Global trends in educational inequality

Whereas the dramatic expansion of education worldwide has been widely documented, educational inequality has received far less attention. Studies that have looked at inequality in education mostly employ the same dataset, and are based on relatively coarse educational categories. We aim to replicate and improve on earlier estimates of inequality by using a newly compiled dataset on years of education. For that purpose, we assembled a large dataset from comparable sources: the census micro-data samples from the IPUMS project, the Demographic and Health Surveys, the European Social Surveys and the International Social Survey Programme. Our database consists of 153 census samples and 1011 household surveys covering 126 countries from the period 1960-2014. Results suggest that educational inequality has been declining consistently across the globe, that variation within countries is a larger source of inequality than variation between countries, and that tertiary education is slowly gaining in importance as a generator of inequality

Living Alone over the Life Course : Cross-National Variations on an Emerging Issue

The increasing proportion of persons living alone has come to be emblematic in many ways of modern Western societies because it represents the importance conceded to the individual and to individual goals at the expense, basically, of the family. Solo living has been interpreted within the context of changing values and preferences, changing personal and conjugal realities, and the changing work contexts so often associated with the Second Demographic Transition. We know little about patterns and trends in living alone over the life course in much of the world because most research to date has concentrated on regional and national portrayals or on living arrangements in later life. This study provides a systematic look at the differences in living alone by age and sex in 113 countries. Our aim is to understand the extent to which behavior differs around the world and the implications this has for society. We also examine the relationship between trends in living alone and levels of human development. Results are taken from three massive datasets: census and survey microdata from IPUMS-international, Demographic Health Surveys, and EU-Labor Force Surveys

Geografía de la unión libre en América Latina y el Caribe a comienzos del siglo XXI

La unión libre ha formado parte de los sistemas nupciales de América Latina desde tiempos coloniales aunque su práctica ha estado históricamente más extendida en unas regiones que en otras. La mayoría de trabajos que aportan datos sobre las características de este tipo de unión en América Latina lo hacen a escala nacional y son pocos los que han abordado esta cuestión a una escala más detallada. Este estudio moviliza más de 550 millones de registros individuales procedentes de los últimos datos censales publicados de 38 países de América Latina y el Caribe (2001-2012). En total se analizan los datos correspondientes a 17.000 unidades administrativas. El trabajo hace uso intensivo de los sistemas de información geográfica para gestionar la información, examinar la consistencia de los indicadores en áreas pequeñas, e identificar las áreas de influencia territorial de la unión libre y examinar la homogeneidad interna de los países

Explorador Social : la dada feta realitat

Les administracions públiques produeixen i publiquen regularment grans volums d'informació en forma de dades empíriques desagregades a diferents escales territorials. Malgrat això, l'accés a aquesta informació està limitat per la dispersió de les dades en diferents repositoris, la diversitat de formats i la disparitat de modalitats d'accés. Des del Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics (CED) hem impulsat un projecte per recopilar, harmonitzar i difondre dades geo-referenciades actuals i històriques sobre diferents temàtiques (ex. demografia, economia, política, medi ambient, societat). En aquest número de Perspectives Demogràfiques presentem l'Explorador Social: una infraestructura de dades per a les ciències socials creada per promoure i facilitar l'accés a la informació i, en darrera instància, explorar la realitat i el canvi social de la població espanyola, mitjançant la cartografia i la quantificació estadística. La plataforma es dirigeix principalment a la comunitat educativa i científica, a l'administració pública, al sector privat, als mitjans de comunicació i al públic en general.Las administraciones públicas producen y publican regularmente volúmenes cuantiosos de información en forma de datos empíricos desagregados a distintas escalas territoriales. Sin embargo, el acceso a esta información está limitado por la dispersión de los datos en distintos repositorios, la diversidad de formatos y la disparidad de modalidades de acceso. Desde el Centro de Estudios Demográficos (CED) hemos impulsado un proyecto para recopilar, armonizar y difundir datos geo-referenciados presentes e históricos sobre distintas temáticas (ej. demografía, economía, política, medio ambiente, sociedad). En este número de Perspectives Demogràfiques presentamos el Explorador Social: una infraestructura de datos para las ciencias sociales creada para promover y facilitar el acceso a la información y, en última instancia, explorar la realidad y el cambio social de la población española mediante la cartografía y la cuantificación estadística. La plataforma se dirige principalmente a la comunidad educativa y científica, a la administración pública, al sector privado, a los medios de comunicación y al público en general

