледі проведена з використанням комбінованого алгоритму на основі методу просторової сітки. Результати. Одержано електричні характеристики та оптимізовано конструктивні параметри серії автотрансформаторів, призначених для використання в схемі плавлення ожеледі з безіндуктивним контуром на повітряних лініях електропередач 6-10 кВ. Наукова новизна. Запропоновано метод розрахунку конструктивних параметрів автотрансформаторів плавлення ожеледі, особливістю якого є використання критерію мінімуму вартості активної частини та врахування зумовлених схемою вмикання автотрансформаторів технічних обмежень похибок за величиною та кутом вторинного струму. Практичне значення. Результати конструктивного розрахунку автотрансформаторів плавлення ожеледі є достатніми для впровадження їх серійного виробництва в промислових умовах.

The role of skin grafting in reconstructive surgery

Цель исследования: Определить роль кожной пластики в реконструктивновосстановительной хирургии. Основные результаты и выводы. Неосложненное послеоперационное течение после пластических вмешательств, хорошие эстетические и функциональные результаты констатированы нами в 95,1% наблюдений. Осложнения отмечены в 4,9% наблюдений: нагноение раны под трансплантатом – 1,3%, некрозы лоскутов при свободных видах пластики – 2,1%, отторжение трансплантатов – 1,5%, из них 0,7% при пластике расщепленным лоскутом и 0,2% при полнослойной кожной пластике. Повторное пластическое закрытие ран было выполнено в 3,3% случаев. Осложнений после повторных операций не было. Активная хирургическая тактика лечения обширных тканевых дефектов с использованием различных видов пластического закрытия ран позволяет значительно сократить сроки стационарного лечения, улучшить функциональные и эстетические результаты, снизить количество повторных операций и избежать калечащих вмешательств.Мета дослідження: визначити роль шкірної пластики в реконструктивно-відновній хірургії. Основні результати та висновки. Неускладнений післяопераційний перебіг після пластичних втручань, хороші эстетичні і функциональні результати констатовані нами в 95,1% спостережень. Ускладнення відмічені відмічені в 4,9% спостережень: нагноєння рани під трансплантатом – 1,3%, некрози лоскутів при вільних видах пластики – 2,1%, відторгнення трансплантатів – 1,5%, з них 0,7% при пластиці розщепленим лоскутом і 0,2% при повношаровій шкірній пластиці. Повторне пластичне закриття ран було выконано в 3,3% випадків. Ускладнень після повторних операцій не було. Активна хірургічна тактика лікування обширних дефектів з використанням різних видів пластичного закриття ран дозволяє значно скоротити терміни стаціонарного лікування, покращити функціональні та естетичні результати, знизити кількість повторних операцій.Objective: to determine the role of skin grafting in reconstructive surgery. The main results and conclusions. Uncomplicated postoperative period after plastic surgery, good aesthetic and functional results stated by us in 95,1% of cases. Noted complications were noted in 4,9% of cases: wound infection under the graft – 1,3%, necrosis of the flaps at free types of plastics – 2.1%, rejection of organ transplants is 1.5%, of which 0.7 percent in the case of plastic flap split and 0.2% at pouroshova skin grafting. Secondary plastic closure of wounds was wykonano in 3.3% of cases. Complications after re-operations were not. Active surgical tactics of treatment of extensive defects using various types of plastic wound closure can significantly reduce the time of hospital treatment, to improve functional and aesthetic results, reduce the number of repeat operations

Occupational physical activity and risk for prostate cancer in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden

We investigated effects of occupational physical activity on relative risk for prostate cancer. From Swedish nationwide censuses in 1960 and 1970, we defined two cohorts of men whose occupational titles allowed classification of physical activity levels at work in 1960 (n=1 348 971) and in 1970 (n=1 377 629). A third cohort included only men whose jobs required a similar level of physical activity in both 1960 and 1970 (n=673 443). The incidence of prostate cancer between 1971 and 1989 was ascertained through record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. A total of 43 836, 28 702, and 19 670 prostate cancers, respectively, occurred in the three cohorts. In all three cohorts, the relative risk for prostate cancer increased with decreasing level of occupational physical activity (P<0.001), using Poisson regression. Among men with the same physical activity levels in 1960 and 1970, the rate ratio was 1.11 for men with sedentary jobs as compared with those whose jobs had very high/high activity levels after adjustment for age at follow-up, calendar year of follow-up and place of residence (95% CI 1.05–1.17; P for trend <0.001). There was no association between occupational activity and prostate cancer mortality. Since we had no data on other potential risk factors the observed associations for both incidence and mortality might have been confounded. Further studies are needed to better understand the potential role of physical activity for prostate cancer

