Association between cardiovascular diseases and hospitalization among patients users of the Brazilian National Health System

Study Design: Cross-sectional. Objective of the study: To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular disease and hospitalizations among users of the Brazilian Public Healthcare System of Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. Methods: The sample was composed by patients from two Basic Healthcare Units of Presidente Prudente / SP. Hospitalizations, presence of disease, habitual physical activity, body mass index and blood pressure measures were the variables analyzed. Spearman correlation indicated relationship between variables and statistical significance was set at p-value < 5%. Results: 514 adults of both sexes were interviewed. The occurrence of hospitalization in the previous year was 14.9%. There was relationship between habitual physical activity, diagnosis of hypertension, arrhythmia and stroke with number of days hospitalized. After adjustment for confounders, patients with two and three/four diagnostic for cardiovascular diseases were more frequent hospitalized compared to patients without diagnoses. Conclusion: It was found relationship between hospitalizations and diagnosis of hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke and lower levels of habitual physical activity among patients users of the public healthcare system in Presidente Prudente, SP, BrazilModelo do estudo: Transversal. Objetivo de estudo: Verificar a associação entre doenças cardiocirculatórias e internações hospitalares em pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde da cidade de Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasil. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por pacientes de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde da cidade de Presidente Prudente/SP. Internações hospitalares, presença de doenças, prática habitual de atividades físicas, índice de massa corporal e medidas pressão arterial foram as variáveis analisadas. Correlação de Spearman indicou relacionamento entre as variáveis e significância estatística foi fixada em p-valor < 5%. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 514 adultos de ambos os sexos. A ocorrência de internação hospitalar no último ano foi de 14,9%. Houve relacionamento entre atividade física habitual, diagnóstico de HA, arritmia e infarto com número de dias internados. Após o ajuste por fatores de confusão, pacientes com dois e três/quatro diagnósticos para doenças cardiocirculatórias apresentaram maior ocorrência de internações hospitalares quando comparados aos sem diagnóstico de doenças. Conclusão: Foi encontrado relacionamento entre internações hospitalares e diagnóstico de hipertensão arterial, arritmia, infarto e menores níveis de prática de atividade física habitual entre pacientes atendidos pelo Sistema Público de Saúde de Presidente Prudente, SP, Brasi

Distribuição da gordura corporal e componentes da prática de atividades físicas no lazer em mulheres pósclimatério: estudo transversal com usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde

Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal. Objetivo: Verificar o impacto da prática de atividades físicas no lazer sobre a distribuição de massa gorda de mulheres pós-climatério, usuárias dos serviços de atenção básica à saúde. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 176 mulheres na menopausa, com idade ≥ 50 anos, usuárias de cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde de Bauru, São Paulo e selecionadas de forma aleatória. A composição corporal foi expressa por quantidade em gramas de gordura total, central e massa magra, obtida por exame de absortometria radiológica de dupla energia (DXA). Para avaliar a prática de atividade física no lazer utilizou-se a segunda seção do questionário de Baecke, considerando intensidade, duração e tempo prévio de engajamento. O nível econômico foi avaliado pelo questionário da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa. Correlação de Spearman e regressão linear indicaram o relacionamento entre indicadores de gordura corporal e componentes da prática de atividades físicas no lazer. Resultados: A maior parte das participantes situou-se na classe média, com idade de 65,9 ± 8 anos e o início da menopausa ocorreu aos 47,5 + 6 anos. Foi observada relação entre maior intensidade e maior tempo prévio de engajamento nas atividades de lazer com menores valores de gordura na região do tronco, porém, quando corrigidos por alguns fatores de confusão, esta relação deixou de apresentar significância estatística. Conclusões: Para esta população, atividades físicas praticadas no tempo destinado ao lazer ocorrem com intensidade, duração e tempo prévio de engajamento insuficientes para provocar alterações significativas na composição corporal.Study design: Cross-sectional study. Aim: To investigate whether leisure-time physical activity can impact on fat mass distribution in post-menopausal women, users of Brazilian Public Healthcare System. Methods: The sample was composed by 176 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 50 years. Body composition was expressed as quantity in grams of total and central fat mass and lean mass, obtained by dual Xray absorptiometry (DXA). To assess leisure-time physical activity we used the second section of Baecke’s questionnaire considering intensity, duration and prior engagement in physical activity practice. Economic status was assessed by a specific and previously validated Brazilian questionnaire. Spearman correlation and linear regression assessed the relationship between indicators of body fat and components of leisure- time physical activity. Results: Most part of participants was middle-income, with mean age of 65,9 ± 8 years and the onset of menopause occurred at 47,5 + 6 years. We observed relationship between higher intensity and prior engagement in leisure-time physical activities with lower levels of central fat, however, when adjusted for some confounding factors, such as this relationship is no longer statistical significant. Conclusion: For this population, intensity, duration and prior engagement in leisure-time physical activity are insufficient to cause significant changes in body composition

