926 research outputs found
High-density speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) for three dimensional tomographic imaging of the small animal brain
High-density speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) utilizing tens of thousands of source-detector pairs, was developed for in vivo imaging of blood flow in small animals. The reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) due to local ischemic stroke in a mouse brain was transcanially imaged and reconstructed in three dimensions. The reconstructed volume was then compared with corresponding magnetic resonance images demonstrating that the volume of reduced CBF agrees with the infarct zone at twenty-four hours.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft
Non-relativistic Lee Model on two Dimensional Riemannian Manifolds
This work is a continuation of our previous work (JMP, Vol. 48, 12, pp.
122103-1-122103-20, 2007), where we constructed the non-relativistic Lee model
in three dimensional Riemannian manifolds. Here we renormalize the two
dimensional version by using the same methods and the results are shortly given
since the calculations are basically the same as in the three dimensional
model. We also show that the ground state energy is bounded from below due to
the upper bound of the heat kernel for compact and Cartan-Hadamard manifolds.
In contrast to the construction of the model and the proof of the lower bound
of the ground state energy, the mean field approximation to the two dimensional
model is not similar to the one in three dimensions and it requires a deeper
analysis, which is the main result of this paper.Comment: 18 pages, no figure
Symbol calculus and zeta--function regularized determinants
In this work, we use semigroup integral to evaluate zeta-function regularized
determinants. This is especially powerful for non--positive operators such as
the Dirac operator. In order to understand fully the quantum effective action
one should know not only the potential term but also the leading kinetic term.
In this purpose we use the Weyl type of symbol calculus to evaluate the
determinant as a derivative expansion. The technique is applied both to a
spin--0 bosonic operator and to the Dirac operator coupled to a scalar field.Comment: Added references, some typos corrected, published versio
Heat Transfer Operators Associated with Quantum Operations
Any quantum operation applied on a physical system is performed as a unitary
transformation on a larger extended system. If the extension used is a heat
bath in thermal equilibrium, the concomitant change in the state of the bath
necessarily implies a heat exchange with it. The dependence of the average heat
transferred to the bath on the initial state of the system can then be found
from the expectation value of a hermitian operator, which is named as the heat
transfer operator (HTO). The purpose of this article is the investigation of
the relation between the HTOs and the associated quantum operations. Since, any
given quantum operation on a system can be realized by different baths and
unitaries, many different HTOs are possible for each quantum operation. On the
other hand, there are also strong restrictions on the HTOs which arise from the
unitarity of the transformations. The most important of these is the Landauer
erasure principle. This article is concerned with the question of finding a
complete set of restrictions on the HTOs that are associated with a given
quantum operation. An answer to this question has been found only for a subset
of quantum operations. For erasure operations, these characterizations are
equivalent to the generalized Landauer erasure principle. For the case of
generic quantum operations however, it appears that the HTOs obey further
restrictions which cannot be obtained from the entropic restrictions of the
generalized Landauer erasure principle.Comment: A significant revision is made; 33 pages with 2 figure
Speckle contrast optical tomography: A new method for deep tissue three-dimensional tomography of blood flow
A novel tomographic method based on the laser speckle contrast, speckle contrast optical tomography (SCOT) is introduced that allows us to reconstruct three dimensional distribution of blood flow in deep tissues. This method is analogous to the diffuse optical tomography (DOT) but for deep tissue blood flow. We develop a reconstruction algorithm based on first Born approximation to generate three dimensional distribution of flow using the experimental data obtained from tissue simulating phantoms
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Helicity-selective phase-matching and quasi-phase matching of circularly polarized high-order harmonics: Towards chiral attosecond pulses
Phase matching of circularly polarized high-order harmonics driven by counter-rotating bi-chromatic lasers was recently predicted theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. In that work, phase matching was analyzed by assuming that the total energy, spin angular momentum and linear momentum of the photons participating in the process are conserved. Here we propose a new perspective on phase matching of circularly polarized high harmonics. We derive an extended phase matching condition by requiring a new propagation matching condition between the classical vectorial bi-chromatic laser pump and harmonics fields. This allows us to include the influence of the laser pulse envelopes on phase matching. We find that the helicity dependent phase matching facilitates generation of high harmonics beams with a high degree of chirality. Indeed, we present an experimentally measured chiral spectrum that can support a train of attosecond pulses with a high degree of circular polarization. Moreover, while the degree of circularity of the most intense pulse approaches unity, all other pulses exhibit reduced circularity. This feature suggests the possibility of using a train of attosecond pulses as an isolated attosecond probe for chiral-sensitive experiments
Cortical Excitability Measured with nTMS and MEG during Stroke Recovery
Objective. Stroke alters cortical excitability both in the lesioned and in the nonlesioned hemisphere. Stroke recovery has been studied using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Spontaneous brain oscillations and somatosensory evoked fields (SEFs) measured by magnetoencephalography (MEG) are modified in stroke patients during recovery. Methods. We recorded SEFs and spontaneous MEG activity and motor threshold (MT) short intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) with navigated TMS (nTMS) at one and three months after first-ever hemispheric ischemic strokes. Changes of MEG and nTMS parameters attributed to gamma-aminobutyrate and glutamate transmission were compared. Results. ICF correlated with the strength and extent of SEF source areas depicted by MEG at three months. The nTMS MT and event-related desynchronization (ERD) of beta-band MEG activity and SICI and the beta-band MEG event-related synchronization (ERS) were correlated, but less strongly. Conclusions. This first report using sequential nTMS and MEG in stroke recovery found intra-and interhemispheric correlations of nTMS and MEG estimates of cortical excitability. ICF and SEF parameters, MT and the ERD of the lesioned hemisphere, and SICI and ERS of the nonlesioned hemisphere were correlated. Covarying excitability in the lesioned and nonlesioned hemispheres emphasizes the importance of the hemispheric balance of the excitability of the sensorimotor system.Peer reviewe
System-Level Performance Analysis in 3D Drone Mobile Networks
We present a system-level analysis for drone mobile networks on a finite three-dimensional (3D) space. A performance boundary derived by deterministic random (Brownian) motion model over Nakagami-m fading interfering channels is developed. This method allows us to circumvent the extremely complex reality model and obtain the upper and lower performance bounds of actual drone mobile networks. The validity and advantages of the proposed framework are confirmed via extensive Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. The results reveal several important trends and design guidelines for the practical deployment of drone mobile networks
Supergrassmannian and large N limit of quantum field theory with bosons and fermions
We study a large N_{c} limit of a two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory coupled
to bosons and fermions in the fundamental representation. Extending an approach
due to Rajeev we show that the limiting theory can be described as a classical
Hamiltonian system whose phase space is an infinite-dimensional
supergrassmannian. The linear approximation to the equations of motion and the
constraint yields the 't Hooft equations for the mesonic spectrum. Two other
approximation schemes to the exact equations are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, Latex; v.3 appendix added, typos corrected, to appear in
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