65 research outputs found
Surface Modification of Titanium Dental Implants by Excimer Laser
The perfect osseointegration process of the dental implants depends among other factors on the surfact characteristics of the titanium. In this study enlarged mechanical roughness was produced by a laser-based technique, in order to decrease the healing period of the implant. There are different ways of forming laser induced surface
structures. In the case of mask projection techniques the surface can be modified in larger areas and surface patterns. An ArF nanosecond excimer laser was used in the experiments because of the advantageous properties of the excimer beams. Effective polishing by homogeneous laser illumination in the 3-5 J/cm2 fluence range was performed as confirmed by SEM and AFM studies. Holes of about
20 mm diameter and 10 mm in depth, with high aspect ratio and protrusions around the edges were ablated into the titanium surface with subsequent pulses of ns ArF excimer laser. To avoid easily breakable protrusions we applied excimer pulse durations of 0.5 picoseconds. In this case we obtained melting- and ridge-free ablation of titanium. The laser treatment influenced the chemical composition of the surface in two respects. On the one hand it
removed carbonaceous contamination as indicated by XPS and XRD measurements, demonstrating that cleaning of the surface does not alter the original crystalline structure. On the other hand, XPS measurements proved that pulsed laser oxidation in air increased the thickness of the surface oxide layer, promoting better osseointegration
GATE : a simulation toolkit for PET and SPECT
Monte Carlo simulation is an essential tool in emission tomography that can
assist in the design of new medical imaging devices, the optimization of
acquisition protocols, and the development or assessment of image
reconstruction algorithms and correction techniques. GATE, the Geant4
Application for Tomographic Emission, encapsulates the Geant4 libraries to
achieve a modular, versatile, scripted simulation toolkit adapted to the field
of nuclear medicine. In particular, GATE allows the description of
time-dependent phenomena such as source or detector movement, and source decay
kinetics. This feature makes it possible to simulate time curves under
realistic acquisition conditions and to test dynamic reconstruction algorithms.
A public release of GATE licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License
can be downloaded at the address http://www-lphe.epfl.ch/GATE/
Control of the beam-internal target interaction at the nuclotron by means of light radiation
Abstract The light radiation from various internal targets at the nuclotron can be utilized for the operative control and time optimization of the interaction intensity of the beam. The examples presented in the paper illustrate information about the space characteristics of the circulating beam during one cycle of the accelerator run at the stages of injection, acceleration and during the physical experiments, respectively
The High-Acceptance Dielectron Spectrometer HADES
HADES is a versatile magnetic spectrometer aimed at studying dielectron
production in pion, proton and heavy-ion induced collisions. Its main features
include a ring imaging gas Cherenkov detector for electron-hadron
discrimination, a tracking system consisting of a set of 6 superconducting
coils producing a toroidal field and drift chambers and a multiplicity and
electron trigger array for additional electron-hadron discrimination and event
characterization. A two-stage trigger system enhances events containing
electrons. The physics program is focused on the investigation of hadron
properties in nuclei and in the hot and dense hadronic matter. The detector
system is characterized by an 85% azimuthal coverage over a polar angle
interval from 18 to 85 degree, a single electron efficiency of 50% and a vector
meson mass resolution of 2.5%. Identification of pions, kaons and protons is
achieved combining time-of-flight and energy loss measurements over a large
momentum range. This paper describes the main features and the performance of
the detector system
HADES experiment: di-lepton spectroscopy in p + p (2.2 GeV) and C+C (1 and 2 A GeV) collisions
The HADES (High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer) is a tool designed for lepton pair (e+e−) spectroscopy in pion, proton and heavy ion induced reactions in the 1–2AGeV energy range. One of the goals of the HADES experiment is to study in-medium modifications of hadron properties like effective masses, decay widths, electromagnetic form factors etc. Such effects can be probed with vector mesons ( ρ,ω,ɸ ) decaying into e+e− channel. The identification of vector mesons by means of a HADES spectrometer is based on invariant mass reconstruction of e+e− pairs. The combined information from all spectrometer sub-detectors is used to reconstruct the di-lepton signal. The recent results from 2.2GeV p + p, 1AGeV and 2AGeV C+C experiments are presented.Diaz Medina, Jose, [email protected]
Creation of the precision magnetic spectrometer SCAN-3
The new JINR project [1] is aimed at studies of highly excited nuclear matter created in nuclei by a high-energy deuteron beam. The matter is studied through observation of its particular decay products - pairs of energetic particles with a wide opening angle, close to 180°. The new precision hybrid magnetic spectrometer SCAN-3 is to be built for detecting charged (π±, K±, p) and neutral (n) particles produced at the JINR Nuclotron internal target in dA collisions. One of the main and complex tasks is a study of low-energy ηA interaction and a search for η-bound states (η-mesic nuclei). Basic elements of the spectrometer and its characteristics are discussed in the article
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