Performance of the Electromagnetic Pixel Calorimeter Prototype EPICAL-2

The first evaluation of an ultra-high granularity digital electromagnetic calorimeter prototype using 1.0-5.8 GeV/c electrons is presented. The $25\times10^6$ pixel detector consists of 24 layers of ALPIDE CMOS MAPS sensors, with a pitch of around 30~$\mu$m, and has a depth of almost 20 radiation lengths of tungsten absorber. Ultra-thin cables allow for a very compact design. The properties that are critical for physics studies are measured: electromagnetic shower response, energy resolution and linearity. The stochastic energy resolution is comparable with the state-of-the art resolution for a Si-W calorimeter, with data described well by a simulation model using GEANT and Allpix$^2$. The performance achieved makes this technology a good candidate for use in the ALICE FoCal upgrade, and in general demonstrates the strong potential for future applications in high-energy physics.Comment: 30 pages, 19 figures, submitted to JINS

Acute physiological stress down-regulates mRNA expressions of growth-related genes in coho salmon

Growth and development in fish are regulated to a major extent by growth-related factors, such as liver-derived insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -1 in response to pituitary-secreted growth hormone (GH) binding to the GH receptor (GHR). Here, we report on the changes in the expressions of gh, ghr, and igf1 genes and the circulating levels of GH and IGF-1 proteins in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in response to handling as an acute physiological stressor. Plasma GH levels were not significantly different between stressed fish and prestressed control. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations in stressed fish 1.5 h post-stress were the same as in control fish, but levels in stressed fish decreased significantly 16 h post-stress. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that ghr mRNA levels in pituitary, liver, and muscle decreased gradually in response to the stressor. After exposure to stress, hepatic igf1 expression transiently increased, whereas levels decreased 16 h post-stress. On the other hand, the pituitary gh mRNA level did not change in response to the stressor. These observations indicate that expression of gh, ghr, and igf1 responded differently to stress. Our results show that acute physiological stress can mainly down-regulate the expressions of growth-related genes in coho salmon in vivo. This study also suggests that a relationship between the neuroendocrine stress response and growth-related factors exists in fish.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

Performance of the electromagnetic and hadronic prototype segments of the ALICE Forward Calorimeter

We present the performance of a full-length prototype of the ALICE Forward Calorimeter (FoCal). The detector is composed of a silicon-tungsten electromagnetic sampling calorimeter with longitudinal and transverse segmentation (FoCal-E) of about 20$X_0$ and a hadronic copper-scintillating-fiber calorimeter (FoCal-H) of about 5$\lambda_{\rm int}$. The data were taken between 2021 and 2023 at the CERN PS and SPS beam lines with hadron (electron) beams up to energies of 350 (300) GeV. Regarding FoCal-E, we report a comprehensive analysis of its response to minimum ionizing particles across all pad layers. The longitudinal shower profile of electromagnetic showers is measured with a layer-wise segmentation of 1$X_0$. As a projection to the performance of the final detector in electromagnetic showers, we demonstrate linearity in the full energy range, and show that the energy resolution fulfills the requirements for the physics needs. Additionally, the performance to separate two-showers events was studied by quantifying the transverse shower width. Regarding FoCal-H, we report a detailed analysis of the response to hadron beams between 60 and 350 GeV. The results are compared to simulations obtained with a Geant4 model of the test beam setup, which in particular for FoCal-E are in good agreement with the data. The energy resolution of FoCal-E was found to be lower than 3% at energies larger than 100 GeV. The response of FoCal-H to hadron beams was found to be linear, albeit with a significant intercept that is about factor 2 larger than in simulations. Its resolution, which is non-Gaussian and generally larger than in simulations, was quantified using the FWHM, and decreases from about 16% at 100 GeV to about 11% at 350 GeV. The discrepancy to simulations, which is particularly evident at low hadron energies, needs to be further investigated.Comment: 55 pages (without acronyms), 45 captioned figure

Граматики слов'янської правильности синтагма (переклад із церковнослов'янської)

У виданні перекладено перший розділ «Граматики слов’янської» видатного українського полеміста, мовознавця, випускника Острозької академії Мелетія Смотрицького. До середини XVIII ст. вона була єдиним підручником із граматики в Україні, Московії та Білорусі й мала потужний вплив на мовознавство всіх слов’янських народів

The Bergen proton CT system

The Bergen proton Computed Tomography (pCT) is a prototype detector under construction. It aims to have the capability to track and measure ions’ energy deposition to minimize uncertainty in proton treatment planning. It is a high granularity digital tracking calorimeter, where the first two layers will act as tracking layers to obtain positional information of the incoming particle. The remainder of the detector will act as a calorimeter. Beam tests have been performed with multiple beams. These tests have shown that the ALPIDE chip sensor can measure the deposited energy, making it possible for the sensors to distinguish between the tracks in the Digital Tracking Calorimeter (DTC)