The burden of abdominal obesity with physical inactivity on health expenditure in Brazil

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the clustering of physical inactivity with abdominal obesity and public health care expenditure in Brazilian adults. The sample was composed of 963 patients of both genders, randomly selected in the Brazilian Public Health care System during 2010. Entire health care expenditures during the last year were computed and stratified into: medical consultations, medication dispensing, laboratory tests and overall expenditure. Waist circumference was used to diagnose abdominal obesity and physical activity was assessed by previously validated questionnaire. Sedentary and abdominally obese patients (OR= 3.01 [OR95%CI= 1.81-4.99]) had higher likelihood be inserted in the group of higher expenditures than only abdominally obese patients (OR= 1.66 [OR95%CI= 1.07-2.59]). There is a synergic effect between abdominal obesity and physical inactivity on overall health care expenditures

The burden of abdominal obesity with physical inactivity on health expenditure in Brazil

The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between the clustering of physical inactivity with abdominal obesity and public health care expenditure in Brazilian adults. The sample was composed of 963 patients of both genders, randomly selected in the Brazilian Public Health care System during 2010. Entire health care expenditures during the last year were computed and stratified into: medical consultations, medication dispensing, laboratory tests and overall expenditure. Waist circumference was used to diagnose abdominal obesity and physical activity was assessed by previously validated questionnaire. Sedentary and abdominally obese patients (OR= 3.01 [OR95%CI= 1.81-4.99]) had higher likelihood be inserted in the group of higher expenditures than only abdominally obese patients (OR= 1.66 [OR95%CI= 1.07-2.59]). There is a synergic effect between abdominal obesity and physical inactivity on overall health care expenditures

Association of different physical activity domains on all-cause mortality in adults participating in primary care in the Brazilian National Health System: 4-year follow-up

Background: Evidence has shown that physical activity (PA) is associated with low mortality risk. However, data about reduced mortality due to PA are scarce in developing countries and the dose-response relationship between PA from different domains and all-cause mortality remains unclear. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the association of PA from different domains on all-cause mortality among Brazilian adults. Methods: 679 males and females composed the study sample. Participants were divided into quartile groups according to PA from different domains (occupational, sports, and leisure-time). Medical records were used to identify the cause of the death. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the independent associations of PA from different domains and all-cause mortality. Results: During the follow-up period, 59 participants died. The most prevalent cause of death was circulatory system diseases (n = 20; 33.9% [21.8%-45.9%]). Higher scores of occupational (HR= 0.45 [95% CI: 0.20-0.97]), sports (HR= 0.44 [95% CI: 0.20-0.95]) and overall PA (HR= 0.40 [95% CI: 0.17-0.90]) were associated with lower mortality, even after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions: The findings in this study showed the importance of being active in different domains to reduce mortality risk

Association between Sports Participation in Early Life and Arterial Intima-Media Thickness among Adults