Palaeoenvironmental changes in the Iberian central system during the Late-glacial and Holocene as inferred from geochemical data: A case study of the Navamuño depression in western Spain

The Iberian Central System (ICS) is a clue region to reveal Mediterranean/Atlantic inferences over Iberia. We present a multidisciplinary study from western Spain conducted in the Navamuno ˜ depression (ND), covering the last 16.8 ka (cal BP). A reconstruction of the palaeotemperature from the resulting geochemical data highlights four cold and dry intervals, namely, the Oldest Dryas, Older Dryas, Intra-Allerød Cold Period (IACP), and the Younger Dryas, along with warmer intervals: the Bølling (14.7–14 ka) and the Allerød (12.9–12.6 ka); however, the Greenland Interstadial GI-1c (13.4–13.1 ka) is barely distinguishable in the ND. Despite the shortage of biomass to sustain fire, the earliest charcoals are from ~14.4–13.8 ka. Evidence of ash/dust events overprinting the geochemical background starts at ~13.8–12.8 ka. Significant fire activity in the Early Holocene at ~11.7–10.6 ka affected the ND, matching the westernmost ICS data. This period includes short oceanic spells inferred from Cl peaks at ~10.9–10.2 ka and three cold intervals at 11.4, 9.3, and 8.2 ka disrupted the progressive temperature increase. The Mid-Holocene showed a continuously increasing trend towards an arid climate, peaking at 4.2 ka under a pervasive dust influx from North Africa, which has prevailed since almost ~7.9 ka. A prominent volcanic event at ~6.8–5.8 ka is in Navamuno ˜ and Ronanzas ˜ (Asturias, N Spain; Gallego et al., 2013) identified from heavy metal-rich layer, synchronous with the last known eruption of the Calatrava volcanic field (South-Central Spain; Poblete-Piedrabuena et al., 2019). This volcanic eruption could affect many other regions half north of Iberia. The pervasive presence of oceanic aerosols in the last three millennia (2.8 ka ~ ) allowed the formation of a Cl-rich peat layer during the Ibero-Roman humid period ~2.1 ka, before a changing around ~0.4 ka toward colder and drier conditions at the Little Ice Age (LIA) periodThis study was funded by the LATESICE-CGL2016-78380-P, FINICES- PID2020-117685 GB-I00 and MED-REFUGIA-RTI2018-101714-BI00 (Plan Nacional I + D + I, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities) projects

Famílies botàniques de plantes medicinals

Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona. Ensenyament: Grau de Farmàcia, Assignatura: Botànica Farmacèutica, Curs: 2013-2014, Coordinadors: Joan Simon, Cèsar Blanché i Maria Bosch.Els materials que aquí es presenten són els recull de 175 treballs d’una família botànica d’interès medicinal realitzats de manera individual. Els treballs han estat realitzat per la totalitat dels estudiants dels grups M-2 i M-3 de l’assignatura Botànica Farmacèutica durant els mesos d’abril i maig del curs 2013-14. Tots els treballs s’han dut a terme a través de la plataforma de GoogleDocs i han estat tutoritzats pel professor de l’assignatura i revisats i finalment co-avaluats entre els propis estudiants. L’objectiu principal de l’activitat ha estat fomentar l’aprenentatge autònom i col·laboratiu en Botànica farmacèutica

Discapacidad y relación con la actividad en los hogares españoles: efectos directos e inducidos

Fondos de Investigación de la Protección SocialPeer reviewe

Global trends in educational inequality

Whereas the dramatic expansion of education worldwide has been widely documented, educational inequality has received far less attention. Studies that have looked at inequality in education mostly employ the same dataset, and are based on relatively coarse educational categories. We aim to replicate and improve on earlier estimates of inequality by using a newly compiled dataset on years of education. For that purpose, we assembled a large dataset from comparable sources: the census micro-data samples from the IPUMS project, the Demographic and Health Surveys, the European Social Surveys and the International Social Survey Programme. Our database consists of 153 census samples and 1011 household surveys covering 126 countries from the period 1960-2014. Results suggest that educational inequality has been declining consistently across the globe, that variation within countries is a larger source of inequality than variation between countries, and that tertiary education is slowly gaining in importance as a generator of inequality