INFLUENCE OF CHANGE OF POSITION OF FEMUR PROXIMAL SEGMENT ELEMENTS ON DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT TACTICS OF HIP JOINT PATHOLOGY

The aim. of the research was to create diagnostic method for determination of attitude position of elements of femur proximal segment for understanding of development of hip joint pathology and determination of surgical tactics of treatment. The method of precise determination of angle interrelations between the elements of hip joint with use of multispiral computed tomograms. Offered method of diagnostics of estimation of position of elements of femur proximal segment is a necessary way of research of understanding for development of degenerative changes in hip joint and. also for determination of tactics and. method of treatment

Reconstruction of bone segment of the glenoid at chronic recurrent anterior shoulder instability using porous titanium nickelide

A method of the surgical treatment of posttraumatic recurrent shoulder instability with bony defects using porous NiTiis presented. We operated 5 patients using this method. Recurrences of dislocation after surgical treatment have not been recorded. The method is an alternative to Latarjet procedure and iliac crest bone grafting. We use computerized tomography data in the preoperative making of NiTi graft. The graft is sawed from billet having a cylindrical shape about 1 cm thick. Than by using the drill we form two screw holes. A prepared graft is subsequently installed in the area of the glenoid bone defect. The advantages of this method are accurate reconstruction of the bony defect, minimal risk of recurrences, absence of resorption, reduction of procedure time

ESM-SnowMIP: Assessing snow models and quantifying snow-related climate feedbacks

This paper describes ESM-SnowMIP, an international coordinated modelling effort to evaluate current snow schemes, including snow schemes that are included in Earth system models, in a wide variety of settings against local and global observations. The project aims to identify crucial processes and characteristics that need to be improved in snow models in the context of local- and global-scale modelling. A further objective of ESM-SnowMIP is to better quantify snow-related feedbacks in the Earth system. Although it is not part of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), ESM-SnowMIP is tightly linked to the CMIP6-endorsed Land Surface, Snow and Soil Moisture Model Intercomparison (LS3MIP)

Термический режим снежного покрова зимой в высокогорной части Эльбруса по натурным данным и результатам моделирования

Based on the analysis of the results of two measurement episodes in February 2021/22 and calculations using the LSM SPONSOR model, we obtained estimates of the variability of the snow surface thermal balance components and the thermal regime of the snowpack in the ablation zone of the Garabashi glacier on the southern slope of Mount Elbrus at 3850 m above sea level. A quantitative assessment of the sensitivity of the heat balance components to variations in key physical parameters has been performed. It is shown that the optimal value of the emissivity coefficient of snow cover in mountainous areas is 0.98: the absolute error in calculating the radiation temperature of the snow surface at this value does not exceed 1°С, in addition, the model adequately reproduces the thermal regime of deep layers of snow cover. It is also shown that a change in snow density by ±100 kg/m3 can lead to deviations in the temperature of the snow mass by several degrees. This indicates an urgent need to solve the methodological problem of measurements with thermocouples, in which the integrity of the snow mass is inevitably violated. A good agreement between the results of calculations of turbulent sensible heat fluxes in the SPONSOR model with direct measurements (correlation coefficient > 0.9) is demonstrated. Based on the measurement data, the fact of a fairly high frequency of high values of turbulent fluxes under conditions of intense radiative heating in combination with high wind speeds was revealed, which apparently turns out to be typical for high-mountain regions in winter (unlike the plains). For cases of strongly stable stratification in the surface layer, the model systematically overestimates the absolute values of heat fluxes. This may be due to the well-known problem of implementing the calculation scheme based on the Monin-Obukhov theory under conditions of temperature inversions. The inaccuracy in determining the snow surface roughness parameter, which in high mountain conditions is characterized by significant temporal variability, can contribute to the error.На основе данных наблюдений на леднике Гарабаши на юго-восточном склоне Эльбруса в феврале 2021/22 г. проведена верификация LSM SPONSOR для условий периода аккумуляции. Показано, что при значении коэффициента серости 0.98 ошибка моделирования радиационной температуры снежной поверхности не превышает 1°С. Кроме того, модель адекватно воспроизводит термический режим глубоких слоев снежного покрова. Показано, что методическая проблема измерений термического режима в нарушенном снежном покрове может приводить к существенным ошибкам измерения температуры снега. Сравнение результатов моделирования с прямыми измерениями потоков явного тепла по методу eddy covariance показало их хорошее соответствие (коэффициент корреляции более 0.9), хотя для случаев температурной инверсии в приземном слое отмечается систематическое завышение моделью абсолютных значений потоков. На основе данных измерений выявлен факт достаточно высокой повторяемости высоких значений турбулентных потоков в условиях интенсивного радиационного прогрева в сочетании с высокими скоростями ветра, что по всей видимости оказывается типичным для высокогорных районов в зимнее время

Streamflows over a West African Basin from the ALMIP2 Model Ensemble

International audienceComparing streamflow simulations against observations has become a straightforward way to evaluate a land surface model's (LSM) ability in simulating water budget within a catchment. Using a mesoscale river routing scheme (RRS), this study evaluates simulated streamflows over the upper Ouémé River basin resulting from 14 LSMs within the framework of phase 2 of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) Land Surface Model Intercomparison Project (ALMIP2). The ALMIP2 RRS (ARTS) has been used to route LSM outputs. ARTS is based on the nonlinear Muskingum-Cunge method and a simple deep water infiltration formulation representing water-table recharge as previously observed in that region. Simulations are performed for the 2005-08 period during which ground observations are largely available. Experiments are designed using different ground-based rainfall datasets derived from two interpolation methods: the Thiessen technique and a combined kriging-Lagrangian methodology. LSM-based total runoff (TR) averages vary from 0.07 to 1.97 mm day 21 , while optimal TR was estimated as ;0.65 mm day 21. This highly affected the RRS parameterization and streamflow simulations. Optimal Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients for LSM-averaged streamflows varied from 0.66 to 0.92, depending on the gauge station. However, individual LSM performances show a wider range. A more detailed rainfall distribution provided by the kriging-Lagrangian methodology resulted in overall better streamflow simulations. The early runoff generation related to reduced infiltration rates during early rainfall events features as one of the main reasons for poor LSM performances