Background: Early sports practice is associated with several health benefits during childhood and adolescence, moreover, recent evidence also suggests that sports during childhood and adolescence can produce some benefits during adulthood. However, the association between early sports practice and arterial thickness is not clear. Thus, our aim was analyze the association between sports participation in childhood and adolescence, carotid/femoral intima⁻media thickness, and blood flow index in adulthood. Material and Methods: Sample was composed of 107 adults (64 males) between 30 years and 50 years, which were recruited from different gyms and university staff from São Paulo State University. Participants were divided according to sports participation in early life (engaged in sports during childhood and adolescence (n = 52) and no engagement in sports during childhood and adolescence (n = 55)). Carotid and femoral intima⁻media thickness were measured through Doppler ultrasonography method. Carotid and femoral index were estimated from ultrasonography measures. As covariates, the following were adopted: chronological age, sex, body fat (through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), c-reactive protein, HOMA, alcohol consumption, tobacco smoking, mean arterial pressure and current physical activity (pedometer). General estimating equations were used, adopting p < 0.05. Results: In the adjusted analyses, early sports participation was associated with lower carotid intima⁻media index (early sports participation: 0.64 mm ± 0.14 mm vs. no early sports participation: 0.71 mm ± 0.21 mm; p = 0.011), but not associated with femoral intima⁻media thickness, carotid resistive index and femoral resistive index after the adjustment by potential confounders. Conclusions: Sports participation in childhood and adolescence was associated with a reduced carotid intima⁻media thickness, independently of relevant confounders

Sport participation in pediatric age affects modifications in diabetes markers in adulthood

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of early sport participation on diabetes markers among adults. This longitudinal study analyzed 107 participants during 12 months of follow-up. Diabetes markers were measured by fasting insulin, fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin. Sports participation during childhood and adolescence was self-reported. Current physical activity was measured by pedometer. Adults with no engagement in sports during early life showed positive relationship between current physical inactivity and higher modification in glucose (β = 1.045 [95%CI 0.267; 1.823]), insulin (β = 0.763 [95%CI 0.121; 1.405]), and insulin resistance (β = 0.295 [95%CI 0.062; 0.529]). Adults engaged in sports during early life had lower values of glucose (p value = 0.029; Eta-squared = 0.049). Glucose levels decreased through the follow-up among adults with early sports participation (p value = 0.005; Eta-squared = 0.074). There was association between lack of early engagement in sports and higher occurrence of altered values during the follow-up for insulin resistance (OR = 8.37 [2.10; 33.3]) and insulin (OR = 7.61 [2.27; 25.4]). Engagement in sport activities during early life affects glycemic variables in adulthood, as well as longitudinal relationship between physical activity in adulthood, and glycemic control also seems affected by early sport participation

Parents' lifestyle, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in their children: A cross-sectional study in Brazil

Background: This study investigated associations between different types of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) in parent and their child, including the moderating effects of parent and child sex. Methods: In total, 1231 adolescents, 1202 mothers, and 871 fathers were evaluated. The SB (TV viewing + computer + video game); different types of PA (leisure-time PA, occupational PA, and total PA); and the socioeconomic level were evaluated by questionnaire. The relationship between adolescents' SB and PA with parental characteristics was estimated by linear regression. Results: The SB of male adolescents was correlated to the father's SB (beta = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.39) and mother's SB (beta = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.06-0.31). A similar relationship was observed between SB of female adolescents and the father's SB (beta = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19-0.42) and mother's SB (beta = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20-0.38]). The SB of girls was inversely related to mother's occupational PA (beta = -2.62; 95% CI, -3.66 to -0.53]). The PA of the boys and girls was correlated with their fathers and mothers PA. All the results were adjusted for age and parent's socioeconomic level. Conclusions: SB and PA of parents were associated with SB and PA of their children, regardless of gender. Strategies for health promotion should consider the family environment to increase PA and reduce SB

Relationship between carotid intima-media thickness, physical activity, sleep quality, metabolic/inflamatory profile, body fatness, smoking and alcohol consumption in young adults

<div><p>Abstract AIM The aim of this longitudinal study was to analyze the relationship between sleep disorder and intima-media thickness. METHOD Baseline measurements included carotid intima-media thickness, assessed by an ultrasound device; questionnaires about sleep and other behavioral variables; physical activity was measured by pedometer; body fatness was estimated by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry; fasting glucose, lipid profile and C-reactive protein were collected. RESULTS The occurrence rate of sleep-related disorders was 47% (95%CI= 37.2%-56.7%). Carotid intima-media thickness was related to symptoms of insomnia (r= 0.328 [0.141 to 0.493]) and, after adjustments for potential confounders, the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and insomnia remained statistically significant (β= 0.121 [95%CI= 0.017; 0.225]). CONCLUSIONS In young adults, sleep disorder was significantly related to premature increase in carotid intima-media thickness.</p></div